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The development of a checklist of non-native aquatic plants in the Brantas River is very important from an ecological perspective. The checklist of non-native aquatic plants provides valuable information for the development of effective management and mitigation strategies. The main objective of this study was to provide a detailed checklist of non-native aquatic plants present in the Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at several locations along the river, where site selection included differences in habitat and environmental conditions, from Blitar (upstream), Trenggalek (midstream), Kediri (midstream), and Jombang (downstream). At each selected site, five 1 x 1m quadrats were randomly placed along the riverbank and within the waterbody using a stratified random allocation within each habitat type (shallow area, slow-flowing section, tributary mouth). Comprehensive identification of physiological and ecological characteristics of non-native species was based on published books and scientific journals. The result of this research showed that there are several non native invasive aquatic plants in Brantas River, viz. the alligator weed, Ludwigia, water lettuce, floating fern, frogbit, parrot feather, Hydrilla, Ambulia, Lemna, water chestnut, Cabomba, and the water hyacinth, Azolla. We recommend management control through mecanical, biological and chemical alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the crucial role played by Japan in the development of irrigation infrastructure in Indonesia from the 1960s to the 1990s. While the assistance provided by Japan in irrigation infrastructure significantly enhanced the prominence of the Brantas river valleys as a major rice granary during the green revolution, it has been largely overlooked in Indonesian historiography. Despite the historical influence of the Dutch, this article aims to elucidate the reasons behind Japan’s involvement in the modernization of irrigation systems along the Brantas river in East Java, as well as the resultant effects on food production and the environment. Employing a historical approach and drawing on both primary and secondary sources, this study argues that Japan’s role in Indonesia’s irrigation development during the independence period originated from the war compensation fund paid by the Japanese government. This fund subsequently paved the way for greater involvement of Japanese agencies in mutual cooperation in developing irrigation infrastructure. The expansion of irrigated lands and increased rice productivity, facilitated by Japan-supported irrigation infrastructure, mitigated the risks of harvest failure due to droughts and floods. The infrastructure has also played a significant role in flood control during rainy seasons and in securing irrigation water, especially during dry seasons. Additionally, while acknowledging sacrifices incurred during the construction process and the environmental consequences of their operations, it is evident that the Japan-supported irrigation infrastructure effectively tamed the ferocity of the river and optimized its benefits, significantly improving the livelihoods of many people. To ensure the long-term sustainability of Japanese-funded infrastructure along the Brantas River, comprehensive strategies encompassing regular maintenance, technological updates, community engagement, integrated water resource management, agriculture diversification, and climate change adaptation are essential.

Improving the water quality of the Brantas River can be achieved by implementing nature-based technology by using the Brantas River as a raw water source for clean water. In this research, subsurface flow constructed wetlands, which include vertical subsurface constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs) and horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands (HSSFCWs), are used as a sustainable and low-cost approach to improve water quality. The VSSFCW system is configured with a layer of gravel substrate, Heliconia psittacorum, and a layer of activated carbon. The configuration for the HSSFCW system is also similar but without the activated carbon layer. This research aimed to determine the post-treatment water quality using CWs as an eco-garden to reduce pollutants from the Brantas River. Water samples from Dam Kadalpang, Brantas River, were measured at the Environmental Laboratory of the State University of Malang, configuring the reactor with laboratory-sized dimensions. These measurements were made on physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). There were four observation points in this research, namely VSSFCW with Heliconia psittacorum and control VSSFCW without plants, where both were given an activated carbon layer, as well as HSSFCW with Heliconia psittacorum and control HSSFCW without plants. The results of data analysis showed that both CWs systems with plants were able to reduce turbidity up to 99% and BOD with a performance efficiency reaching 89%. Both systems also removed COD with a removal efficiency of 73%. TDS was also reduced in both CWs, although there was no significant difference. Similar results were obtained in conductivity and salinity. The pH, temperature, and DO conditions at each observation point met the quality standards and recommendations of previous studies, which became one of the factors supporting the reduction performance of the VSSFCW system. The pollutant degradation capability of the CWs system shows that it can reduce pollutants in the water and it is suitable for use as raw water in the production of clean water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, 0.48-1.29 million tonnes of plastic waste is estimated to enter the waters due to poor plastic waste management in Indonesia. Plastic waste has the potential to be degraded into smaller particles through ultraviolet (UV) radiation, weathering process, water currents, physical-mechanical and biodegradation. Plastics with particle sizes between >1 μm and

This paper reports the first data from an integrated study investigating genotoxicity in the Brantas River, Java, Indonesia. Results showed that organic sediment extracts from the sites in the Brantas Delta retained genotoxic compounds identified using the SOS Chromotest and that the Aloo River and, to a lesser extent, the Surabaya River were the most contaminated studied sites. This genotoxicity was attributable to compounds that did not require any bioactivation under the test conditions. Occurrence of genotoxic effects was further investigated in erythrocytes from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. High numbers of micronuclei were counted, especially in fish sampled in the rivers of the Brantas Delta. Moreover, cytoplasmic alterations which could be indicative of the presence of lipofuscin were found in the cytoplasm of the fish blood cells, especially in fish from the Aloo, Surabaya and Kalimas rivers. Altogether, our data showed that genotoxicity is occurring in fish living in rivers of the delta of the Brantas River and suggest that sediments from these sites may constitute a major source of pollution and hazard for species living or feeding in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brantas River is a largest urban river supplying raw water and drainage in Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia. Dense population along the river is a threat of pollution due to anthropogenic pollutants. In this study, we characterize the magnetic properties and heavy metal contents of surface sediments in various locations along the Brantas River. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal contents in surface sediments from river. Surface sediment samples were taken and measured by a series of magnetic measurements, mineralogical analysis and heavy metal contents. The results show that magnetic minerals in surface sediments of Brantas River are dominated by PSD magnetite mineral. This relatively coarser grain size can be caused by magnetic particles produced by erosion around the river. Surface sediments have very high mass-specific magnetic susceptibility varying from 844.0 to 7231.4 × 10−8 m3kg−1 (on average of 3022.9 × 10−8 m3kg−1) because influenced by the surrounding volcanic environment. Magnetic susceptibility can identify and classify enrichment of heavy metals. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, magnetic susceptibility has strong positive correlation with the heavy metal contents of ferromagnetic elements such as Fe and Co so that it can potentially be used as an indicator of pollution of both these heavy metals in the Brantas River. This present work shows the novelty of the relationship between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal contents in surface sediments from river in volcanic and tropical environment. Unlabelled Image • Surface sediments of Brantas River have very high magnetic susceptibility. • Ferrimagnetic mineral of surface sediments mainly presents in the form of magnetite. • Heavy metals exhibit strong positive correlation with magnetic susceptibility. • Magnetic susceptibility can be used as an indicator of heavy metal pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study are to provide data and information about diversity, dominance, and distribution of the Unionidae mussels species in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Mussel samples were collected from 14 sampling stations along the Brantas River, starting from upstream in Tulungagung to downstream in Surabaya ( ± 170 km) in April-May 2012. The results showed that five species of mussels, namely: Contradens contradens, Elongaria orientalis, Rectidens sumatrensis, Pseudodon vondembuschianus and Pilsbryoconcha exilis were observed in the Brantas River. Contradens contradens was the €œdominant €? species, followed by Elongaria orientalis as a common species, and Rectidens sumatrensis, Pseudodon vondembuschianus and Pilsbryoconcha exilis as rare species. Distribution of each species in the Brantas River tends to be concentrated in downstream of the river, mainly located in station 13. According to the IUCN Red List, Rectidens sumatrensis was categorized in €œData Deficient €?, while Pseudodon vondembuschianus and Pilsbryoconcha exilis were categorized in €œLeast Concern €?.

This study aimed to analyze the levels of metallothionein and damage to hepatocytes and gills of Barbonymus gonionotus in the Brantas River (upstream and downstream), and the correlation levels of metallothionein in the gills and liver of Barbonymus gonionotus with different sampling time variation (March, June, and September 2016). Fishes were caught using trawl in two stations (Karangkates Reservoir and the Kali Jagir river). Fish gills and livers were taken for histopathological analysis and levels of metallothionein were measured by ELISA method. Gills histopathological analysis showed that the highest damage in Karangkates reservoir dan Kali Jagir river is hyperplasia. Liver histopathological analysis in Karangkates reservoir showed normal hepatocytes meanwhile necrosis is highest damage found in Kali Jagir river. Metallothionein levels of fish in Karangkates reservoir for March, June, and September were 0.18 ng/mL; 0,18 ng/mL; and 0.2 ng/mL (gills fish); 0,18 ng/mL; 0,34 ng/mL; and 0,21 ng/mL (liver fish) respectively. Metallothionein levels of fish in Kali Jagir river for March, June, and September were 0,26 ng/mL; 0,18 ng/mL; and 0,18 ng/mL (gills fish); 0,2 ng/mL; 0,45 ng/mL; 0,19 ng/mL (liver fish) respectively. We conclude that the damage to the gills and liver of Barbonymus gonionotus was mostly found in Kali Jagir River and the highest metallothionein level of Barbonymus gonionotus also presented in Kali Jagir River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the water quality and fish diversity in Brantas river. Three station for sampling locations were in the upstream (one station on Karangkates reservoir) and downstream (two stations on the Surabaya and Jagir river). Water quality parameters were BOD, COD, DO, pH, temperature, and the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd). Fish specimens was identified using fish identification book. The results of this research indicated that there was a difference in the water quality of upstream and downstream of the Brantas river. On the upstream, the source of pollution was mostly from fish catching, agriculture, and industrial activities. While on the downstream of the river it mostly dominated by industrial waste and domestic waste. The water quality in both stations had far exceeded the quality standards that was included in the polluted category. The concluded that Brantas river has been contaminated by waste (heavy metals), exceeded the water quality standard. The diversity of fish in the downstream (Surabaya river) has the highest diversity values, followed Jagir river and in the upstream (Karangkates reservoir) has the lowest value of diversity. Brantas river water was included in the category of moderate diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large quantities of mud from the LUSI (Lumpur Sidoarjo) volcano in northeastern Java have been channeled to the sea causing high rates of sediment delivery to the mouth of the Porong River, which has a cover of natural and planted mangroves. This study investigated how the high rates of sediment delivery affected vertical accretion, surface elevation change and the growth of Avicennia sp. , the dominant mangrove species in the region. During our observations in 2010–2011 (4–5 years after the initial volcanic eruption), very high rates of sedimentation in the forests at the mouth of the river gave rise to high vertical accretion of over 10 cm y − 1 . The high sedimentation rates not only resulted in reduced growth of Avicennia sp. mangrove trees at the two study sites at the Porong River mouth, but also gave rise to high soil surface elevation gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eastern Kendeng Hills (Java, Indonesia) expose a 1000 m thick series that is used as a stratigraphic standard, representing the emergence of eastern Java from the sea. The fluvial top is rich in vertebrate fossils and yielded the Mojokerto (Perning) hominin skullcap, which is regarded as the earliest evidence of Homo erectus on Java, with age estimates ranging between 1.9 and 1.49 Ma. The series is commonly regarded as an uninterrupted record of coastal progradation. However, recent studies show that the emergence of eastern Java has been a complex process, under influence of tectonism, volcanism, sea-level fluctuations and fluvial dynamics, leaving a fragmented depositional record that varies from site to site. This is at odds with the prevailing stratigraphic practice of long-distance correlations and questions the existing interpretations of the eastern Kendeng reference sections. Here we present the results of a fieldwork-based re-interpretation of this key stratigraphic record, which we identified as the fill of a previously unrecognized Plio-Pleistocene embayment, surrounded by elongate uplift zones. Clinoform-bedded sandstones relate to a stage of explosive, high-silica volcanism, supplying large volumes of ash. The embayment fill is incised and covered by fluvial deposits, which we relate to the Middle Pleistocene Brantas. The fluvial strata have a cyclic build-up, probably representing sea-level controlled stages of aggradation and degradation. Based on a reconstruction of fluvial cycles, we provisionally link the conglomerate bed in which the Mojokerto Homo erectus was found to MIS14 (∼550ka). We infer that the published radiometric ages derive from reworked volcanic clasts that make up this incisive fluvial lag and are not representative for the age of deposition. Our study places the eastern Kendeng series in a new landscape context and changes our view of the timing of hominin migration to Java. • The marine clays of the eastern Kendeng are the fill of a Plio-Pleistocene embayment. • The vertebrate-bearing fluvial strata of the eastern Kendeng represent the ancient Brantas drainage system. • The fluvial strata erosively overlie the embayment fill and cannot be regarded as delta topsets. • The fluvial strata have a cyclic build-up, which relates to Middle Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations. • The conglomerate bed that yielded the Mojokerto skullcap is tied to MIS14, with an age of ∼550ka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous chemical substances are used for daily life activities have an effect on the endocrine system and are frequently classed as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The present study investigated the fact and distribution of EDCs type (estrogen, plasticizer, and preservative). In particular, EDCs such as estriol, 1,2,4 triazole, 17α-ethinylestradiol, methyl paraben, estrone, 3,4,4 trichlorocarbanilide, 17β-estradiol, and bisphenol A (BPA) were selected as the target EDCs for the detection in the Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers located in Indonesia. Among the targeted EDCs, BPA is found to be highest in the water samples of Bengawan Solo (1070 ng/L and mean at 219 ng/L) and Brantas (556 ng/L and mean at 222 ng/L) rivers. The EDCs concentration is higher in both rivers during the dry season compared to the wet season due to the dilution effect caused by heavy rainfall. The entry of municipal wastewater is the primary sources of EDCs contamination in both rivers. Finally, this study suggests that the contamination level of EDCs in river water could pose an environmental threat, particularly during dry seasons. [Display omitted] • The presence of EDCs in Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers in Indonesia is investigated. • BPA is the highest EDC found in both river water samples. • All estrogens detected in both rivers sample found to less than 10% of total EDCs. • The EDCs level at Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers is higher during the dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Increasing human modifications of the coastal zone are endangering the integrity of coastal ecosystems. This is of particular importance in SE Asia where large parts of the population live in the coastal zone and are economically dependent on its resources. The region is also affected by a high frequency of extreme natural events like storms, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The eruption of a mud volcano, nicknamed “Lusi”, near the city of Sidoarjo in eastern Java, Indonesia, on May 29, 2006 represents such an event. One of the measures to minimize the potential detrimental effects to the environment and the local population was to channelise part of the mud into the nearby Porong River, the major distributary of the Brantas River, which is affected by intensive land use and hydrological alterations in a densely populated catchment. Here we report for the first time on the effects of the mud volcano on the aquatic environment. The “Lusi” input more than doubled the suspended matter and particulate organic carbon load of the river. Moreover, we found decomposition of the additional organic matter worsening oxygen depletion in the river and adjacent coastal waters that can severely affect the well-being of aquatic organisms. We conclude that the mud volcano input adds to the adverse effects of human activities in the river catchment on the ecology and biogeochemistry of the estuary and Madura Strait coastal waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Wonorejo Dam project involuntarily relocated many families from the dam site. These resettled individuals opted to move into surrounding villages rather than to follow the transmigration scheme put in place that would have taken them beyond Java Island. Although the former residents were moved involuntarily, many of them are found to be content with their current situation and conditions. The findings of this study may help appropriate authorities enhance their social responsibility and evaluate their respective resettlement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article presents measurement data using environmental magnetism method on the bulk surface sediments related to the research article entitled "Heavy metal contents and magnetic properties of surface sediments in volcanic and tropical environment from Brantas River, Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia" Mariyanto et al., 2019. Surface sediments were taken from 20 different locations along Brantas River. In the laboratory, a series of magnetic measurements was conducted on sediment samples i.e. magnetic susceptibility, ARM (Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization) and IRM (Isothermal Remanent Magnetization). These environmental magnetism data were used to characterize bulk surface sediments in the study area.