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Byline: Prakash. Tandon 'In many general surgical works today the diagnosis of primary brain stem injury amounts to pronouncement of death sentence' (Kalyanaraman and Ramamurthi 1969) It is interesting that [...]

Byline: Ajay. Vats In this issue of the Journal, an original article, Mehra A et al ., (AIAN 1022) have studied findings using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) and [...]

Byline: Rahul. Lath, Pankaj. Sharma, Rajesh. Sannareddy, Meenakshi. Swain, Alok. Ranjan Sir, Malignant transformation of vestibular schwannoma is reported after radiation therapy; however, the development of malignant tumors growing in [...]

GABAergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) are driven by baroreceptor inputs relayed via the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and they inhibit neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla to reduce sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial pressure (AP). After arterial baroreceptor denervation or lesions of the NTS, inhibition of the CVLM continues to increase AP, suggesting additional inputs also tonically activate the CVLM. This study examined whether the NTS contributes to baroreceptor-independent drive to the CVLM and whether glutamate promotes baroreceptor- and NTS-independent activation of the CVLM to tonically reduce SNA. In addition, we evaluated whether altering central respiratory drive, a baroreceptor-independent regulator of CVLM neurons, influences glutamatergic inputs to the CVLM. Splanchnic SNA and AP were measured in chloralose-anesthetized, ventilated, paralyzed rats. The infusion of nitropmsside decreased AP below threshold for baroreceptor afferent firing ( splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity; baroreceptor; muscimol; kynurenate; respiratory; caudal ventrolateral medulla; nucleus tractus solitarius