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Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis requires the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion, initially established during premeiotic S phase. In human oocytes, DNA replication and cohesion establishment occur decades before chromosome segregation and deterioration of meiotic cohesion is one factor that leads to increased segregation errors as women age. Our previous work led us to propose that a cohesion rejuvenation program operates to establish new cohesive linkages during meiotic prophase in Drosophila oocytes and depends on the cohesin loader Nipped-B and the cohesion establishment factor Eco. In support of this model, we recently demonstrated that chromosome-associated cohesin turns over extensively during meiotic prophase and failure to load cohesin onto chromosomes after premeiotic S phase results in arm cohesion defects in Drosophila oocytes. To identify proteins required for prophase cohesion rejuvenation but not S phase establishment, we conducted a Gal4-UAS inducible RNAi screen that utilized two distinct germline drivers. Using this strategy, we identified 29 gene products for which hairpin expression during meiotic prophase, but not premeiotic S phase, significantly increased segregation errors. Prophase knockdown of Brahma or Pumilio, two positives with functional links to the cohesin loader, caused a significant elevation in the missegregation of recombinant homologs, a phenotype consistent with premature loss of arm cohesion. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that Brahma, Pumilio, and Nipped-B are required during meiotic prophase for the maintenance of arm cohesion. Our data support the model that Brahma and Pumilio regulate Nipped-B-dependent cohesin loading during rejuvenation. Future analyses will better define the mechanism(s) that govern meiotic cohesion rejuvenation and whether additional prophase-specific positives function in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hinduism, one of the world's oldest religions, encapsulates a complex cosmology with diverse theological concepts. Central to its pantheon are the Trimurti, comprising Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer. This triadic manifestation embodies fundamental cosmic forces and philosophical ideals, representing the cyclic nature of existence. The concept of Trimurti elucidates the interplay of creation, preservation, and dissolution in the Hindu universe. Each deity not only embodies distinct attributes but also integrates seamlessly into a unified cosmic order, reflecting the inherent unity underlying apparent dualities. Scholarly perspectives on the Trimurti range from theological interpretations to philosophical inquiries. They explore how these divine manifestations serve as archetypes shaping Hindu thought, ritual practices, and societal norms. Additionally, studies delve into historical developments and regional variations, highlighting dynamic adaptations over millennia. This article employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing from textual analysis of foundational scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. Comparative analysis with other religious and philosophical traditions provides context, while ethnographic data offers insights into contemporary religious practices. The Trimurti concept serves as a cohesive framework that reconciles the apparent contradictions within Hindu cosmology. Brahma symbolizes creation and the emergence of life, Vishnu embodies preservation and cosmic harmony, and Shiva signifies destruction and transformation, essential for renewal. Together, they form a cyclical process essential for cosmic balance. The article delves into the deep philosophical foundations of Hinduism, with a special emphasis on the concept of Trimurti. Consisting of the divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, Trimurti contains the fundamental forces that govern creation, preservation, and destruction in the cosmos. Through a multidimensional analysis, this study aims to elucidate the complex philosophical dimensions inherent in Trimurti and its relevance to understanding the nature of existence, consciousness, and the universe.The philosophical study begins by contextualizing Trimurti within the broader framework of Hindu cosmology and theology. Drawing on ancient scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Puranas, the article outlines the roles and attributes attributed to Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, respectively. Brahma symbolizes the creative aspect of the universe, representing the genesis and manifestation of all phenomena. Vishnu embodies the preserving force, maintaining cosmic order and harmony through his various incarnations (avatars). Shiva, the destroyer, symbolizes the transformative and regenerative aspects of existence, facilitating the cycle of birth, death and rebirth.The article discusses the philosophical significance of Trimurti in the formation of concepts such as dharma (righteousness), karma (action) and moksha (liberation) in Hindu thought. The cyclical interaction of creation, preservation and destruction reflected in Trimurti emphasizes the impermanence of world phenomena and the eternal cycle of samsara (rebirth). The Trimurti serves as a metaphysical framework for understanding the relationship between the individual soul (atman) and the universal consciousness (Brahman), clarifying the paths to spiritual realization and transcendence.The Trimurti stands as the quintessential philosophical construct in Hinduism, containing profound insights into the nature of reality, consciousness, and the divine. By uncovering the layers of symbolism and metaphysics embedded in the Trimurti, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of Hindu philosophy and its continued relevance in contemporary discourse on spirituality and metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panch Tantra or Kalila and Demaneh among the masterpieces of mystical and philosophical wisdom of ancient Indian literature with the excellent translation of Nasrullah Manshi from the 6th century of Hijri in the literature of Persian language and literature with the discourse of education and ethics has been noticed by many thinkers of Iran including Rumi. It is because the rich Persian and Sanskrit languages of the land of Iran and India have long been the cradle of mystical and philosophical thoughts, meditations and enlightened wisdom. The author of this research aims to investigate and criticize the allegorical discourse using the method of comparative content analysis. First, the allegories of the Jackal in Panch Tantra and Masnavi Manavi were extracted and analyzed, and then a comparison was made between these two works. The main sources include authentic versions of the Panch Tantras in Sanskrit and Masnavi, as well as articles and books related to the analysis of comparative literature. This research shows that jackal allegories are used in both works as an effective tool to convey mystical and philosophical concepts. By using these parables, Rumi has been able to express mystical teachings in a story-like and understandable language for general and special audiences. The comparative analysis of these two works clarifies how the Sanskrit language and classical literature of India had a deep impact on Persian literature and the mystical thought of Rumi. The findings of this research show that Rumi deepened mystical and philosophical concepts by using allegories of the jackal and other animals. It is to express Ishrakhi wisdom in a sweet and story-like language. This method has made general and special audiences easily communicate with these concepts and benefit from mystical teachings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at evaluating egg traits, fertility and hatchability of Brahma, Cochin and Orpington breeds. The hens were feeding ad libitum with commercial layer diet. A total of 300 eggs (100 eggs from each breed) were collected to study for egg weight, egg shape index, percentage of yolk, albumen and shell. Fertility and hatchability were assessed in 392 eggs from Brahma, 388 egg from Cochin and 416 eggs from Orpington. There was no significant difference (P0.05). The average fertility was 59.81%, 57.36% and 58.81% for Brahma, Cochin and Orpington respectively. Average hatchability varied significantly at P

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of different heavy chicken breeds on carcass characteristics after reproductive period. The Brahma, Cochin and Orpington cocks and hens were feeding ad libitum with commercial layer diet. At the end of reproduction period, the randomly sampled cocks and hens were slaughtered for examination of major carcass parts (breast, things, wings and back), edible giblets and abdominal fat. The results obtained were used to calculate carcass yield and the percentage of carcass components. Differences in the percentage of wings, back, abdominal fat and edible giblets among cocks of tested heavy breeds were small and statistically no significant (P>0.05). The Brahma and Cochin cocks had significant (P0.05) among breeds (71.78% in Brahma, 71.84% in Cochin and 72.05% in Orpington). We recorded that sex had statistically significant (P

The earliest pieces of evidence of human ability to communicate and desire to create are represented by symbols, hieroglyphics and sign language. OM' is the root syllable of origination and dissolution, Bija' of all mantras. Yet, it is significant to value the differences in form and expression of OM according to each culture. It is important to observe different forms of OM as independent, individual forms, and yet not just variations of OM after appreciating the difference in thinking, sense of beauty, and artistic creativity, you may envelop them in the profound meaning of OM again by seeing Narendra's kinetic art drawings of OM. His chronicle as a graphic artist and a creative painter is awe-inspiring; he is one of the earliest artists to use typographical designs in his paintings. He adopted the geometrical forms of kinetic art and introduced the sacred symbol OM in different geometrical forms. And the result was a genuine blend of the art of East and West obsessed with 'OM'. His "Om" series of drawings is the highlight of his career. His drawings are a broader form of kinetic art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Chromatin remodeling ATPases OsSYD and OsBRM are involved in shoot establishment, and both affect OSH gene transcription. OsSYD protein interacts with RFL, but OsBRM does not. In plants, SPLAYED (SYD) and BRAHMA (BRM) encode chromatin remodeling ATPases that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to restructure nucleosomes and render certain genomic regions available to transcription factors. However, the function of SYD and BRM on rice growth and development is unknown. Here, we constructed ossyd and osbrm mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and analyzed the effects of mutations on rice embryo development. We discovered that the ossyd and osbrm mutants exhibited severe defects during embryonic development, whereas endosperm development was normal. These results indicated that the development of the embryo and endosperm is independent of each other. Consequently, the ossyd- and osbrm-null mutants did not germinate due to the abnormal embryos. Furthermore, we observed the embryos of ossyd- and osbrm-null mutants, and they indeed had distinct differentiation defects in shoot establishment, acquired during embryogenesis. To verify the function of OsSYD and OsBRM in embryogenesis, we measured the transcript levels of marker genes at different stages. Compared with wild type, the expression levels of multiple OSH genes were significantly reduced in the mutants, which was consistent with the defective shoot establishment phenotypes. The interaction between SYD and RICE FLORICAULA/LFY (RFL) was revealed using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, suggesting that the interaction between the LFY homolog and chromatin remodeling ATPases is ubiquitous in plants. Collectively, our findings provide the basis for elucidating the function of OsSYD and OsBRM during embryo development in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lord Jagannātha is the Lord of the whole Universe. He is the great Puruṣa, and there are two Puruṣas in this World i.e Kṣara, and Akṣara. All beings are Kṣara and the hidden identity is Akṣara. The highest Puruṣa is called Paramātmā. Bhagavadgītā describes like this. dvāāvimau puruṣau loke kṣaraścākṣara eva ca/ kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni kūṭastho’kṣara ucyate/ uttamaḥ puruṣastvanyaḥ paramātmeyudāhṛtaḥ/ yo lokatrayamāviśya bibhartyavyaya īśvaraḥ// (Bhagavadgītā. 15/16-17) The present paper defines the Lord Jagannātha as Parambrahma, His Navakalevera, and His Rathayātrā festival, and also the glory of Śrī Kṣhetra in a brief.

In this paper we seek to emphasize the relevance of Eliade's research beyond time, to see why meditation would be useful for the mind of the contemporary man in search of inner balance. Thus, we will analyze the Hindu metaphysical concepts and principles on which Yoga was developed, the distinctions between Yoga-sutra, as a central theoretical and practical current, and secondary typologies, and how the reader can position himself to make progress in probing yogic reality or fact anchored in the dynamics of the unconscious, from the perspective of Mircea Eliade and some researchers passionate about this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian clocks enable organisms to anticipate daily changes in the environment and coordinate temporal rhythms in physiology and behavior with the 24-h day-night cycle. The robust cycling of circadian gene expression is critical for proper timekeeping, and is regulated by transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) recruitment and elongation, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, it has become clear that dynamic alterations in chromatin landscape at the level of histone posttranslational modification and nucleosome density facilitate rhythms in transcription factor recruitment and RNAPII activity, and are essential for progression through activating and repressive phases of circadian transcription. Here, we discuss the characterization of the BRAHMA (BRM) chromatin-remodeling protein in Drosophila in the context of circadian clock regulation. By dissecting its catalytic vs. non-catalytic activities, we propose a model in which the non-catalytic activity of BRM functions to recruit repressive factors to limit the transcriptional output of CLOCK (CLK) during the active phase of circadian transcription, while the primary function of the ATP-dependent catalytic activity is to tune and prevent over-recruitment of negative regulators by increasing nucleosome density. Finally, we divulge ongoing efforts and investigative directions toward a deeper mechanistic understanding of transcriptional regulation of circadian gene expression at the chromatin level.

The article is about the roots of the word Rachmaninov and the people who established this clan in Russia. Analysis of the famous theory about the royal roots of the Rachmaninov clan failed to be proved, neither historical facts nor their dates could be proved with the historical documents. The information which is used by the contemporary authors was taken from the S. A. Satina article, who, in her turn, relied on the book by some I. I. Rachmaninov, published in 1895 in Kiev. But there was no such the author, his real name was N. P. Vasilenko. The genuine information was found in the family tree of the Tambov’s branch of Rachmaninovs. The author studied the way of transformation of the original word “Brahman” to the Russian family name. The word belongs to the Hindu literary language saṃskṛta, goes back to the XX century BC with the meaning “the name of Hindu priests serving their God Brahma”. The word got to the Russian lands by the end of X century AC, was used in the Russian religion books, became customary for the Russian people with the meaning of “the dweller of the land near Eden”. When the clan of Moldovian noblemen arrived to Moscovia, the native Russians called them RACHMANs and later changed the name according to the Russian morphological rules for RACHMANINOV with the meaning “the son of Rachman”.

Integrin expression and activity are altered in tumors, and aberrant integrin signaling promotes malignancy. However, how integrins become altered in tumors remains poorly understood. We discovered that oncogenic activation of MEK signaling induces cell growth and survival, and promotes the malignant phenotype of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by increasing α5 integrin expression. We determined that MEK activates c-Myc to reduce the transcription of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme Brahma (BRM). Our studies revealed that reduced BRM expression and/or activity drives the malignant behavior of MECs by epigenetically promoting C/EBPβ expression to directly induce α5 integrin transcription. Consistently, we could show that restoring BRM levels normalized the malignant behavior of transformed MECs in culture and in vivo by preventing C/EBPβ-dependent α5 integrin transcription. Our findings identify a novel mechanism whereby oncogenic signaling promotes malignant transformation by regulating transcription of a key chromatin remodeling molecule that regulates integrin-dependent stromal-epithelial interactions.

The problem of death and immortality is an ontological concern of human being. Islam and Hinduism, like other religions, have always sought to resolve this problem. Philosophical, verbal, mystical, and Qur’anic criticisms have attracted the attention of Muslim and Hindu scholars.The issue of immortality has been examined from different perspectives. In this study, it is examined from the perspectives of the Holy Qur’an and the ancient Upanishads. The use of the word soul in the Qur’anic verses, and then, with references to the early Upanishads is a key point in understanding the immortality of the human soul. In the Qur’an, special attention has been paid to the issue of the soul and has been referred to as a safe soul. In the Abrahamic religions, human creation is distinctive from other beings, and the final stage of creation is that of human being. In the old Upanishads, only the universal human being (Purusha) is considered as the soul and the main source of the world. The true and inward human being (Atman) is only meaningful in the unity and permanent union with Brahma, and the material aspect of human being (Perkeṛiti) is not very important.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers control the accessibility of genomic DNA through nucleosome mobilization. However, the dynamics of genome exploration by remodelers, and the role of ATP hydrolysis in this process remain unclear. We used live-cell imaging of Drosophila polytene nuclei to monitor Brahma (BRM) remodeler interactions with its chromosomal targets. In parallel, we measured local chromatin condensation and its effect on BRM association. Surprisingly, only a small portion of BRM is bound to chromatin at any given time. BRM binds decondensed chromatin but is excluded from condensed chromatin, limiting its genomic search space. BRM-chromatin interactions are highly dynamic, whereas histone-exchange is limited and much slower. Intriguingly, loss of ATP hydrolysis enhanced chromatin retention and clustering of BRM, which was associated with reduced histone turnover. Thus, ATP hydrolysis couples nucleosome remodeling to remodeler release, driving a continuous transient probing of the genome.

Switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-subunit machines that play vital roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which SWI/SNF complexes recognize their target loci in plants are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and critical for SWI/SNF genomic targeting. These three BRDs interact directly with multiple SWI/SNF subunits, including the BRAHMA (BRM) catalytic subunit. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of the brd1 brd2 brd13 triple mutant revealed that these BRDs act largely redundantly to control gene expression and developmental processes that are also regulated by BRM. Genome-wide occupancy profiling demonstrated that these three BRDs extensively colocalize with BRM on chromatin. Simultaneous loss of function of three BRD genes results in reduced BRM protein levels and decreased occupancy of BRM on chromatin across the genome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bromodomains of BRDs are essential for genomic targeting of the BRD subunits of SWI/SNF complexes to their target sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and reveal their biological roles in facilitating genomic targeting of BRM-containing SWI/SNF complexes in plants. SWI/SNF complexes play vital roles in the regulation of gene transcription in plants; however, the mechanisms by which plant SWI/SNF complexes are targeted to specific genomic loci remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified three new core subunits of Arabidopsis BRM-containing SWI/SNF complexes. We demonstrated that the three homologous bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 function to recognize acetylated chromatin via their bromodomains to mediate the genome-wide targeting of plant SWI/SNF complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: SPLAYED (SYD) is a SWItch/Sucrose Non‐Fermentable (SWI/SNF)‐type chromatin remodeler identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). It is believed to play both redundant and differential roles with its closest homolog BRAHMA (BRM) in diverse plant growth and development processes. To better understand how SYD functions, we profiled the genome‐wide occupancy of SYD and its impact on the global transcriptome and trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). To map the global occupancy of SYD, we generated a GFP‐tagged transgenic line and used it for chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments followed by next‐generation sequencing, by which more than 6000 SYD target genes were identified. Through integrating SYD occupancy and transcriptome profiles, we found that SYD preferentially targets to nucleosome‐free regions of expressed genes. Further analysis revealed that SYD occupancy peaks exhibit five distinct patterns, which were also shared by BRM and BAF60, a conserved SWI/SNF complex component, indicating the common target sites of these SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers and the functional relevance of such distinct patterns. To investigate the interplay between SYD and Polycomb‐group (PcG) proteins, we performed a genome‐wide analysis of H3K27me3 in syd‐5. We observed both increases and decreases in H3K27me3 levels at a few hundred genes in syd‐5 compared to wild type. Our results imply that SYD can act antagonistically or synergistically with PcG at specific genes. Together, our SYD genome‐wide occupancy data and the transcriptome and H3K27me3 profiles provide a much‐needed resource for dissecting SYD's crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Significance Statement: This study identified the genome‐wide targets of SYD in Arabidopsis seedlings, showing its preferential occupancy over developmental and stress‐responsive genes. It was revealed that SYD and its close homolog BRM target to a common set of genes with similar occupancy patterns, indicating a concerted genomic targeting of these chromatin remodelers. Further, SYD mutation led to changes of H3K27me3 over hundreds of genes, suggesting that SYD can act antagonistically or synergistically with PcG at specific genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the use of the name of god other than Islam to Allah SWT. There are some issues that have been raised about the use of names for god in other religions to Allah SWT. While in the debate of the salaf and the Khalaf scholars, the names for Allah SWT are taken Tawqifiyyah based on the evidence in the Quran and Sunnah only. Besides the tawqifiyyah method, Allah SWT cannot be named by a name other than what He names for Himself in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. This study uses a qualitative method that includes data collection, content analysis, comparative analysis, and historical-based analysis. The findings show that there are some known Islamic figures who named Allah SWT as Brahma as Dr. Zakir Naik and allow the name of Allah SWT by a name taken from other religions such as Nazim al-Qubrusi. They named Allah SWT instead of Tawqifi as agreed by the scholars of the Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah. Their opinion is against the Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah Method.

Heraclitus is widely held to believe in Becaming (universal Flux, Motion, so to speak): whereas Parmenides in Stability (Rest, to use Platonic terminology). If it really were so, how then could we explain the eternal caracter of Heraclitian Logos or the emergence (genesis) of beings as Parmenides describes it in second part of his poem ?In this paper, we are dealing only with Heraclitus, focusing on fragment 32: “One, sole Sage, is unwilling and yet willing to be called by the name of Zeus”. To do so, we first assess some leading commentaries, then we suggest a different interpretation of the same fragment.

The Tevijja Sutta is an early Buddhist text notable for the way it addresses a problem in Brahmanical theology. Many have studied or cited the Tevijja Sutta , but for various reasons scholars have had trouble describing the problem that the sutta addresses. This article reviews some key developments in the modern academic study of the Tevijja Sutta and proposes a solution to interpretive difficulties associated with the text. The proposed solution leads to a more contextualized reading of the Tevijja Sutta and sheds light on Brahmins and Brahmanical theology in the early Buddhist period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores some of the connections between the presentation of religious ideas and the use of concessive clauses and sentences in Pāli Buddhist literature. Special emphasis is placed on the linguistic construction kiñcāpi... atha kho.... Although this is widely understood to be a concessive and correlative construction and is often translated in ways that adequately reproduce the meaning of the Pāli, still it is the case that the kiñcāpi... atha kho... construction is sometimes misrepresented. Surprisingly, misrepresentations of said construction are especially prevalent in an ever-growing body of work related to one Pāli text in particular, the Tevijja Sutta. This has helped to obscure the extent to which the sutta is a response to developments in Brahmanical theology external to the text itself. This study examines this unwelcome situation and proposes a remedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plants adapt to environmental changes by regulating transcription and chromatin organization. The histone H2A variant H2A.Z and the SWI2/SNF2 ATPase BRAHMA (BRM) have overlapping roles in positively and negatively regulating environmentally responsive genes in Arabidopsis, but the extent of this overlap was uncharacterized. Both factors have been associated with various changes in nucleosome positioning and stability in different contexts, but their specific roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization need further characterization. We show that H2A.Z and BRM co‐localize at thousands of sites, where they interact both cooperatively and antagonistically in transcriptional repression and activation of genes involved in development and responses to environmental stimuli. We identified eight classes of genes that show distinct relationships between H2A.Z and BRM with respect to their roles in transcription. These include activating and silencing transcription both redundantly and antagonistically. We found that H2A.Z contributes to a range of different nucleosome properties, while BRM stabilizes nucleosomes where it binds and destabilizes or repositions flanking nucleosomes. We also found that, at many genes regulated by both BRM and H2A.Z, both factors overlap with binding sites of the light‐regulated transcription factor FAR1‐Related Sequence 9 (FRS9) and that a subset of these FRS9 binding sites are dependent on H2A.Z and BRM for accessibility. Collectively, we comprehensively characterized the antagonistic and cooperative contributions of H2A.Z and BRM to transcriptional regulation, and illuminated several interrelated roles in chromatin organization. The variability observed in their individual functions implies that both BRM and H2A.Z have more context‐dependent roles than previously assumed. Significance Statement: The histone variant H2A.Z and the chromatin remodeler BRM have overlapping roles in gene activation and repression, but the extent of their physical and regulatory interactions was unknown. We used genome‐wide profiling methods to identify sites where both factors overlap, and found that H2A.Z and BRM have both cooperative and antagonistic roles with respect to transcription and chromatin organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the use of the name of god other than Islam to Allah SWT. There are some issues that have been raised about the use of names for god in other religions to Allah SWT. While in the debate of the salaf and the Khalaf scholars, the names for Allah SWT are taken Tawqifiyyah based on the evidence in the Quran and Sunnah only. Besides the tawqifiyyah method, Allah SWT cannot be named by a name other than what He names for Himself in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. This study uses a qualitative method that includes data collection, content analysis, comparative analysis, and historical-based analysis. The findings show that there are some known Islamic figures who named Allah SWT as Brahma as Dr. Zakir Naik and allow the name of Allah SWT by a name taken from other religions such as Nazim al-Qubrusi. They named Allah SWT instead of Tawqifi as agreed by the scholars of the Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah. Their opinion is against the Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah Method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to diagnose avian leukosis in naturally infected Brahma backyard chickens in southern parts of Iraq, on the basis of clincopathological findings and serological detection by using antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) in suspected tumor cases in field conditions. In this study the avian leukosis was mostly observed in birds from 16 to 22 weeks of age, as well as the infected flocks showed a low mortality rate ranging from 5-6%. Typical variable sized grey to yellow obvious tumor-like nodular lesion was demonstrated on the surface of enlarged visceral organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and duodenum, as in white meat-type chickens. The histopathological features revealed massive infiltration of monomorphic lymphocytes in which the lymphoblasts were predominant in the liver, kidney, spleen and duodenum. In this study, a total of 40 sera were tested for ALV P27 antigen by ELISA technique. Thirty-five out of forty sera (87.5%) obtained from Brahma chickens tested positive to ALV P27 antigen and a higher percentage (88.58%) of the chicken sera were strongly positive and had (EUs > 75%). Based on these findings, avian leukosis was concluded to be associated with this pathological condition in Iraqi backyard flocks. This is the first report of the presence of the avian leukosis in visceral samples of Brahma breed. It seems that commercial poultry population in Iraq is not far from the threat of the avian leukosis, and surveillance for avian leukosis is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realisation of soul is the real crown and glory of life. Its glow enhances epistemological vision of humankind, enables him to surmount mundane melancholia and widens the prospect of liberation. This aspiration is well demonstrated in the campus of Lord Jagannath at Puri. In the name of ritualistic celebrations Jagannath consciousness inspires spirituality and encourages the enlightenment of 'self'. Of all the great festivals associated with the cult of Lord Jagannath, the celebration of the Car festival is both important and interesting for its explicit synonymy with Indian philosophy and spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partir de um outdoor da campanha publicitária da Brahma na Inglaterra, este artigo explora os possíveis sentidos da mudança da imagem do Brasil no exterior, onde o país não mais se resume ao erotismo de sol, praia e mar. O trabalho analisa o contexto londrino da imagem, os novos usos da imagem do corpo brasileiro e a promoção da nacionalidade brasileira em uma época em que as oposições binárias entre o nacional e o estrangeiro são difusas, com implicações para a maneira como entendemos o imaginário da comunidade nacional e as hierarquias globais.

The article examines one of the main questions of intercommunications between main religious and cultural systems in India: Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. The article, using detailed factual material, focuses the similarities and differences between those systems, results in the basic data regarding ontology, cosmology, ethics and sociology of those systems. The article shows the interaction and mutual enrichment of so different systems.

Sanggar temple is located on Penanjakan slope.. The hill is part of Wonogriyo of Pusungmalang village, Puspo regency, Pasuruan district. Sanggar temple suspected as place of worship to the God Brahma who dwells in Mount Bromo. On a series of research carried out in 2005-2008 by Yogyakarta Centre of Archaeology were found several short inscriptions around the temple to be praises used in religious rituals it is allegedly the people in the region. The tradition to sing praises by until the spread of Islam in Java. The adoption of Islam influence changes lasted praises. The contents of such literatur review espeally ancient writings are used to prove the assumptin.

Parental RNAi (pRNAi) is an RNA interference response where the gene knockdown phenotype is observed in the progeny of the treated organism. pRNAi has been demonstrated in female western corn rootworms (WCR) via diet applications and has been described as a potential approach for rootworm pest management. However, it is not clear if plant-expressed pRNAi can provide effective control of next generation WCR larvae in the field. In this study, we evaluated parameters required to generate a successful pRNAi response in WCR for the genes brahma and hunchback. The parameters tested included a concentration response, duration of the dsRNA exposure, timing of the dsRNA exposure with respect to the mating status in WCR females, and the effects of pRNAi on males. Results indicate that all of the above parameters affect the strength of pRNAi phenotype in females. Results are interpreted in terms of how this technology will perform in the field and the potential role for pRNAi in pest and resistance management strategies. More broadly, the described approaches enable examination of the dynamics of RNAi response in insects beyond pRNAi and crop pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycomb and Trithorax group (PcG and TrxG) genes function to regulate gene transcription by maintaining a repressive or active chromatin state, respectively. This antagonistic activity is important for body patterning during embryonic development, but whether this function module has a role in adult tissues is unclear. Here, we report that in the Drosophila ovary, disruption of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), specifically in the supporting escort cells, causes blockage of cystoblast differentiation and germline stem cell-like tumor formation. Tumors are caused by derepression of decapentaplegic (dpp), which prevents cystoblast differentiation. Interestingly, activation of dpp in escort cells requires the function of the TrxG gene brahma (brm), suggesting that loss of PRC1 in escort cells causes Brm-dependent dpp expression. Our study suggests a requirement for balanced activity between PcG and TrxG in an adult stem cell niche, and disruption of this balance could lead to the loss of tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism that is present in animals and plants and is triggered by double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA), depending on the organism. In the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), RNAi can be achieved by feeding rootworms dsRNA added to artificial diet or plant tissues transformed to express dsRNA. The effect of RNAi depends on the targeted gene function and can range from an absence of phenotypic response to readily apparent responses, including lethality. Furthermore, RNAi can directly affect individuals that consume dsRNA or the effect may be transferred to the next generation. Our previous work described the potential use of genes involved in embryonic development as a parental RNAi technology for the control of WCR. In this study, we describe the use of chromatin-remodeling ATPases as target genes to achieve parental gene silencing in two insect pests, a coleopteran, WCR, and a hemipteran, the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Our results show that dsRNA targeting chromatin-remodeling ATPase transcripts, brahma , mi-2 , and iswi strongly reduced the fecundity of the exposed females in both insect species. Additionally, knockdown of chd1 reduced the fecundity of E. heros . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SWI/SNF is a major regulator of gene expression. Its role is to facilitate the shifting and exposure of DNA segments within the promoter and other key domains to transcription factors and other essential cellular proteins. This complex interacts with a wide range of proteins and does not function within a single, specific pathway; thus, it is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including DNA repair, differentiation, development, cell adhesion, and growth control. Given SWI/SNF’s prominent role in these processes, many of which are important for blocking cancer development, it is not surprising that the SWI/SNF complex is targeted during cancer initiation and progression both by mutations and by nonmutational mechanisms. Currently, the understanding of the types of alterations, their frequency, and their impact on the SWI/SNF subunits is an area of intense research that has been bolstered by a recent cadre of NextGen sequencing studies. These studies have revealed mutations in SWI/SNF subunits, indicating that this complex is thus important for cancer development. The purpose of this review is to put into perspective the role of mutations versus other mechanisms in the silencing of SWI/SNF subunits, in particular, BRG1 and BRM. In addition, this review explores the recent development of synthetic lethality and how it applies to this complex, as well as how BRM polymorphisms are becoming recognized as potential clinical biomarkers for cancer risk.

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of different heavy chicken breeds on carcass characteristics after reproductive period. The Brahma, Cochin and Orpington cocks and hens were feeding ad libitum with commercial layer diet. At the end of reproduction period, the randomly sampled cocks and hens were slaughtered for examination of major carcass parts (breast, things, wings and back), edible giblets and abdominal fat. The results obtained were used to calculate carcass yield and the percentage of carcass components. Differences in the percentage of wings, back, abdominal fat and edible giblets among cocks of tested heavy breeds were small and statistically no significant (P>0.05). The Brahma and Cochin cocks had significant (P<0.05) higher percentage of things compared with Orpington cocks. Difference in percentage of breast was statistically significant (P<0.05) higher in Cochin and Orpington cocks There were similar percentages of carcass yield in Brahma (72.59%), Cochin (72.21%) and Orpington (72.88%) breed. In hens, breed had influence only on percentage of breast, namely Orpington hens had significant higher percentage breast then hens so Brahma and Cochin. Carcass yield was statistically non significant (P>0.05) among breeds (71.78% in Brahma, 71.84% in Cochin and 72.05% in Orpington). We recorded that sex had statistically significant (P<0.05) effect on some carcass characteristics -percentage of breast and abdominal fat in benefit of hens and percentage of things in benefit of cocks. The results from this study show that carcass yield cocks and hens of Brahma, Cochin and Orpington were higher in comparison with STN 46 64 15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at evaluating egg traits, fertility and hatchability of Brahma, Cochin and Orpington breeds. The hens were feeding ad libitum with commercial layer diet. A total of 300 eggs (100 eggs from each breed) were collected to study for egg weight, egg shape index, percentage of yolk, albumen and shell. Fertility and hatchability were assessed in 392 eggs from Brahma, 388 egg from Cochin and 416 eggs from Orpington. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in egg weight and shape egg index. Orpington hens had significantly higher average egg number (138.41 egg) than Brahma (121.62 eggs) and Cochin (119.94 eggs) hens. Differences in percentage of yolk, albumen and shell in eggs of tested heavy breeds were statistically no significant (P>0.05). The average fertility was 59.81%, 57.36% and 58.81% for Brahma, Cochin and Orpington respectively. Average hatchability varied significantly at P<0.05 (80.08% in Brahma, 82.54% in Cochin and 89.86% in Orpington). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA interference (RNAi) is being developed as a potential tool for insect pest management and one of the most likely target pest species for transgenic plants that express double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the western corn rootworm. Thus far, most genes proposed as targets for RNAi in rootworm cause lethality in the larval stage. In this study, we describe RNAi-mediated knockdown of two developmental genes, hunchback ( hb ) and brahma ( brm ), in the western corn rootworm delivered via dsRNA fed to adult females. dsRNA feeding caused a significant decrease in hb and brm transcripts in the adult females. Although total oviposition was not significantly affected, there was almost complete absence of hatching in the eggs collected from females exposed to dsRNA for either gene. These results confirm that RNAi is systemic in nature for western corn rootworms. These results also indicate that hunchback and brahma play important roles in rootworm embryonic development and could provide useful RNAi targets in adult rootworms to prevent crop injury by impacting the population of larval progeny of exposed adults. The ability to deliver dsRNA in a trans-generational manner by feeding to adult rootworms may offer an additional approach to utilizing RNAi for rootworm pest management. The potential to develop parental RNAi technology targeting progeny of adult rootworms in combination with Bt proteins or dsRNA lethal to larvae may increase opportunities to develop sustainable approaches to rootworm management involving RNAi technologies for rootworm control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the two catalytic subunits of the SWI/ SNF chromatin-remodeling complex-Brahma (Brm) and Brg1-are almost invariably co-expressed, their mutually exclusive incorporation into distinct SWI/ SNF complexes predicts that Brg1- and Brm-based SWI/ SNF complexes execute specific functions. Here, we show that Brg1 and Brm have distinct functions at discrete stages of muscle differentiation. While Brg1 is required for the activation of muscle gene transcription at early stages of differentiation, Brm is required for Ccnd1 repression and cell cycle arrest prior to the activation of muscle genes. Ccnd1 knockdown rescues the ability to exit the cell cycle in Brm-deficient myoblasts, but does not recover terminal differentiation, revealing a previously unrecognized role of Brm in the activation of late muscle gene expression independent from the control of cell cycle. Consistently, Brm null mice displayed impaired muscle regeneration after injury, with aberrant proliferation of satellite cells and delayed formation of new myofibers. These data reveal stage-specific roles of Brm during skeletal myogenesis, via formation of repressive and activatory SWI/ SNF complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo articula três momentos. Inicialmente, fazemos um panorama dos estudos de gênero, introduzindo algumas questões para a compreensão deste tema. Em seguida, propomos algumas reflexões sobre o diálogo entre publicidade, gênero e esporte. Por último, temos a análise empírica propriamente dita, onde evidenciamos as construções de gênero e as marcações de uma suposta identidade nacional hegemônica presentes nos dois filmes publicitários da Brahma escolhidos (Lista de Pedidos e Poucas Palavras).

Chromatin remodeling processes are among the most important regulatory mechanisms in controlling cell proliferation and regeneration. Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal potentials, maintain tissue homeostasis, and serve as an excellent model for studying cell growth and regeneration. In this study, we show that Brahma (Brm) chromatin-remodeling complex is required for ISC proliferation and damage-induced midgut regeneration in a lineage-specific manner. ISCs and enteroblasts exhibit high levels of Brm proteins; and without Brm, ISC proliferation and differentiation are impaired. Importantly, the Brm complex participates in ISC proliferation induced by the Scalloped–Yorkie transcriptional complex and that the Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway directly restricted ISC proliferation by regulating Brm protein levels by inducing caspase-dependent cleavage of Brm. The cleavage resistant form of Brm protein promoted ISC proliferation. Our findings highlighted the importance of Hpo signaling in regulating epigenetic components such as Brm to control downstream transcription and hence ISC proliferation.

The Hippo signaling pathway restricts organ size by inactivating the Yorkie (Yki)/Yes-associated protein (YAP) family proteins. The oncogenic Yki/YAP transcriptional coactivator family promotes tissue growth by activating target gene transcription, but the regulation of Yki/YAP activation remains elusive. In mammalian cells, we identified Brg1, a major subunit of chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF family proteins, which interacts with YAP. This finding led us to investigate the in vivo functional interaction of Yki and Brahma (Brm), the Drosophila homolog of Brg1. We found that Brm functions at the downstream of Hippo pathway and interacts with Yki and Scalloped (Sd) to promotes Yki-dependent transcription and tissue growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Brm is required for the Crumbs (Crb) dysregulation-induced Yki activation. Interestingly, we also found that crb is a downstream target of Yki–Brm complex. Brm physically binds to the promoter of crb and regulates its transcription through Yki. Together, we showed that Brm functions as a critical regulator of Hippo signaling during tissue growth and plays an important role in the feedback loop between Crb and Yki. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]