Search

Across the world anatomists are responsible for delivering anatomical education designed to help prepare students in becoming safe and competent medical and allied healthcare practitioners. Despite the critical role that anatomists play in the early stages of student learning, little is known about the identity of anatomists, and how their journeys and experiences have shaped the ways they perceive and embody their role. The aim of this study was to provide anatomists with a reference to take comfort in the shared experiences of other anatomists, to provide individuals and managers with real-life situations that anatomists may come across in their career, and to generate a sense of belonging within the anatomy community. Through a survey data collected from 161 anatomists, it includes demographic characteristics, access to training and support provision, and availability of network and career opportunities. In addition, information was collected that focussed on aspects of wellbeing and lived personal experience in the workplace. The results of this study provide significant evidence for the need to develop a more inclusive, diverse, and supportive environment for anatomists in both the work place as well as within professional societies and at conferences. Self-identifying female anatomists experience more discrimination overall (p=

INTRODUCTION: Eliminating recalcitrant prosthetic hip joint infections remains one of the greatest challenges in orthopaedic surgery. In such cases, the salvage procedure of femoral head excision (the Girdlestone procedure) is often performed. There has been emerging surgical interest in filling the resulting acetabular dead space with a pedicled muscle flap, to enable antibiotic delivery. Both vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle flaps have been described for this purpose with good success. This study is the first anatomical investigation comparing vastus lateralis and rectus femoris as candidates for interposition myoplasty following hip joint excision. METHODS: Following standard surgical technique, the Girdlestone procedure and interposition myoplasty of both rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were performed on 10 cadavers. The primary aim was to determine which muscle flap eliminated a greater volume of acetabular dead space. Secondary aims were to characterize the blood supply to rectus femoris and assess additional metrics indicative of the likelihood of flap success. RESULTS: The vastus lateralis flap eliminated more dead space than rectus femoris. However, the use of the rectus femoris flap was feasible in all cases and has several benefits, including ease of harvest, mobility and aesthetics. The location of the inferior vascular pedicle into rectus femoris was relatively consistent and the most effective predictor of flap success. CONCLUSION: Both vastus lateralis and rectus femoris are effective in reducing acetabular dead space. While vastus lateralis can fill a greater volume, the rectus femoris flap has technical advantages, related to the predictability of the blood supply.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jhs-10.1177_17531934221095401 for The Berrettini palmar neural communicating branch: a study of 27 cadaveric specimens and determination of a high-risk surgical zone by Akos Marton, Shahzaib Ahmed, Gavin E. Jarvis, Cecilia Brassett, Ian Grant and Michael E. Gaunt in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jhs-10.1177_17531934221095401 for The Berrettini palmar neural communicating branch: a study of 27 cadaveric specimens and determination of a high-risk surgical zone by Akos Marton, Shahzaib Ahmed, Gavin E. Jarvis, Cecilia Brassett, Ian Grant and Michael E. Gaunt in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jhs-10.1177_17531934221095401 for The Berrettini palmar neural communicating branch: a study of 27 cadaveric specimens and determination of a high-risk surgical zone by Akos Marton, Shahzaib Ahmed, Gavin E. Jarvis, Cecilia Brassett, Ian Grant and Michael E. Gaunt in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jhs-10.1177_17531934221095401 for The Berrettini palmar neural communicating branch: a study of 27 cadaveric specimens and determination of a high-risk surgical zone by Akos Marton, Shahzaib Ahmed, Gavin E. Jarvis, Cecilia Brassett, Ian Grant and Michael E. Gaunt in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jhs-10.1177_17531934221095401 for The Berrettini palmar neural communicating branch: a study of 27 cadaveric specimens and determination of a high-risk surgical zone by Akos Marton, Shahzaib Ahmed, Gavin E. Jarvis, Cecilia Brassett, Ian Grant and Michael E. Gaunt in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is common, with a greater prevalence in females. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for clinical investigation, ultrasonography represents a potential alternative in some clinical scenarios. We designed a protocol for ultrasonographic evaluation of the TMJ and assessed its reliability. Presentation was compared between the sexes to establish whether an anatomical dichotomy underlies the female preponderance of TMJ dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound imaging of the TMJ was carried out in the longitudinal and oblique planes. Standard images were produced using model skulls and healthy volunteers. Measurements were made between the temporal bone, mandibular condyle, joint capsule and overlying skin, as well as of condylar translation during mouth opening. Both joints were scanned in 50 healthy volunteers. Measurements were repeated to evaluate reliability. A novel classification system was used to assess lateral condylar morphology. RESULTS: The protocol facilitated reliable visualization of key anatomical features of the TMJ (average intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75, p ¯ = 5.4E-03). Distribution of condylar morphology differed between the sexes. The capsular-cutaneous distance ('joint depth') and condylar-temporal bone distance ('interarticular distance') were significantly greater in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography provides reliable views of the TMJ in two planes: longitudinal and oblique. Observed sexual dimorphism in TMJ anatomy might be associated with the female preponderance of dysfunction. With a standardized scanning protocol, ultrasound could provide a rapid, cost-effective alternative to MRI as a point-of-care imaging tool in TMJ clinics.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to global disruption of healthcare. Many students volunteered to provide clinical support. Volunteering to work in a clinical capacity was a unique medical education opportunity; however, it is unknown whether this was a positive learning experience or which volunteering roles were of most benefit to students. Methods: The COVIDReady2 study is a national cross-sectional study of all medical students at medical schools in the United Kingdom. The primary outcome is to explore the experiences of medical students who volunteered during the pandemic in comparison to those who did not. We will compare responses to determine the educational benefit and issues they faced. In addition to quantitative analysis, thematic analysis will be used to identify themes in qualitative responses. Discussion: There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that service roles have potential to enhance medical education; yet, there is a shortage of studies able to offer practical advice for how these roles may be incorporated in future medical education. We anticipate that this study will help to identify volunteer structures that have been beneficial for students, so that similar infrastructures can be used in the future, and help inform medical education in a non-pandemic setting. Trial registration: Not Applicable.

INTRODUCTION: The lungs have three main fissures: the right oblique fissure (ROF), right horizontal fissure (RHF), and left oblique fissure (LOF). These can be complete, incomplete or absent; quantifying the degree of completeness of these fissures is novel. Standard textbooks often refer to the fissures as complete, but awareness of variation is essential in thoracic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fissures in 81 pairs of cadaveric lungs were classified. Oblique fissures were measured from lung hila posteriorly to the lung hila anteriorly; and the RHF measured from the ROF to the anteromedial lung edge. The degree of completeness of fissures was expressed as a percentage of the total projected length were they to be complete. The frequency and location of accessory fissures was noted. RESULTS: LOF were complete in 66/81 (81.5%), incomplete in 13/81 (16.0%) and absent in 2/81 (2.47%); ROF were complete in 52/81 (64.2%), incomplete in 29/81 (35.8%) and never absent; RHF were more variable, complete in 18/81 (22.2%), incomplete in 54/81 (66.7%) and absent in 9/81 (11.1%). LOF and ROF were on average 97.1% and 91.6% complete, respectively, being deficient posteriorly at the lung hila. The RHF on average 69.4% complete, being deficient anteromedially. There were accessory fissures in 10 left and 19 right lungs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a projection of the anatomy thoracic surgeons may encounter at operation, in particular the variable RHF. This knowledge is essential for optimal outcomes in both benign and oncological procedures influenced by the fissures.

Additional file 1. Appenfix B. Survey. *Compulsory (only three questions).

INTRODUCTION: This study examines sex differences in the disposition of the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon in undisturbed cadaveric abdomens and relates these findings to the anecdotal observation that colonoscopy is more challenging in females through the formation of tortuous bowel loops. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty two undisturbed cadaveric abdomens were inspected. Three distinct configuration grades were separately assigned to the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon on the basis of the pattern of the bowel loops observed in situ. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze sex differences in bowel loop configuration and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to identify co-occurrence of configuration grades in the subjects. RESULTS: For the transverse segment, females had higher configuration grades corresponding to longer bowel loops with greater redundancy, compared to males (p = .000047). There was no sex difference in the sigmoid segment grade (p = .21636). Sigmoid and transverse segment grades were highly correlated in the subjects (coefficient = 0.9994). CONCLUSION: Sex differences in the configuration grades of the sigmoid or transverse colonic segments may be a significant contributing factor to increased difficulty of colonoscopy in females.