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1. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks.

Author

Mo, Lidong, Crowther, Thomas W, Maynard, Daniel S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Ma, Haozhi, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Phillips, Oliver L, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boonman, Coline CF, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hietz, Peter, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Ecology, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.

Published
2024

5. Upscaling ecological restoration by integrating with agriculture

Author

Brancalion, Pedro HS and Holl, Karen D

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Environmental Sciences, Life on Land, Ecology
Abstract

Transformative change is needed to align common small‐scale ecological restoration approaches with expectations to restore millions of hectares of degraded lands globally. Currently, most restoration projects target small areas using costly manual methods that cannot be scaled up to meet global commitments. We propose that a judicious integration of agricultural practices into ecological restoration offers an opportunity to address this issue. This transformative process relies on three sequential and interconnected steps: (1) ensure that sufficient land is truly available for restoration; (2) compensate for the loss of agricultural production, income, or land value to encourage landholders to opt for restoration; and (3) develop scalable, affordable, and effective methods for restoring native ecosystems across the pledged hundreds of millions of hectares to deliver benefits to both nature and people. Large‐scale terrestrial restoration will require incorporating agronomic practices into the restoration toolbox to go beyond vague, ambitious promises and wishful thinking.

Published
2024

6. A call for practical spatially patterned forest restoration methods

Author

Holl, Karen D, Reid, J Leighton, Zahawi, Rakan A, de Siqueira, Ludmila P, and Brancalion, Pedro HS

Subjects
Ecological Applications, Environmental Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Generic health relevance, applied nucleation, assisted natural regeneration, cost, large-scale restoration, strip planting, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods are promising approaches for scaling up projects to meet ambitious international restoration commitments in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Much of the corresponding literature to date, however, has centered around theoretical discussions and small‐scale studies that are largely divorced from constraints faced by restoration practitioners. We briefly review recent academic literature about applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods and discuss practical challenges to their implementation. We offer several recommendations to move spatially patterned restoration from an academic conversation to scalable application, including: (1) comparing different planting designs and natural regeneration within the same system at an appropriate scale; (2) monitoring ecological outcomes throughout the restored area over sufficient time to evaluate recovery; (3) quantifying costs and documenting other logistical constraints to implementation; and (4) exploring methods for using unplanted areas to provide benefits to landholders until planted vegetation establishes.

Published
2024

7. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author

Hordijk, Iris, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C, Steege, Hans ter, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Gamarra, Javier GP, Chen, Han YH, Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C Adou, Zambrano, Angelica M Almeyda, Alvarado, Braulio V, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clar, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Life on Land, Life Below Water
Abstract

Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?. Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large-scale management and conservation practices.

Published
2024

9. Simple ecological indicators benchmark regeneration success of Amazonian forests

Author

Giles, André L., Schietti, Juliana, Rosenfield, Milena F., Mesquita, Rita C., Vieira, Daniel Luis Mascia, Vieira, Ima C. G., Poorter, Lourens, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Peña-Claros, Marielos, Siqueira, João, Oliveira Junior, Luis, do Espírito-Santo, Mário Marcos, Sarmento, Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros, Ferreira, Joice N., Berenguer, Erika, Barlow, Jos, Elias, Fernando, Cassol, Henrique Luis Godinho, Silva, Richarlly C., Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Medeiros, Natália, Junqueira, André B., Massoca, Paulo, Ferreira, Marciel Jose, Gastauer, Markus, Ferreira, Leandro V., de Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., and Jakovac, Catarina C.

Published
2024
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10. Land-use patterns and fungal bioaerosols in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome

Author

Mantoani, Maurício C., Guerra, Lara C. C., Andrade, Maria F., Dias, Maria A. F. S., Dias, Pedro L. S., Rodrigues, Fábio, Silva, Dulcilena M. C., Filho, Valter Batista Duo, Rudke, Anderson Paulo, Martins, Jorge A., Martins, Leila Droprinchinski, Torezan, José M. D., Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Guillemot, Joannès, Campoe, Otávio C., Phillips, Vaughan, Carotenuto, Federico, Šantl-Temkiv, Tina, Morris, Cindy E., and Gonçalves, Fábio L. T.

Published
2024
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11. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author

Mo, Lidong, Zohner, Constantin M, Reich, Peter B, Liang, Jingjing, de Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Mirzagholi, Leila, Ma, Haozhi, Averill, Colin, Phillips, Oliver L, Gamarra, Javier GP, Hordijk, Iris, Routh, Devin, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, and Jagodziński, Andrzej M

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Ecological Applications, Environmental Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Life on Land, Biodiversity, Carbon, Carbon Sequestration, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Human Activities, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Sustainable Development, Global Warming, Agricultural, Ecosystem, General Science & Technology, Humans, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Abstract

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2-5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6 and satellite-derived approaches2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151-363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.

Published
2023

12. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author

Ma, Haozhi, Crowther, Thomas W, Mo, Lidong, Maynard, Daniel S, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Zou, Yibiao, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinemets, Ülo, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Climate Action, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant biology
Abstract

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

Published
2023

13. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Published
2023

14. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Published
2023

15. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author

Hordijk, Iris, Maynard, Daniel S, Hart, Simon P, Lidong, Mo, ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, C Yves, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio V, Esteban, Alvarez‐Davila, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard C, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clark, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Nestor Laurier, Engone Obiang, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Bin Jung, Il, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johanssen, Vivian, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, and Kenfack, David

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Life Below Water, diversity, ecosystem function and services, evenness, forests, global, productivity, species richness, Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract

1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explained by low evenness in speciose communities. Productivity generally increases with species richness, until reduced evenness limits the overall increases in community diversity. Our research suggests that evenness is a fundamental component of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and is of critical importance for guiding conservation and sustainable ecosystem management decisions.

Published
2023

17. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B, Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean‐François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Gasper, André L, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S, Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R, Mukul, Sharif A, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M, Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Wang, Hua‐Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, and Zhou, Mo

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, biogeography, climate, environmental gradients, functional traits, seed mass, species abundance, specific leaf area, trees, wood density
Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Published
2023

18. Ecosystem restoration job creation potential in Brazil

Author

Brancalion, Pedro HS, de Siqueira, Ludmila Pugliese, Amazonas, Nino T, Rizek, Mayte B, Mendes, Alex F, Santiami, Edson L, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Calmon, Miguel, Benini, Rubens, Tymus, Julio RC, Holl, Karen D, and Chaves, Rafael B

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Environmental Management, Behavioral and Social Science, Decent Work and Economic Growth, ecological restoration, forest restoration, green economy, green jobs, large-scale restoration, restoration economy, restoration socioeconomics, sustainable development
Abstract

Abstract: The central motivation to restore ecosystems at a planetary scale has been to reverse degradation and provide multiple environmental benefits, but key global players like governments may be more interested in social outcomes from undertaking restoration, such as job creation. Assessing the job opportunities stemming from ongoing restoration programmes can leverage additional investments for their implementation and support their long‐term maintenance. Here, we aimed to understand and quantify current and potential ecosystem restoration jobs in Brazil, based on a widely distributed online survey performed in 2020 and led by the main restoration networks in the country. We explored the structure, job distribution and outputs of the national restoration supply chain. At the beginning of 2020, 4713 temporary and 3510 permanent jobs were created, nearly 60% of which were generated by organizations specialized in restoration, mainly from the non‐profit (48%) and private (37%) sectors. Restoration jobs were concentrated in organizations working in one (58%) or two (28%) biomes, and the vast majority were in the Atlantic Forest (85%). Similarly, most restoration jobs were concentrated in the southeast region (61%), with one‐third in the state of São Paulo. This geographical distribution was more strongly associated with the states' GDP than with the legal deficit of native vegetation area. Nearly 20% of the restoration jobs were terminated during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. We estimate that restoration activities can generate 0.42 jobs per hectare undergoing restoration, which could potentially create 1.0–2.5 million direct jobs through the implementation of Brazil's target of restoring 12 million hectares. We conclude by reinforcing the value of ecosystem restoration in promoting economic development and job creation, which can be crucial to promote countries' effective engagement in the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. We also highlight the critical role of grassroots organizations to maximize restoration opportunities for socioeconomic development during the post‐pandemic economic recovery. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2022

19. Guiding transdisciplinary synthesis processes for social-ecological policy decisions

Author

Metzger, Jean Paul, Joly, Carlos, Sparovek, Gerd, Pardini, Renata, Ruggiero, Patricia, di Giulio, Gabriela, Azevedo, Cristina, Boscolo, Danilo, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Carrascosa, Helena, Carvalho, Raquel, Ferreira, Luciana Schwandner, Gerard, Alexandre, Hohlenwerger, Camila, Igari, Alexandre, Krainovic, Pedro Medrado, Moreira, Eduardo Freitas, Nascimento, Nathalia, Ortega, Juliana, Nalon, Marco Aurelio, Pinter, Adriano, Prist, Paula, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Sousa e Silva, Lucia, de Sousa, Fernando Henrique, Tourinho, Luara, Victor, Rodrigo A.B.M., and Chaves, Rafael B.

Published
2024
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20. Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration

Author

Holl, Karen D, Luong, Justin C, and Brancalion, Pedro HS

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Genetics, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, diversity conservation, gamma-diversity, habitat heterogeneity, reintroduction, rewilding, Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Extensive evidence shows that regional (gamma) diversity is often lower across restored landscapes than in reference landscapes, in part due to common restoration practices that favor widespread species through selection of easily-grown species with high survival and propagation practices that reduce genetic diversity. We discuss approaches to counteract biotic homogenization, such as reintroducing species that are adapted to localized habitat conditions and are unlikely to colonize naturally; periodically reintroducing propagules from remnant populations to increase genetic diversity; and reintroducing higher trophic level fauna to restore interaction networks and processes that promote habitat heterogeneity. Several policy changes would also increase regional diversity; these include regional coordination amongst restoration groups, financial incentives to organizations producing conservation-valued species, and experimental designations for rare species introductions.

Published
2022

21. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests.

Author

Jakovac, Catarina, Meave, Jorge, Bongers, Frans, Letcher, Susan, Dupuy, Juan, Piotto, Daniel, Rozendaal, Danaë, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Craven, Dylan, Santos, Braulio, Siminski, Alexandre, Fantini, Alfredo, Rodrigues, Alice, Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, Idárraga, Alvaro, Junqueira, André, Zambrano, Angelica, de Jong, Ben, Pinho, Bruno, Finegan, Bryan, Castellano-Castro, Carolina, Zambiazi, Daisy, Dent, Daisy, García, Daniel, Kennard, Deborah, Delgado, Diego, Broadbent, Eben, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Pérez-García, Eduardo, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Berenguer, Erika, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, de Sá Sampaio, Everardo, Melo, Felipe, Elias, Fernando, França, Filipe, Oberleitner, Florian, Mora, Francisco, Williamson, G, Colletta, Gabriel, Cabral, George, Derroire, Géraldine, Fernandes, Geraldo, van der Wal, Hans, Teixeira, Heitor, Vester, Henricus, García, Hernando, Vieira, Ima, Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene, Hall, Jefferson, Chave, Jerome, Zimmerman, Jess, Nieto, Jhon, Ferreira, Joice, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Ruíz, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Aguilar-Cano, José, Hernández-Stefanoni, José, Engel, Julien, Becknell, Justin, Zanini, Kátia, Lohbeck, Madelon, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Romero-Romero, Marco, Uriarte, Maria, Veloso, Maria, Espírito-Santo, Mário, van der Sande, Masha, van Breugel, Michiel, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Schwartz, Naomi, Norden, Natalia, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, González-Valdivia, Noel, Petronelli, Pascal, Balvanera, Patricia, Massoca, Paulo, Brancalion, Pedro, Villa, Pedro, Hietz, Peter, Ostertag, Rebecca, López-Camacho, René, César, Ricardo, Mesquita, Rita, Chazdon, Robin, Muñoz, Rodrigo, DeWalt, Saara, Müller, Sandra, Durán, Sandra, Martins, Sebastião, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Rodríguez-Buritica, Susana, Aide, T, Bentos, Tony, de S Moreno, Vanessa, Granda, Vanessa, and Thomas, Wayt

Abstract

Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.

Published
2022

24. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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29. Assessing evidence on the impacts of nature-based interventions for climate change mitigation: a systematic map of primary and secondary research from subtropical and tropical terrestrial regions

Author

Cheng, Samantha H., Costedoat, Sebastien, Sigouin, Amanda, Calistro, Gabriel F., Chamberlain, Catherine J., Lichtenthal, Peter, Mills, Morena, Nowakowski, A. Justin, Sterling, Eleanor J., Tinsman, Jen, Wiggins, Meredith, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Canty, Steven W. J., Fritts-Penniman, Allison, Jagadish, Arundhati, Jones, Kelly, Mascia, Michael B., Porzecanski, Ana, Zganjar, Chris, and Brenes, Carlos L. Muñoz

Published
2023
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30. Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

Author

Brancalion, Pedro HS and Holl, Karen D

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Management, Zoology, Environmental Sciences, afforestation, carbon stock, climate change mitigation, ecosystem services, forest landscape restoration, forest restoration, forestry, reforestation, Ecological Applications, Environmental Science and Management, Environmental management
Abstract

A growing number of initiatives at global, regional and national scales propose to plant millions, billions or even trillions of trees as a simple solution to resolve complex environmental problems. However, tree planting is much more complicated than it seems. We summarize the multifaceted decision‐making process needed and offer guidelines to increase the success of the proposed ambitious efforts to increase tree cover world‐wide. Given the varied definitions of and motivations for tree planting, it is critical that stakeholders work together to clearly define the biophysical and socioeconomic goals of each project. Then a series of questions must be addressed about where and how (e.g. planting trees vs. allowing for natural forest regrowth) to most effectively achieve these goals and minimize unintended negative consequences, as well as how, when and by whom success of efforts will be evaluated. Key guidelines to successfully increase tree cover include: (a) first addressing the underlying drivers of deforestation; (b) integrating decision‐making across scales from local to global; (c) tailoring tree planting strategies to clearly stated project goals and planning, adaptively managing and evaluating success over a sufficiently long timeframe; (d) focusing on the forest ecosystem as a whole, and not just the trees; (e) coordinating different land uses and (f) involving stakeholders at all stages of the planning process. Synthesis and applications. Tree planting, along with other strategies to increase tree cover in appropriate locations and contexts, can make a valuable contribution to ensuring the ecological and social well‐being of our planet in coming decades, but only if these efforts are considered as one component of multifaceted solutions to complex environmental problems and are carefully planned, implemented and monitored over a sufficiently long time‐scale with stakeholder engagement and broader consideration of socio‐ecological complexities.

Published
2020

31. Tree planting is not a simple solution

Author

Holl, Karen D and Brancalion, Pedro HS

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Environmental Sciences, Life on Land, Climate Action, Climate Change, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Extinction, Biological, Trees, Water Resources, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Tree planting must be carefully planned and implemented to achieve desired outcomes

Published
2020

35. Distinguishing forest types in restored tropical landscapes with UAV-borne LIDAR

Author

Scheeres, Janneke, de Jong, Johan, Brede, Benjamin, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben Noth, Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda, Gorgens, Eric Bastos, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Valbuena, Ruben, Molin, Paulo, Stark, Scott, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Santoro, Giulio Brossi, Resende, Angélica Faria, de Almeida, Catherine Torres, and de Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves

Published
2023
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36. Correction: The number of tree species on Earth

Author

Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Reich, Peter B., Gamarra, Javier G. P., Crowther, Tom, Hui, Cang, Morera, Albert, Bastin, Jean-Francois, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Merow, Cory, Enquist, Brian, Kamenetsky, Maria, Lee, Junho, Zhu, Jun, Fang, Jinyun, Jacobs, Douglass F., Pijanowski, Bryan, Banerjee, Arindam, Giaquinto, Robert A., Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Avitabileee, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Balazy, Radomir, Baraloto, Chris, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brearley, Francis Q., Broadbent, Eben North, Bussotti, Filippo, da Silva, Wendeson Castro, César, Ricardo Gomes, Češljar, Goran, Moscoso, Víctor Chama, Chen, Han Y. H., Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Coomes, David A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Dee, Laura E., Pasquel, Jhon Del Aguila, Derroire, Géraldine, Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Đorđević, Ilija Đ., Engel, Julien, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Fridman, Jonas K., Harris, David J., Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Ibanez, Thomas, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Jucker, Tommaso, Kangur, Ahto, Karminov, Victor N., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Khare, Pramod Kumar, Kileen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kumar, Amit, Kumar, Ashwani, Laarmann, Diana, Labrière, Nicolas, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Martynenko, Olga V., Mendoza, Abel L. Monteagudo, Ontikov, Petr V., Ortiz-Malavas, Edgar, Camacho, Nadir C. Pallqui, Paquette, Alain, Park, Minjee, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo Luis, Petronelli, Pascal, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piotto, Daniel, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles, Rocío, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Šebeň, Vladimír, Silveira, Marcos, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof Jan, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Tchebakova, Nadja, Terborgh, John, Tikhonova, Elena, Torres-Lezama, Armando, van der Plas, Fons, Vásquez, Rodolfo, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Hua-Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, White, Lee J. T., Wiser, Susan K., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zemagho, Lise, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., and Liang, Jingjing

Published
2022

37. The number of tree species on Earth

Author

Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Reich, Peter B., Gamarra, Javier G. P., Crowther, Tom, Hui, Cang, Morera, Albert, Bastin, Jean-Francois, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Merow, Cory, Enquist, Brian, Kamenetsky, Maria, Lee, Junho, Zhu, Jun, Fang, Jinyun, Jacobs, Douglass F., Pijanowski, Bryan, Banerjee, Arindam, Giaquinto, Robert A., Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Avitabileee, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Balazy, Radomir, Baraloto, Chris, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brearley, Francis Q., Broadbent, Eben North, Bussotti, Filippo, da Silva, Wendeson Castro, César, Ricardo Gomes, Češljar, Goran, Moscoso, Víctor Chama, Chen, Han Y. H., Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Coomes, David A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Dee, Laura E., Pasquel, Jhon Del Aguila, Derroire, Géraldine, Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Đorđević, Ilija Đ., Engel, Julien, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Fridman, Jonas K., Harris, David J., Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Ibanez, Thomas, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Jucker, Tommaso, Kangur, Ahto, Karminov, Victor N., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Khare, Pramod Kumar, Kileen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kumar, Amit, Kumar, Ashwani, Laarmann, Diana, Labrière, Nicolas, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Martynenko, Olga V., Mendoza, Abel L. Monteagudo, Ontikov, Petr V., Ortiz-Malavas, Edgar, Camacho, Nadir C. Pallqui, Paquette, Alain, Park, Minjee, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo Luis, Petronelli, Pascal, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piotto, Daniel, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles, Rocío, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Šebeň, Vladimír, Silveira, Marcos, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof Jan, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Tchebakova, Nadja, Terborgh, John, Tikhonova, Elena, Torres-Lezama, Armando, van der Plas, Fons, Vásquez, Rodolfo, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Hua-Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, White, Lee J. T., Wiser, Susan K., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zemagho, Lise, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., and Liang, Jingjing

Published
2022

40. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author

Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Jacobs, Douglass F., Reich, Peter B., Crowther, Thomas W., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Fang, Jingyun, Woodall, Christopher W., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Jucker, Tommaso, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Wiser, Susan K., Slik, Ferry, Hérault, Bruno, Alberti, Giorgio, Keppel, Gunnar, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Ibisch, Pierre L., Silva, Carlos A., ter Steege, Hans, Peri, Pablo L., Coomes, David A., Searle, Eric B., von Gadow, Klaus, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Abbasi, Akane O., Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C. Adou, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda, Altman, Jan, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Alves, Luciana F., Amani, Bienvenu H. K., Amani, Christian A., Ammer, Christian, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Azihou, Akomian F., Baard, Johan A., Baker, Timothy R., Balazy, Radomir, Bastian, Meredith L., Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Benu, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Briseno-Reyes, Jaime, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bulte, Erwin, Catlin, Ann Christine, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Colletta, Gabriel D., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Cuchietti, Anibal, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dar, Javid A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, Delabye, Sylvain, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Diisi, John, Do, Tran Van, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Durrheim, Graham P., Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Eyre, Teresa J., Fayle, Tom M., Feunang, Lethicia Flavine N., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, de Gasper, André L., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, Maria Socorro, Gorenstein, Lev, Habonayo, Richard, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Hubau, Wannes, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Imani, Gerard, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Janecek, Stepan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jumbam, Blaise, Kabelong, Banoho L. P. R., Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin N., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kigomo, John N., Kim, Hyun Seok, Klauberg, Carine, Klomberg, Yannick, Korjus, Henn, Kothandaraman, Subashree, Kraxner, Florian, Kumar, Amit, Kuswandi, Relawan, Lang, Mait, Lawes, Michael J., Leite, Rodrigo V., Lentner, Geoffrey, Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, Pablito Marcelo, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Lykke, Anne Mette, Maicher, Vincent, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Mbayu, Faustin M., Mbuvi, Musingo T. E., Meave, Jorge A., Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Moreno, Vanessa S., Morera, Albert, Mukul, Sharif A., Müller, Jörg C., Murdjoko, Agustinus, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Ndive, Litonga Elias, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Nforbelie, Louis N., Ngoh, Michael L., N’Guessan, Anny E., Ngugi, Michael R., Ngute, Alain S. K., Njila, Emile Narcisse N., Nyako, Melanie C., Ochuodho, Thomas O., Oleksyn, Jacek, Paquette, Alain, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pollastrini, Martina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro, Saikia, Purabi, Sainge, Moses Nsanyi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Salis, Antonello, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sellan, Giacomo, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Sundarapandian, Somaiah, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Mike D., Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Trethowan, Liam A., Tropek, Robert, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Umunay, Peter Mbanda, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Vaglio Laurin, Gaia, Valentini, Riccardo, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Vega-Nieva, Daniel José, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone A., Vleminckx, Jason, Waite, Catherine E., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wasingya, Eric Katembo, Wekesa, Chemuku, Westerlund, Bertil, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Xiao, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Hui, Cang

Published
2022
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41. Forest Restoration

Author

Resende, Angélica F., primary, Krainovic, Pedro M., additional, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., additional, Weidlich, Emanuela W.A., additional, Rodrigues, Ricardo R., additional, Strassburg, Bernardo, additional, and Loyola, Rafael, additional

Published
2023
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42. Exotic eucalypts: From demonized trees to allies of tropical forest restoration?

Author

Brancalion, Pedro HS, Amazonas, Nino T, Chazdon, Robin L, Melis, Juliano, Rodrigues, Ricardo R, Silva, Carina C, Sorrini, Taísi B, and Holl, Karen D

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Ecological Applications, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Atlantic forest, ecological restoration, Eucalyptus, forest and landscape restoration, large-scale restoration, natural regeneration, restoration costs, restoration economy, Environmental Science and Management, Zoology, Environmental management
Abstract

International forest landscape restoration commitments have promoted the restoration of millions of hectares of degraded and deforested lands globally, but few forest restoration approaches provide both ecologically‐sound and financially‐viable solutions for achieving the spatial scale proposed. One potential revenue source for restoration is selective harvesting of timber, a product for which there is a clear global market and increasing demand. The use of commercially valuable exotic trees may attract farmers to restoration, but can be a major concern for ecologists. Here, we present results collected over 7 years from experimental studies at three sites across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to assess the impacts of incorporating exotic eucalypts as a transitional stage in tropical forest restoration on above‐ground biomass accumulation, native woody species regeneration and financial viability. Biomass accumulation was nine times greater in mixed eucalypt‐native species plantations than native only plantings due to fast eucalypt growth. Nonetheless, the growth of native non‐pioneer trees was not affected or only slightly reduced by eucalypts prior to logging. Eucalypts did not negatively affect the natural regeneration of native woody species before or after eucalypt logging. Canopy cover regrew quickly but was slightly lower a year following logging in mixed eucalypt‐native species plantations. Natural regeneration richness and planted non‐pioneer growth were similar across treatments in the post‐logging period. We found higher variation of biomass accumulation and native species regeneration among sites than between plantation types within sites. The income from eucalypt wood production offset 44%–75% of restoration implementation costs. Synthesis and applications. Many of the negative effects attributed to eucalypts on the growth and natural regeneration of native trees depend on features of the production system, landscape structure, soil, and climate in which they are grown, rather than the effects of eucalypts per se. In Brazil's Atlantic Forest region, exotic eucalypts can become important allies of tropical forest restoration, and their use and investment opportunities should be considered within the portfolio of options supported by public and private funding and policies.

Published
2020

43. What makes ecosystem restoration expensive? A systematic cost assessment of projects in Brazil

Author

Brancalion, Pedro HS, Meli, Paula, Tymus, Julio RC, Lenti, Felipe EB, Benini, Rubens M, Silva, Ana Paula M, Isernhagen, Ingo, and Holl, Karen D

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering, Cost Effectiveness Research, Ecosystem restoration, Forest restoration, Large-scale restoration, Restoration costs, Restoration economy, Restoration financing, Restoration methods, Restoration policy, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Zoology, Environmental management
Published
2019

44. Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, Almeida, de Jarcilene S., Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Becknell, Justin M., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Santo, Mário M. Espírito, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernandez-Stefanoni, Jose Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Kennardb, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcherd, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Oliveira, Rafael S., Paz, Horacio, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Utrera, Luis P., van Breugel, Michiel, van der Sande, Masha T., Veloso, Maria D. M., Wright, S. Joseph, Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess K., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2021

45. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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46. Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests.

Author

Rozendaal, Danaë MA, Bongers, Frans, Aide, T Mitchell, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Ascarrunz, Nataly, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M, Bentos, Tony V, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Cabral, George AL, Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jerome, César, Ricardo G, Chazdon, Robin L, Condit, Richard, Dallinga, Jorn S, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S, de Jong, Ben, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Denslow, Julie S, Dent, Daisy H, DeWalt, Saara J, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M, Dutrieux, Loïc P, Espírito-Santo, Mario M, Fandino, María C, Fernandes, G Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, García, Hernando, Gonzalez, Noel, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hubbell, Stephen, Jakovac, Catarina C, Hernández, Alma Johanna, Junqueira, André B, Kennard, Deborah, Larpin, Denis, Letcher, Susan G, Licona, Juan-Carlos, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Massoca, Paulo ES, Meave, Jorge A, Mesquita, Rita CG, Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C, Muñoz, Rodrigo, de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Norden, Natalia, Nunes, Yule RF, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pérez-García, Eduardo A, Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S, Aguilar-Cano, José, Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, de Almeida, Arlete Silva, Silver, Whendee L, Schwartz, Naomi B, Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, de Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Veloso, Maria DM, Vester, Hans FM, Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima CG, Villa, Pedro, Williamson, G Bruce, Zanini, Kátia J, Zimmerman, Jess, and Poorter, Lourens

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Tropical Climate, Geography, Forests
Abstract

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

Published
2019

47. Legume abundance along successional and rainfall gradients in Neotropical forests

Author

Gei, Maga, Rozendaal, Danaë MA, Poorter, Lourens, Bongers, Frans, Sprent, Janet I, Garner, Mira D, Aide, T Mitchell, Andrade, José Luis, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Cabral, George AL, César, Ricardo Gomes, Chazdon, Robin L, Cole, Rebecca J, Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, de Jong, Ben, Denslow, Julie S, Dent, Daisy H, DeWalt, Saara J, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M, do Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Fernandes, G Wilson, Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Junqueira, André B, Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G, Lohbeck, Madelon, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A, Menge, Duncan NL, Mora, Francisco, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Orihuela-Belmonte, Edith, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pérez-García, Eduardo A, Piotto, Daniel, Reich, Peter B, Reyes-García, Casandra, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Romero-Pérez, I Eunice, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Schwartz, Naomi B, de Almeida, Arlete Silva, Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S, Silver, Whendee, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Sullivan, Benjamin W, Swenson, Nathan G, Uriarte, Maria, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Veloso, Maria das Dores Magalhães, Vester, Hans FM, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Zimmerman, Jess K, and Powers, Jennifer S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Central America, Fabaceae, Forests, Population Density, Puerto Rico, Rain, South America, Trees, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

The nutrient demands of regrowing tropical forests are partly satisfied by nitrogen-fixing legume trees, but our understanding of the abundance of those species is biased towards wet tropical regions. Here we show how the abundance of Leguminosae is affected by both recovery from disturbance and large-scale rainfall gradients through a synthesis of forest inventory plots from a network of 42 Neotropical forest chronosequences. During the first three decades of natural forest regeneration, legume basal area is twice as high in dry compared with wet secondary forests. The tremendous ecological success of legumes in recently disturbed, water-limited forests is likely to be related to both their reduced leaflet size and ability to fix N2, which together enhance legume drought tolerance and water-use efficiency. Earth system models should incorporate these large-scale successional and climatic patterns of legume dominance to provide more accurate estimates of the maximum potential for natural nitrogen fixation across tropical forests.

Published
2018

48. Large scale multi-layer fuel load characterization in tropical savanna using GEDI spaceborne lidar data

Author

Leite, Rodrigo Vieira, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Broadbent, Eben North, Amaral, Cibele Hummel do, Liesenberg, Veraldo, Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves de, Mohan, Midhun, Godinho, Sérgio, Cardil, Adrian, Hamamura, Caio, Faria, Bruno Lopes de, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Hirsch, André, Marcatti, Gustavo Eduardo, Dalla Corte, Ana Paula, Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda, Costa, Máira Beatriz Teixeira da, Matricardi, Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli, Silva, Anne Laura da, Goya, Lucas Ruggeri Ré Y., Valbuena, Ruben, Mendonça, Bruno Araujo Furtado de, Silva Junior, Celso H.L., Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., García, Mariano, Liang, Jingjing, Merrick, Trina, Hudak, Andrew T., Xiao, Jingfeng, Hancock, Steven, Duncason, Laura, Ferreira, Matheus Pinheiro, Valle, Denis, Saatchi, Sassan, and Klauberg, Carine

Published
2022
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50. Reply to: The risks of overstating the climate benefits of ecosystem restoration

Author

Strassburg, Bernardo B. N., Iribarrem, Alvaro, Beyer, Hawthorne L., Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro, Crouzeilles, Renato, Jakovac, Catarina, Junqueira, André Braga, Lacerda, Eduardo, Latawiec, Agnieszka E., Balmford, Andrew, Brooks, Thomas M., Butchart, Stuart H. M., Chazdon, Robin L., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Brancalion, Pedro, Buchanan, Graeme, Cooper, David, Díaz, Sandra, Donald, Paul F., Kapos, Valerie, Leclère, David, Miles, Lera, Obersteiner, Michael, Plutzar, Christoph, Scaramuzza, Carlos Alberto de M., Scarano, Fabio R., and Visconti, Piero

Published
2022
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