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2. Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., Wiezel, Adi, Kenrick, Douglas T., Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E.W.

Published
2022
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3. Publisher Correction: Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Published
2022
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4. Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Published
2022
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13. Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation

Author

Ko, Ahra, primary, Pick, Cari M., additional, Kwon, Jung Yul, additional, Barlev, Michael, additional, Krems, Jaimie Arona, additional, Varnum, Michael E. W., additional, Neel, Rebecca, additional, Peysha, Mark, additional, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, additional, Brandstätter, Eduard, additional, Crispim, Ana Carla, additional, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, additional, David, Daniel, additional, David, Oana A., additional, de Felipe, Renata Pereira, additional, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., additional, Fischer, Ronald, additional, Galdi, Silvia, additional, Galindo, Oscar, additional, Golovina, Galina, additional, Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, additional, Graf, Sylvie, additional, Grossmann, Igor, additional, Gul, Pelin, additional, Hamamura, Takeshi, additional, Han, Shihui, additional, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, additional, Hřebíčková, Martina, additional, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, additional, Karl, Johannes A., additional, Malanchuk, Oksana, additional, Murata, Asuka, additional, Na, Jinkyung, additional, O, Jiaqing, additional, Rizwan, Muhammed, additional, Roth, Eric, additional, Salgado, Sergio Antonio Salgado, additional, Samoylenko, Elena, additional, Savchenko, Tatyana, additional, Sevincer, A. Timur, additional, Stanciu, Adrian, additional, Suh, Eunkook M., additional, Talhelm, Thomas, additional, Uskul, Ayse K., additional, Uz, Irem, additional, Zambrano, Danilo, additional, and Kenrick, Douglas T., additional

Published
2019
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16. Ko et al.(in press), Perspectives

Author

Ahra Ko, Pick, Cari M, Kwon, Jung Yul, Barlev, Michael, Krems, Jaimie Arona, Varnum, Michael E W, Neel, Rebecca, Peysha, Mark, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Brandstätter, Eduard, Vasquez, Julio Eduardo Cruz, Galindo, Oscar, David, Daniel, Felipe, Renata Pereira De, Crispim, Ana Carla, Velichko H Fetvadjiev, Fischer, Ronald, Karl, Johannes, Galdi, Silvia, Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Hamamura, Takeshi, Shihui Han, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Malanchuk, Oksana, Murata, Asuka, Jinkyung Na, Jiaqing O, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Antonio, Sergio, Salgado Salgado, A Timur Sevincer, Stanciu, Adrian, Eunkook M Suh, Talhelm, Thomas, Ayse K Uskul, Irem Uz, Zambrano, Danilo, and Kenrick, Douglas T

Published
2019
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19. Testing process predictions of models of risky choice: a quantitative model comparison approach

Author

Pachur, Thorsten, Hertwig, Ralph, Gigerenzer, Gerd, and Brandstätter, Eduard

Subjects
lcsh:Psychology, strategy selection, Decision Making, lcsh:BF1-990, risky choice, Psychology, process tracing, Original Research Article, heuristics, similarity
Abstract

This article presents a quantitative model comparison contrasting the process predictions of two prominent views on risky choice. One view assumes a trade-off between probabilities and outcomes (or nonlinear functions thereof) and the separate evaluation of risky options (expectation models). Another view assumes that risky choice is based on comparative evaluation, limited search, aspiration levels, and the forgoing of trade-offs (heuristic models). We derived quantitative process predictions for a generic expectation model and for a specific heuristic model, namely the priority heuristic (Brandstätter, Gigerenzer, & Hertwig, 2006), and tested them in two experiments. The focus was on two key features of the cognitive process: acquisition frequencies (i.e., how frequently individual reasons are looked up) and direction of search (i.e., gamble-wise vs. reason-wise). In Experiment 1, the priority heuristic predicted direction of search better than the expectation model (although neither model predicted the acquisition process perfectly); acquisition frequencies, however, were inconsistent with both models. Additional analyses revealed that these frequencies were primarily a function of what Rubinstein (1988) called similarity. In Experiment 2, the quantitative model comparison approach showed that people seemed to rely more on the priority heuristic in difficult problems, but to make more trade-offs in easy problems. This finding suggests that risky choice may be based on a mental toolbox of strategies.

Published
2013

36. The Cognitive Processes Underlying Risky Choice.

Author

Brandstätter, Eduard and Gussmack, Manuela

Subjects
HEURISTIC, PROTOCOL analysis (Cognition), DECISION making, EXPECTED utility, BERNOULLI hypothesis (Risk)
Abstract

ABSTRACT In this article, we tested two concepts of decision making: expected utility theory and heuristic choice. In Experiment 1, we applied think-aloud protocols to investigate violations of expected utility theory. In Experiments 2 to 4, we introduced a new process-tracing method-called predict-aloud protocols-that has advantages over previously suggested research methods. Results show the following: (i) people examine information between rather than within gambles; (ii) the priority heuristic emerges as the most frequently used strategy when problems are difficult; and (iii) people check for similarity when problems are easy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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37. Comparison based satisfaction: contrast and empathy.

Author

Brandstätter, Eduard

Subjects
*EMPATHY, *SOCIAL psychology, *SATISFACTION, *INTERPERSONAL relations
Abstract

The paper (1) presents a new contrast–empathy model to capture affective reactions following a social comparison, and (2) supports the applicability of the value function to social comparisons. Relationship quality and relevance of the comparison dimension are assumed to influence the interplay between contrast and empathy effects. The application of the value function to the contrast–empathy model leads to the predictions that (a) dissatisfaction looms larger than satisfaction and that (b) pity looms larger than empathetic joy. Three studies test the validity of the contrast empathy model. In all studies participants rated their satisfaction with income comparisons. Study 1 demonstrates the applicability of the value function to social comparisons. Study 2 extends the self-evaluation model and supports the validity of the contrast–empathy model. Study 3 replicates parts of Study 2 in a between-subjects design. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

39. Going beyond Bernoullian models of decision making.

Author

Brandstätter, Eduard

Subjects
*DECISION making, *CHOICE (Psychology), *INDIVIDUALS' preferences, *HUMAN behavior, *HEURISTIC
Abstract

This article tackles the issue of modeling risky choice. First I review models which share the assumption that human choices can or should be modeled in the same terms that Bernoulli used: that people behave as if they multiplied some function of value and belief and then maximized it. Since there is little empirical evidence that these functions are actually calculated by the brain, and if so, how they would be calculated, Bernoullian choice models have often been interpreted to be "as-if models". That is, they describe or ideally predict people's choices but do not describe the underlying process. Second, I present a new process model, the priority heuristic, which abandons the value times belief calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

40. The measurement of decision processes.

Author

Riedl, René and Brandstätter, Eduard

Subjects
*DECISION making, *EXECUTIVES' attitudes, *CONSUMER behavior, *COMPUTER systems, *COMPUTER files
Abstract

To know the decision strategy and the underlying information acquisition behavior of a person is important for the design of computer programs that support managerial and consumer decision making. Furthermore, knowing a person's decision strategy allows for a better prediction of his/her final choice. Both qualitative methods (e.g. verbal protocols) and quantitative methods (e.g. computer-assisted process-tracing systems) are used to investigate information acquisition behavior of managers and consumers, respectively, and to detect their decision strategies. This article presents measures that allow for the detection of decision strategies--that is, one is able to better distinguish decision strategies from each other. The presented measures are the methodological basis of widely used quantitative process-tracing methods such as computerized process-tracing tools or eye-tracking systems. Furthermore, the article reports on three experiments that demonstrate the usefulness of the measures presented. Furthermore, to show the accuracy of our measures, we developed a web-based process tracing tool, DecisionTracer, that incorporates the logic of our measures. The results of the three experiments replicate the findings of other empirical studies: People use noncompensatory decision strategies (especially elimination by aspects, lexicographic rule, satisficing, and disjunctive rule) more often than compensatory strategies (e.g. multi-attribute utility model). The article concludes that the measures and their application within computerized process-tracing tools constitute the basic research of an emerging research field called clickstream analysis, which is a method to investigate human decision processes by analyzing computer log files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

41. Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation.

Author

Ko, Ahra, Pick, Cari M., Kwon, Jung Yul, Barlev, Michael, Krems, Jaimie Arona, Varnum, Michael E. W., Neel, Rebecca, Peysha, Mark, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., de Felipe, Renata Pereira, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo, Oscar, and Golovina, Galina

Subjects
*ANXIETY, *COLLEGE students, *MENTAL depression, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *INTERPERSONAL relations, *MOTIVATION (Psychology), *SOCIAL psychology, *FAMILY relations, *WELL-being, *SEXUAL partners
Abstract

What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic-partner choice (mate seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, these bonds have been less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. Compared with other groups, college students, single people, and men place relatively higher emphasis on mate seeking, but even those samples rated kin-care motives as more important. Furthermore, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with anxiety and depression. We address theoretical and empirical reasons why there has been extensive research on mate seeking and why people prioritize goals related to long-term familial bonds over mating goals. Reallocating relatively greater research effort toward long-term familial relationships would likely yield many interesting new findings relevant to everyday people's highest social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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42. Family matters: rethinking the psychology of human social motivation

Author

Ronald Fischer, Eric Roth, Michael E. W. Varnum, Thomas Talhelm, Jaimie Arona Krems, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Ahra Ko, Ayse K. Uskul, Douglas T. Kenrick, Asuka Murata, Tatyana Savchenko, Johannes Karl, Julio Eduardo Cruz, Muhammed Rizwan, Luis Gómez-Jacinto, Renata Pereira de Felipe, Sylvie Graf, A. Timur Sevincer, Adrian Stanciu, Eunkook M. Suh, Óscar Galindo, Ana Carla Crispim, Eduard Brandstätter, Oana A. David, G. V. Golovina, Cari M Pick, Oksana Malanchuk, Takeshi Hamamura, Mark Peysha, Irem Uz, Jiaqing O, Velichko H. Fetvadjiev, Igor Grossmann, Hidefumi Hitokoto, Jinkyung Na, Jennifer Lee Johnson, Danilo Zambrano, Michael Barlev, Silvia Galdi, Rebecca Neel, Jung Yul Kwon, Pelin Gul, Daniel David, Martina Hřebíčková, Shihui Han, Sergio Salgado, Elena Samoylenko, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Ko, Ahra, Pick, Cari M., Yul Kwon, Jung, Barlev, Michael, Arona Krems, Jaimie, Varnum, Michael E. W., Neel, Rebecca, Peysha, Mark, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Carla Crispim, Ana, Eduardo Cruz, Julio, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Pereira de Felipe, Renata, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo, Oscar, Golovina, Galina, Gomez-Jacinto, Lui, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Lee Johnson, Jennifer, Karl, Johannes A., Malanchuk, Oksana, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, O, Jiaqing, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Antonio Salgado Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena, Savchenko, Tatyana, Timur Sevincer, A., Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Talhelm, Thoma, Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Zambrano, Danilo, Kenrick, Douglas T., TOBB ETU, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Psychology, TOBB ETÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Uz, İrem

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, family, Sexual Behavior, Young Adult, Interpersonal relationship, motivation, Single people, medicine, Humans, goals, Social Behavior, General Psychology, interpersonal relations, reward, Sexual attraction, Perspective (graphical), Middle Aged, Evolutionary psychology, Cross-cultural studies, Anxiety, Female, Family Relations, medicine.symptom, Psychology, interpersonal relations, family, evolutionary psychology, motivation, goals, reward, Social psychology, Social motivation, evolutionary psychology
Abstract

What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic-partner choice (mate seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, these bonds have been less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. Compared with other groups, college students, single people, and men place relatively higher emphasis on mate seeking, but even those samples rated kin-care motives as more important. Furthermore, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with anxiety and depression. We address theoretical and empirical reasons why there has been extensive research on mate seeking and why people prioritize goals related to long-term familial bonds over mating goals. Reallocating relatively greater research effort toward long-term familial relationships would likely yield many interesting new findings relevant to everyday people’s highest social priorities.

Published
2019

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