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The brain drain problem has been studied in the literature as an interaction between push factors in developing countries and pull factors in wealthy countries. It is essential to measure these factors to address the problem efficiently. This study aims to improve the process of prioritizing brain drain factors among Croatian students. The study was conducted among university students from all schools of the University of Zagreb and across seven scientific fields. This research combined two methods: the neural network analysis and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Neural network analysis is used to identify push and pull factors that most strongly influence students' potential decision to leave a country. The AHP is used to prioritize the most critical pull and push factors according to the results of the neural network analysis. The study results indicate that pull factors are more important than push factors for students in all fields of study, except in Arts. Developing countries should strive to adopt policies to create new employment opportunities, improve the quality of life, and create a favorable business climate. KEYWORDS: brain drain, pull factors, push factors, Analytical Hierarchical Process, neural networks, 1. INTRODUCTION With the advent of globalization, spatial mobility has become a crucial factor affecting national and global economies. Brain drain is a form of population migration that refers to [...]

This study analyzes the scientific profiles of doctorate holders who migrate in search of better job opportunities as a response to the increased temporariness and uncertainty of employment in their native country. Analyzing the career trajectories of the population of research-active Italian doctorate holders in economics, finance, and business management who graduated in the years 2008-2010, we find that those who are more likely to move abroad are those with the relatively best and worst research performances before migrating. Instead, those remaining in Italy are found to be on average of good scientific quality. Further, we find that the best performers target cross-border reputable universities for more prestigious careers, while the relatively lower performers generally move internationally to non-research-oriented institutions simply to look for an occupation. Migrant doctorate holders with average research performances do not differ from those staying in their native country. Our results have important policy implications as they contradict the popular belief that only the cream of the talented brains flee Italy., Author(s): Mattia Cattaneo [sup.1] [sup.2] , Paolo Malighetti [sup.1] [sup.2] , Stefano Paleari [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000000106929556, grid.33236.37, Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, [...]

Since the end of the World War II, Europe has been repeatedly afflicted by waves of brain drain, with varying degrees of intensity across time and countries. But these outflows [...]

The desire to be great, to make a lasting mark, is as old as civilization itself. Today, it is no longer measured exclusively by the size of a polity's armed forces, the height of its pyramids, the luxury of its palaces, or even the wealth of its natural resources. Governments in high-income countries and emerging economies alike have come to subscribe to the view that in order to secure a position in the pantheon of excellence, it is the ability to draw human capital, to become an 'IQ magnet,' that counts. Across the globe, countries are vying to outbid one another in an effort to attract highly-skilled migrants, aggressively recruiting those at the top of the talent pyramid who possess what we might call super talent. This spiraling race for talent is one of the most significant developments in recalibrating international migration and mobility in today's globalizing world. Yet it has received only scant attention in academic circles despite its growing prominence in the real world of law and policy-making. In this article, we begin to close the gap. Our discussion highlights the increasingly common practice of governments 'picking winners' through fast-tracked, strategic grants of citizenship for those with exceptional skills and extraordinary talent, while at the same time holding other categories of 'standard' immigration applicants (those entering on the basis of family reunification, humanitarian reasons, and so on) to ever stricter admission and permission-to-stay requirements. We chart and explain these developments before turning to identify the core ethical and legal challenges they raise. The discussion concludes by exploring whether, and if so, how, these striking developments may transform the concepts of citizenship and migration in the twenty-first century., INTRODUCTION The desire to be great, to make a lasting mark, is as old as civilization itself. Today, it is no longer measured exclusively by the size of a nation's [...]

"Migrations of skilled workers have traditionally been seen as a gain for the destination and a loss for the originating country.... Recent research, however, has thrown a question mark at such an easy conclusion."

The study focuses on the mobility of doctoral candidates in science based on new empirical studies into the mobility of Polish and Bulgarian scientists who are working in the UK and Germany. Bulgaria and Poland doctoral candidates leave the country to undertake science careers because of the continuous under-investment in research and development in their own countries but it was found that they do return regularly for professional reasons and to maintain links there.

The article examines the concept of a global India. Interviews with engineers from the Silicon Valley and Bangalore reveal the gendered approach of Indian middle class requiring the professional woman to ably balance her home and career, thereby suggesting a transnational approach to Diaspora studies.

In the context of a worldwide physician brain drain phenomenon, Lebanon has the highest emigration factor in the Middle East and North Africa. In this manuscript we aim to identify and develop a conceptual framework for the factors underlying the decisions of graduating Lebanese medical students to train abroad. We conducted two focus groups and seven semi-structured individual interviews with 23 students. In the deductive analysis (based on the push-pull theory), students reported push factors in Lebanon and pull factors abroad related to five dimensions. They focused predominantly on how training abroad provides them with a competitive advantage in an oversaturated Lebanese job market. An inductive analysis revealed the following emerging concepts: repel factors abroad and retain factors locally; societal expectations that students should train abroad; marketing of abroad training; and an established culture of migration. The marketing of abroad training and the culture of migration are prevalent in the academic institutions. Keywords: Lebanon; Middle east; Brain drain; Migration; Physicians; Medical students

The paper investigates the magnitude of migration of health professionals from Zimbabwe, the causes of such movements and the associated impacts on health care delivery. International migration of health professionals [...]

Silicon Valley's workforce is among the world's most ethnically diverse. Not only do Asian and Hispanic workers dominate the low-paying, blue-collar workforce, but foreign-born scientists and engineers are increasingly visible [...]

Research faces the challenge of balancing relevance to decision making and excellence in the strict adherence to the norms of scientific inquiry. This paper examines the organizational responses that can be undertaken to promote integration of these potentially conflicting goals. We posit that there seem to be structural barriers to effective communication between researchers and decision makers, such as differences in priorities, time management, language, means of communication, integration of findings and definition of the final product of research. These barriers must be overcome through solutions aimed at the organization of research. In this respect, there are three possible models to approach the tension between excellence and relevance: academic subordination, segregation and integration. Only the latter makes it possible to reconcile the advantages of proximity to decision making with the procedures to assure academic quality. In addition to organizational design and institutional development, a strategy to promote research must include a set of incentives to prevent the 'internal brain drain', that is, the tendency of researchers to move to managerial positions. There are four guiding principles to address this problem: parallel careers, academic autonomy, administrative sacrifice and inverted incentives. The complexities of health problems demand that we create new organizational formulas to finally balance relevance and excellence in research.

The full scientific potential of emerging economies has yet to be realized.The full scientific potential of emerging economies has yet to be realized., Author(s): Richard HodsonAuthor Affiliations:Science without borders Credit: Taj Francis [see PDF for image]If a researcher's goal is to improve people's lives, they should look to the world's poorer nations. Low- [...]

The statistics seem to show that the countries of central and eastern Europe are losing many of their most highly qualified people -- precisely those with the skills that the [...]

Byline: Sanjay. Dalmia There has always been a trend in India for doctors to go abroad. They go to developing countries for an international exposure and training in their job. [...]

College graduates from three Pittsburgh-area universities were surveyed with respect to their careers and location decisions, in order to understand why many college graduates are leaving western Pennsylvania. The results suggest several policy recommendations to help maintain recent area graduates to attract more highly skilled workers to the regions.

Fears for the future of 'problem' subjects such as chemistry in UK universities have been reignited following the emergence of news that four top scientists will leave Cambridge University as the result of a campaign to lure leading researchers to Australia. Andrew Holmes, a leading polymer chemist, is one of the four and he has confirmed that he will be leaving Cambridge to join Melbourne University and he will be taking a large part of his research team with him. Holmes was in part lured to Australia by an A$230,000/yr federation fellowship, designed to boost Australia's 'brain gain'.

Recent research on the impact of labor migration on the socioeconomic development of developing countries has provided opportunity to try and resolve some of the long-standing polemics that have pervaded the literature on migration and development. This article focuses on findings concerning the labor, remittance and social impacts of emigration on countries that have participated in labor emigration. While a great deal more research needs to be done, recent findings confirm that in some situations the short-term impacts of labor migration on sending countries have been considerable.

Some members of the science and engineering (S&E) community have been worried that the attraction of higher salaries in other professions and the much-discussed difficulties that some recent Ph.D.s have […]

Between 1998 and 2003, it's estimated the U.S. lost nearly 300,000 high-tech jobs to competition abroad, and today American companies often cannot fill their scientific and technical personnel needs domestically. […]

An analysis of the impact that research bans and tough post-September 11 immigration controls could be having on academic research in the United States. It is suggested that the US might be experiencing a reverse of the traditional 'brain drain', which has seen academics from around the world travel to the US to work, with the world's leading academics and researchers now steering clear of the US and looking elsewhere to conduct their work.