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Piero Calamandrei has been one of the most prominent figures of the 19th century in the study and in the practice of law. His legal thought can be fully appreciated only keeping into consideration the two fundamental aspects of his career: the academic investigation and his activity as a lawyer, the theoretical speculation on the legal doctrine and his legal practice meant in its most noble intent of search for justice. Since his earliest university works, it emerges Calamandrei’s constant desire to go beyond the formalism of the legal process, the inclination to see in the rules of the trial not only the technicalities necessary to the correct development of the procedure but a way through which respect for legality and legal certainty are granted. Lastly, with the end of World War II and of the Fascist dictatorship, Piero Calamandrei will recognize in the trial the most appropriate instrument to realize a new legality in substantive terms which is necessary to grant the effective implementation of the Constitutional rights and freedoms

As the world moves away from fossil fuels and embraces sustainable energy sources, the need for sustainable fuels for transportation becomes paramount. This study investigates the effects of pyrolysis oil derived from cassava peel waste (CPO), hydrogen (H), and diesel (D) blends as a partial substitute for low-displacement compression ignition engines. We tested three blends – CPO25, CPO25H5, and CPO25H10 – against neat diesel operation at engine speeds of 3400 rpm, 3600 rpm, and 3800 rpm and torques of 4 Nm, 6 Nm, and 8 Nm. Our findings reveal that while energy efficiency decreased with CPO25 compared to D100 operation, adding H2 increased energy efficiency. The highest increase was 7.8 % for CPO25H5 and 16 % for CPO25H10 compared to CPO25. Exergy efficiency also decreased with CPO25 compared to D100, but adding H2 compensated for this reduction. The highest increase was 8.0 % for CPO25H5 and 17 % for CPO25H10 compared to D100. CPO25H10 showed an increase of 8.1 % in combustion pressure and 9.9 % in heat release rate compared to CPO25. Emissions analysis also revealed that CO emissions were considerably lower with CPO and H2 than with D100, with the highest decrease of 11 % with CPO25H10. CO2 and hydrocarbon emissions followed the same trend as CO. Although NOx emissions slightly increased, the benefits of using pyrolysis oil-H2-diesel blends as a partial substitution fuel for low-displacement compression ignition engines are evident.

This article aims to explain the conservation mechanisms of a community to protect village forests; and how actors can create communities that maintain the value of forests as spaces for life's needs. This article focuses on ethnobotanical knowledge (especially medicines), transmission, healing practices, and forest protection mechanisms. The relationship between these four things is a story of sustainable conservation, both in-situ and ex-situ. This mechanism turns out to be related to mythology, sacredness, and sacred areas. This phenomenon was found in Karonese, Daulu Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The cognitive anthropology approach with the concept of culture in mind becomes an important tool for analyzing how knowledge is constructed and transmitted. Ethnographic research methods with an emic approach, participant observation, in-depth interviews with key informants, and completeness of filed notes are one way to capture the native point of view. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively through ongoing analysis. The conclusion of the study found that the capacity of actors, especially healers, and the transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge, especially medicines, and the survival of mythological stories and values about sacred areas have consequences for the sustainability of conservation of what they call the kerangen kuta or village forest.

Phyllodes Tumor is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm that represents 0.3 to 1% of all breast neoplasms. According to histopathologic classification, 12 to 26% are borderline type and approximately 15% of these tumors recur after surgical excision. The recommended treatment for all types of Phyllodes Tumor is surgical excision, and in the case of giant tumors, the treatment should be multidisciplinary. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a Phyllodes Tumor in the left breast that recurred 4 years after surgical excision. The anatomopathological study qualified it as a giant tumor and the histopathological study reported a Borderline Phyllodes Tumor. She underwent surgical excision with a left mastectomy and breast reconstruction employing a latissimus dorsi flap plus fat graft. The patient presented a favorable evolution without recurrence. In conclusion, the Recurrent Giant Borderline Phyllodes tumor is rare and its surgical management represents a challenge both in breast excision and reconstruction.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder in which tumors form in the nervous system (neurofibromas). Neurofibromas are the most common benign tumors in NF1. The type, size, number, and location of the neurofibromas should be considered for the choice of treatment. We present a case of NF1, in which a wide scalp resection was performed due to the presence of multiple neurofibromas. Associated with this, reconstruction was performed with advancement flaps plus partial skin autograft with favorable results and good coverage of the areas where the tumors were removed.

BackgroundThe prevalence of hypertension in Peru has increased over the years. Approximately one third of the Peruvian population lives at high altitudes. This population presents particular physiological, genetic and environmental characteristics that could be related to the prevalence of hypertension and its subtypes.ObjectiveTo assess the association between altitude and hypertension in the Peruvian population through an analysis of a nationally representative survey.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey for the period 2016-2019. We included 122,336 individuals aged 18 years and older. Hypertension was defined according to the JNC-7 guidelines. High-altitude location was defined as a residential cluster located above 2,500 meters above sea level. We utilized generalized linear models from the Poisson family with a log-link function to assess the magnitude of the association between high altitude and hypertension. Additionally, we employed multinomial regression models to analyze the association between high altitude and subtypes of hypertension, including isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH).ResultsIn the adjusted Poisson regression model, we found that the prevalence of hypertension among participants living at high altitudes was lower compared to those living at low altitudes (aPR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93). In the adjusted multinomial regression model, we observed a lower prevalence rate of ISH among participants residing at high altitudes (aRPR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.61-0.73) and a higher prevalence rate of IDH among participants residing at high altitudes (aRPR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.32-1.94).ConclusionsResidents at high altitudes in Peru have a lower prevalence rate of ISH and a higher prevalence rate of IDH compared to those living at low altitudes. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of other biological, environmental, and healthcare access factors on this relationship.

Abstract We study the eikonal scattering of two gravitationally interacting bodies, in the regime of large angular momentum and large center of mass energy. We show that eikonal exponentiation of the scattering phase matrix is a direct consequence of the group contraction SU(2) → ISO(2), from rotations to the isometries of the plane, in the large angular momentum limit. We extend it to all orders in the scattering angle, and for all masses and spins. The emergence of the classical limit is understood in terms of the continuous-spin representations admitted by ISO(2). We further investigate the competing classical vs quantum corrections to the leading classical eikonal scattering, and find several interesting examples where quantum corrections are more important than Post-Minkowskian’s. As a case of study, we analyse the scattering of a photon off a massless neutral scalar field, up to next-to-leading order in the Newton constant, and to leading order in the fine structure constant. We investigate the causal structure of the eikonal regime and establish an infinite set of non-linear positivity bounds, of which positivity of time delay is the simplest.

AbstractSince the mid-1990s, the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has taken a social turn which acknowledges the role that social interaction plays in second language (L2) learning. Since then, extensive scholarship has used a multimodal perspective as well as alternative SLA approaches to explore L2 through classroom interaction. Even though multimodal grounded studies have analyzed fine-grained learning processes and conceive interaction as the driving force for learning, most of them have analyzed one single mode of interaction, thus, running short to integratively explore L2 classroom interaction. We draw from Socio-Cognitive Theory (SCG) to describe the trajectory in which an EFL pre-service teacher positioned an English only policy in the L2 classroom and how he and his beginning learners progressively aligned to it. SCG is an ecological L2 approach that conceives learning as the process through which humans adapt and align their minds and bodies to the eco-social world. Multimodal microanalysis of video and audio recorded segments serve to identify the diverse human and non-human semiotic modes, affordances, and natural pedagogy tools used to create and afford learning opportunities in this English lesson. Findings revealed how the “coordinated interaction” co-constructed in the lesson facilitated students’ alignment in this ecological environment, thus, contributing to the understanding of instructions, the identification of lexical items, and language production. We also discuss the implications of these trajectories for limiting students’ critical engagement in social issues related to equity and diversity.

Anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab can be used to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by halting the formation of abnormal blood vessels, or lasers can be used to burn the edges of the retina where these vessels are present. The objective is to compare the efficacy for ROP between ranibizumab and laser therapy.Material and methodsElectronic searches will be carried out in medical databases with key words and controlled vocabulary terms. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be assessed. The primary outcome will be the full ROP regression. Two reviewers will extract the data using predefined forms and, to assess the quality of the study, we will use RoB 2.0, the tool for randomized controlled trials developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. We used a combination of the inverse-variance approach and random-effects models for the meta-analysis.ResultsThe eyes of 182 preterm infants who had ranibizumab treatment were assessed in a total of 364 eyes, and 135 infants received laser therapy. The follow-up period was between 6 and 24 months. Ranibizumab was not associated with greater regression of ROP compared to laser therapy in preterm infants (RR: 1.09, CI 95%: 0.95–1.24; p: 0.22). Also, ranibizumab was not associated with recurrence of ROP compared to laser therapy in preterm infants (RR: 3.77, CI 95%: 0.55–25.81; p: 0.22).ConclusionsThe efficacy of ranibizumab compared to laser is very uncertain in terms of ROP regression and decreased ROP recurrence in preterm infants.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier PROSPERO (CRD42022324150).

Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. It has variable clinical courses depending on the stage and clinical-biological features. This case report describes a 56-year-old female with invasive breast cancer without estrogen or progesterone receptor expression, with apocrine differentiation, and with no germline variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Throughout the clinical course, the patient exhibited discordant results for HER2 in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. During the second relapse, the disease displayed apocrine microscopic features. The tumor underwent analysis for the androgen receptor, GCDFP-15, RNA-seq, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the breast cancer subtype and to characterize the cancer genome. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed 20,323 somatic SNV/Indels, including five mutations in cancer-related genes that are believed to be responsible for the tumor’s development. Two of these mutations were found in the PIK3CA and TP53 genes. Furthermore, the tumor tissue exhibited large copy number alterations to the chromosomes, which could impact gene expression through complex mechanisms and contribute to the tumor phenotype. Clustering algorithms applied on RNA-sequencing data categorized this cancer as a HER2+ subtype. The second-line capecitabine chemotherapy treatment is ongoing, and the patient is responding well. Bioinformatic results support the current treatment decision and open the way to further treatments.

Emerging organic light‐emitting devices, such as light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), offer a multitude of advantages but currently suffer from that most efficient phosphorescent emitters are based on expensive and rare metals. Herein, it is demonstrated that a rare metal‐free salt, bis(benzyltriphenylphosphonium)tetrabromidomanganate(II) ([Ph3PBn]2[MnBr4]), can function as the phosphorescent emitter in an LEC, and that a careful device design results in the fact that such a rare metal‐free phosphorescent LEC delivers broadband white emission with a high color rendering index (CRI) of 89. It is further shown that broadband emission is effectuated by an electric‐field‐driven structural transformation of the original green‐light emitter structure into a red‐emitting structure.

Abstract The biogeographical ancestry (BGA) of a trace or a person/skeleton refers to the component of ethnicity, constituted of biological and cultural elements, that is biologically determined. Nowadays, many individuals are interested in exploring their genealogy, and the capability to distinguish biogeographic information about population groups and subgroups via DNA analysis plays an essential role in several fields such as in forensics. In fact, for investigative and intelligence purposes, it is beneficial to inference the biogeographical origins of perpetrators of crimes or victims of unsolved cold cases when no reference profile from perpetrators or database hits for comparative purposes are available. Current approaches for biogeographical ancestry estimation using SNPs data are usually based on PCA and Structure software. The present study provides an alternative method that involves multivariate data analysis and machine learning strategies to evaluate BGA discriminating power of unknown samples using different commercial panels. Starting from 1000 Genomes project, Simons Genome Diversity Project and Human Genome Diversity Project datasets involving African, American, Asian, European and Oceania individuals, and moving towards further and more geographically restricted populations, powerful multivariate techniques such as Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and machine learning techniques such as XGBoost were employed, and their discriminating power was compared. PLS-DA method provided more robust classifications than XGBoost method, showing that the adopted approach might be an interesting tool for forensic experts to infer BGA information from the DNA profile of unknown individuals, but also highlighting that the commercial forensic panels could be inadequate to discriminate populations at intra-continental level.

Abstract We study causality in gravitational systems beyond the classical limit. Using on-shell methods, we consider the 1-loop corrections from charged particles to the photon energy-momentum tensor — the self-stress — that controls the quantum interaction between two on-shell photons and one off-shell graviton. The self-stress determines in turn the phase shift and time delay in the scattering of photons against a spectator particle of any spin in the eikonal regime. We show that the sign of the β-function associated to the running gauge coupling is related to the sign of time delay at small impact parameter. Our results show that, at first post-Minkowskian order, asymptotic causality, where the time delay experienced by any particle must be positive, is respected quantum mechanically. Contrasted with asymptotic causality, we explore a local notion of causality, where the time delay is longer than the one of gravitons, which is seemingly violated by quantum effects.

Albeit tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) and its derivatives are prominent emitter materials for organic lighting devices, and the optical transitions occur among ligand‐centered states, the use of metal‐free 8‐hydroxyquinoline is impractical as it suffers from strong nonradiative quenching, mainly through fast proton transfer. Herein, it is shown that the problem of rapid proton exchange and vibration quenching of light emission can be overcome not only by complexation, but also by organization of the 8‐hydroxyquinolinium cations into a solid rigid network with appropriate counter‐anions (here bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). The resulting structure is stiffened by secondary bonding interactions such as π‐stacking and hydrogen bonds, which efficiently block rapid proton transfer quenching and reduce vibrational deactivation. Additionally, the optical properties are tuned through methyl substitution from deep blue (455 nm) to blue‐green (488 nm). Time‐dependent density functional theory (TDFT) calculations reveal the emission to occur from which an unexpectedly long‐lived S1 level, unusual for organic fluorophores. All compounds show comparable, even superior photoluminescence compared to Alq3 and related materials, both as solids and thin films with quantum yields (QYs) up to 40–50%. In addition, all compounds show appreciable thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 310 °C.

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Inventory for the Identification and Analysis of Psychosocial Risk Factors (IIA-PRF) of Reference Guide III proposed in NOM-035-STPS-2018. A total of 2,149 workers in Baja California, Mexico’s industrial and education-government sectors, were administered an online inventory version. Preliminary analyses were performed, as well as a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) based on two models proposed by the standard itself: an eight-factor model (8-FM) and a four-factor model (4-FM). Likewise, based on the results and with the recommendations of the specialists, a threefactor model (3-FM) was proposed. In addition, nested model sequencing methods were subsequently applied to validate the invariance between the origin of the activity. The dimensionality of 3-FM was found to have adequate fit values according to a-priori established criteria. It is concluded that the IIAPRF does not have the reliability and validity parameters necessary to support interpretations, uses and consequences based on the theoretical structure established by NOM-035-STPS-2018 and that, although the 3-FM presents better reliability and validity indices, it is not invariant in terms of the origin of the activity. Finally, we discuss the implications and recommend reviewing and adjusting the design of the IIAPRF items to extend the measurement of invariance to other groups of relevance for decision making in the improvement of the work environment.

Background and aimPatients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfectionMethodsWe searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 2020 and 2021. We included observational studies evaluating the immune response in patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 compared to patients with COVID-19 alone.ResultsFour cross-sectional studies (372 participants) were identified. In patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis (LTBI), increased cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and humoral responses were found. In addition, patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and LTBI had higher leukocytes counts and less inflammation. Regarding patients with COVID-19 and active tuberculosis (aTB), they exhibited decreased total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T cells specific against SARS-CoV-2 and responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 antigens compared to patients with only COVID-19.ConclusionAlthough the evidence is limited, an apparent positive immunomodulation is observed in patients with COVID-19 and LTBI. On the other hand, patients with COVID-19 and aTB present a dysregulated immune response. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and expand knowledge.

The research was developed at the Santa Inés Farm, of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Técnica de Machala, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the infusion of Ocimum basilicum in Cobb 500 chickens on the productive parameters and bacterial control. For the experiment, a Completely Random Design was applied to evaluate five treatments each with four experimental units of 10 chickens (200 birds). The treatments were: T1, T2, T3, and T4, to which 2 ml of infusion of O. basilicum was added at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively for each liter of drinking water and T5 normal water. For the welfare of the birds, management was used for open buildings, administering a balanced feed free of Antibiotic Growth Promoters. The variables evaluated were: live weight of the bird, consumption of feed and accumulated water, feed conversion, mortality, total bacterial microbiota and colimetry. For data analysis, the statistical program Statgraphics Centurión XV.I.® was used, subjecting the variables to an ANOVA, prior assumptions of normality and homogeneity, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for those that did not present a normal distribution. To establish the difference between the means, the Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure was used with a 95.0% confidence level. The results conclude that there is no effect on the parameters evaluated, it does not present a health risk and that due to its biopharmaceutical properties it could be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.

Vaccination against mpox can control the outbreak by targeting high-risk groups such as the LGBTIQ+ community. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perceptions and intentions to get vaccinated against mpox among the LGBTIQ+ community in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1 November 2022 to 17 January 2023 in Peru. We included individuals over 18 years old, belonging to the LGBTIQ+ community, and residing in the departments of Lima and Callao. To evaluate the factors associated with the intention to be vaccinated, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to create a multivariate model. The study comprised 373 individuals who self-identified as members of the LGBTIQ+ community. The participants had a mean age of 31 years (SD ± 9), with 85.0% males and 75.3% reporting to be homosexual men. The majority (88.5%) expressed their intention to receive the vaccine against mpox. Believing that the vaccine is safe was associated with a higher intention to be vaccinated (aPR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.50; p = 0.028). Our study population showed a high level of mpox vaccination intent. Educational campaigns reinforcing the concept of vaccine safety should be conducted to increase the intention and possibly the vaccination rate in the LGBTIQ+ community.

The present research discusses about the derivational process of Coronavirus in WHO website “Mythbusters”. The reason of choosing the topic is because word formation processes occur in various area, including scientific areas. The impact of Coronavirus disease influenced the usage of spesific terms related with Coronavirus. People need to understand the Coronavirus related terms, so that they able to use and understand new terms to help them deliver different kinds of information. This research has the purpose of figuring out what types of derivational word formation of Coronavirus related terms are found in the WHO "Mythbusters." Thus, a morphological approach is used to facilitate the researcher on conducting the analysis. The researcher conducted a qualitative research using content analysis in analyzing the data. Based on the analysis of derivational processes in WHO website “Mythbusters” article, the researcher found 24 coronavirus related terms formed by derivational processes. There are 18 coronavirus related terms formed by derivation process, which consist of 10 nominalizer and 8 adjectivalizer found in the article. The derivational affixes occur in “Mythbusters” are {-ion}, {Anti-}, {-ness}, {-ment}, {-al}, {-ous}, {-ful}, and {-y}. There are 6 coronavirus related term formed by compound process. 5 terms are formed with compound noun process, while the other is formed by compound adjective. Key words: Derivational, Coronavirus, WHO

The Covid-19 disease is not an epidemic that can be ignored, the development of the transmission of this virus is quite significant because its spread is global and all countries are feeling the impact, including Indonesia. The impact of Covid-19 has a very strong impact on education, therefore in the education sector, the government through the Ministry of Education and Culture has implemented a learning from home policy. Online learning is a solution to the implementation of online learning, but we already know that online learning is not as easy as learning as usual or offline learning. In this article, we will discuss online learning using Zoom Meeting. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and conducting observations and interviews. The obstacles faced are electronic media and internet quotas for online learning. Not all students are equal in terms of economics, which is the only problem.

The most recent monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak is mostly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) who participate in high-risk sexual behaviors, which is typically the case among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carriers, according to clinical and epidemiological statistics. The objective of this research is to determine the epidemiological situation of HIV and smallpox co-infection. Until 1 October 2022, a thorough evaluation of the literature was conducted utilizing the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were evaluated based on the criteria for selection. Fifty-three studies met the selection criteria. A total of 6345 confirmed cases of monkeypox were recorded, and 40.32% (n = 2558) of these cases also had HIV co-infection. In addition, 51.36% (n = 3259) of the men (91.44%; n = 5802), whose ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, exhibited MSM-specific sexual behaviors. Co-infection with these two viruses can be especially dangerous because it can exacerbate the symptoms of both diseases and make them more difficult to treat. People with HIV are more vulnerable to certain infections, including monkeypox, because their immune systems are weakened. Therefore, it is important that they take measures to prevent infection, such as avoiding contact with infected animals, risky behaviors, and maintaining good hygiene.

Silvia Spoto,1 Emanuele Valeriani,1 Elisabetta Riva,2 Marina De Cesaris,3 Giuseppe Tonini,4 Bruno Vincenzi,5 Luciana Locorriere,1 Giuseppina Beretta Anguissola,1 Angelo Lauria Pantano,1 Elisa Brando,1 Sebastiano Costantino,1 Massimo Ciccozzi,5 Silvia Angeletti3 1Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Unit of Virology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; 3Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; 4Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; 5Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, ItalyCorrespondence: Silvia SpotoDiagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, ItalyTel +3906225411461Email s.spoto@unicampus.itIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), comprises a broad spectrum of clinical presentation ranging from flu-like syndrome to organ failure. The risk of coinfections is high and responsible for a worse prognosis, mainly in the case of bacterial involvement and in the presence of particular comorbidity. We present the clinical, laboratory, radiologic characteristic along with therapeutic management of a patient with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus coinfection.Case Presentation: A 55-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our hospital due to a two-day history of fever and acute dyspnea with severe respiratory failure worsened after the administration of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel. Her medical history comprehended a triple negative, BRCA1-related, PD-L1 positive right breast cancer with multiple bone metastasis, causing bone marrow infiltration-related severe pancytopenia. Her physical examination revealed scattered wheezes, rales, and bilateral dry crackles in the middle and lower lung fields and lower limb paresis. The body mass index was 30 kg/m2 and arterial blood gas evaluation revealed a stage III acute respiratory distress syndrome. Microbiological specimens revealed a Staphylococcus aureus positivity from endotracheal aspirate. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of large areas of parenchymal consolidation and aerial bronchogram, bilateral “ground glass” areas reaching the highest extension on the upper and middle zones. The high clinical and radiological suspicion of COVID-19 along with the negative result of nasopharyngeal specimen make necessary an endotracheal aspirate resulting positive for SARS-CoV2. Patient started an antimicrobial treatment and lopinavir-ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine but, unfortunately, died five days after hospital admission.Conclusion: The high risk of mortality of our patient was due to viral-bacterial coinfection, advanced cancer status with active immunotherapy. This case highlights the need for a prompt clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation to allow a correct diagnosis and start a specific therapy.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, pneumonia, computed tomography, Staphylococcus aureus, cancer patient

Abstract We construct the effective field theory for a single massive higher-spin particle in flat spacetime. Positivity bounds of the S-matrix force the cutoff of the theory to be well below the naive strong-coupling scale, forbid any potential and make therefore higher- derivative operators important even at low energy. As interesting application, we discuss in detail the massive spin-3 theory and show that an extended Galileon-like symmetry of the longitudinal modes, even with spin, emerges at high energy.

El propósito del presente estudio es medir la actitud hacia la cooperación tecno-científica entre Instituciones de Educación Superior y Empresas del Sector Productivo de profesores-investigadores, así como analizar las diferencias por sexo, edad, y nivel en el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Se utilizó una muestra no aleatoria por conveniencia de 182 p-i (50 mujeres y 132 hombres) quienes contestaron el Cuestionario para medir la percepción de la cooperación tecno-científica entre las Instituciones de Educación Superior y el Sector Productivo. Entre los hallazgos, se destacan valores de diferencia no significativa (p > .05), y tamaño de efecto chico (η2 = .01) entre los grupos.

This investigation evaluated the integration of an alkaline electrolyzer for dual-fuel operation in an experimental test bench of a diesel engine from a techno-economic viewpoint. The characterization of the electrolyzer operation indicated that higher electrolyte (KOH) concentrations (30 – 40% w/w) improve the overall performance since less voltage is required for electrolysis, thus featuring higher efficiencies (50 – 60%) and hydrogen production (4 – 6 LPM). The economic analysis demonstrated that hydrogen cost remains competitive (4.3 - 5.6 USD/kg), and it is greatly dependent on the electrolyte concentration. Additionally, the operation of the engine with hydrogen injection at 20 LPM and a palm biodiesel blend reduced the fuel consumption rate between 10 – 31% depending on the load rate when compared to pure diesel. In contrast, dual-fuel operation generated a minor reduction in fuel conversion efficiency (< 5%), which reflects on the power output. Overall, this technology stands as a promising avenue to improve the fuel utilization ratio.

The use of scales to assess the performance of professors from the students' standpoint is a generalized practice in higher education systems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factorial structure and measure the invariance of the Scale of Teaching Performance of the Psychology Professor (EDDPsic) among groups according to gender, age, and academic stage. The sample of participants was composed of 316 Psychology students from the fourth and sixth semesters (basic cycles), and from the eighth and tenth semesters (disciplinary-professional cycles) of two renowned public universities in Lima, Peru. Two hundred and thirty-one participants were women (73%), and the mean age of students was 21.5 years old (SD = 2.37). The measurement invariance of the scale in the three study variables was underpinned by a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) conducted using a five-factor model that showed the best fitness indices. It is concluded that significant differences in measuring teaching performance areas of the professor depend on the students' age difference and on their academic stage (to attend the disciplinary-professional cycles).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in reports of human monkeypox virus infection cases spreading in many countries outside Africa is a major cause for concern. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the evidence of antiviral pharmacotherapy available for the treatment of adult patients with monkeypox. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CENTRAL databases until 12 September 2022. The key search terms used were “monkeypox” and “treatment”. A total of 1927 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After removing duplicates (n = 1007) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 11 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with antiviral treatment were included, detailing the number of monkeypox cases, clinical manifestations, number of participants with antiviral treatment, history of sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location of skin lesions, drugs used in antiviral treatment, route of administration, and outcome. A total of 1281 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 65 monkeypox cases had antiviral treatment distributed most frequently in the United States (n = 30), the United Kingdom (n = 6), and Spain (n = 6). Of the total cases, 1269 (99.1%) were male with an age range of 18 to 76 years, and 1226 (95.7%) had a sexual behavior of being men who have sex with men. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were skin lesions, fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, fatigue, and myalgia. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, facial, and upper and lower extremities. The most commonly used drugs for antiviral treatment of monkeypox were: tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. All patients had a complete recovery. According to current evidence, the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs against monkeypox is of low quality and scarce.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a primary benign tumor that accounts for up to 3% of all bone tumors. The cervical spine is less affected by OOs, and very few cases of C2 OOs have been reported in the literature, both in adults and children. Surgery may be required in case of functional torticollis, stiffness, and reduced range of motion (ROM) due to cervical OOs refractory to medical therapy. Several posterior and anterior surgical techniques have been described to remove C2 OOs. In particular, anterior approaches to the cervical spine represent the most used surgical route for treating C2 OOs. We describe the first case of OO of the odontoid process removed through a transnasal endoscopic approach with the aid of neuronavigation in a 6-year-old child. No intraoperative complications occurred, and the post-operative course was uneventful. The patient had immediate relief of neck pain and remained pain-free throughout the follow-up period, with complete functional recovery of the neck range of motion (ROM). In this case, based on the favorable anatomy, the transnasal endoscopic approach represented a valuable strategy for the complete removal of an anterior C2 OO without the need for further vertebral fixation since the preservation of ligaments and paravertebral soft tissue.

Sin dalle origini il costituzionalismo moderno ha collocato in una posizione centrale la libertà di ma-nifestazione del pensiero, facendone il caposaldo di ogni società democratica e la cifra distintiva di questo modello. In questi ultimi anni gli ordinamenti costituzionali europei si sono dotati di nuovi strumenti giuridici per regolare l’esercizio della libertà di manifestazione del pensiero e, segnatamen-te, per arginare la dilagante diffusione di fake news. L’intervento che qui si propone è mirato pertan-to a riflettere su questo tema facendo riferimento ai contenuti del recente “Report of the independent High level Group on fake news and online disinformation” voluto dalla Commissione europea come premessa alle future iniziative politiche e giuridiche che saranno adottate per regolare il problema della disinformazione in ambito politico su internet. / 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑠, 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑚 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒, 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡. 𝐼𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑒𝑤 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑠.𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒-𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 “𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛” 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑡.

On-chip spectrometers typically have limited spectral channels and low signal to noise ratios. Here the authors introduce a digital architecture that uses switches to change the interferometer path lengths, enabling exponentially more spectral channels per circuit element and lower noise by leveraging a machine learning reconstruction algorithm.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, also known as Evans tumor, is a low-grade sarcoma that most commonly arises in the deep soft tissue of the proximal extremities or trunk in young adults. It is very rare in the viscera as a primary site, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of Evans tumor occurring in an unusual and rarely reported location; an intrathoracic mass arising from the diaphragmatic pleura.

A greater understanding of factors causing cancer initiation, progression and evolution is of paramount importance. Among them, the serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1D, also referred to as wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) or protein phosphatase 2C delta (PP2Cδ), is emerging as an important oncoprotein due to its negative regulation on a number of crucial cancer suppressor pathways. Initially identified as a p53-regulated gene, PPM1D has been afterwards found amplified and more recently mutated in many human cancers such as breast cancer. The latest progress in this field further reveals that selective inhibition of PPM1D to delay tumor onset or reduce tumor burden represents a promising anti-cancer strategy. Here, we review the advances in the studies of the PPM1D activity and its relevance to various cancers, and recent progress in development of PPM1D inhibitors and discuss their potential application in cancer therapy. Consecutive research on PPM1D and its relationship with cancer is essential, as it ultimately contributes to the etiology and treatment of cancer.

Investment certificates are securitized derivatives built as a combination of financial instruments. The financial engineering process aims to create new payoff profiles that allow investors to diversify or to hedge the risk of their portfolios. Such instruments are relatively challenging to price, as highlighted in the recent publications for other European markets. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether in the Italian market there are also differences between the quoted price and the estimated price obtained applying a standard pricing approach well known in the literature. In particular, we analyze three representative certificates, belonging to the classes of target coupon certificates and autocallable certificates, that have been most appreciated by the investors during the last years. To evaluate the price, we propose a Monte Carlo approach that computes directly the payoff of the certificates on a set of scenarios for the evolution of the underlying asset. Moreover, studying the payoff profile of the certificates, we investigate and comment on the recent regulatory debate on “complexity”. We show that complexity, the new parameter behind return and risk, should not be necessarily associated with the engineering level of the financial products and that, sometimes, complexity is not associated with risk.