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Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_1 for The prevalence, trends and determinants of mental health disorders in older Australians living in permanent residential aged care: Implications for policy and quality of aged care services by Azmeraw T Amare, Gillian E Caughey, Craig Whitehead, Catherine E Lang, Sarah CE Bray, Megan Corlis, Renuka Visvanathan, Steve Wesselingh and Maria C Inacio in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Supplemental material, Appendix_A_Supplementary_file for The prevalence, trends and determinants of mental health disorders in older Australians living in permanent residential aged care: Implications for policy and quality of aged care services by Azmeraw T Amare, Gillian E Caughey, Craig Whitehead, Catherine E Lang, Sarah CE Bray, Megan Corlis, Renuka Visvanathan, Steve Wesselingh and Maria C Inacio in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Background. Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have been suggested based on various data sets and methods. Results. We present a fully resolved phylogeny for ursids based on ten complete mitochondrial genome sequences from all eight living and two recently extinct bear species, the European cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) and the American giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus). The mitogenomic data yield a well-resolved topology for ursids, with the sloth bear at the basal position within the genus Ursus. The sun bear is the sister taxon to both the American and Asian black bears, and this clade is the sister clade of cave bear, brown bear and polar bear confirming a recent study on bear mitochondrial genomes. Conclusion. Sequences from extinct bears represent the third and fourth Pleistocene species for which complete mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced. Moreover, the cave bear specimen demonstrates that mitogenomic studies can be applied to Pleistocene fossils that have not been preserved in permafrost, and therefore have a broad application within ancient DNA research. Molecular dating of the mtDNA divergence times suggests a rapid radiation of bears in both the Old and New Worlds around 5 million years ago, at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This coincides with major global changes, such as the Messinian crisis and the first opening of the Bering Strait, and suggests a global influence of such events on species radiations., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Background: Understanding the health profile, service and medicine use of Australians in the aged care sector will help inform appropriate service provision for our ageing population. Aims: To examine the 2006–2015 trends in (i) comorbidities and frailty of individuals accessing aged care, and (ii) health services, medicine use and mortality after entry into long-term care. Methods: Cross-sectional and population-based trend analyses were conducted using the Registry of Senior Australians. Results: From 2006 to 2015, 509 944 individuals accessed permanent residential care, 206 394 home care, 283 014 respite and 124 943 transition care. Over this time, the proportion of individuals accessing permanent residential care with high frailty scores (≥0.3) increased (19.7–49.7%), as did the proportion with 5–9 comorbidities (46.4–54.5%), with similar trends observed for those accessing other services. The median number of medicines dispensed in the year after entering permanent residential care increased from 9 (interquartile range (IQR) 6–12) to 10 (IQR 7–14), while remaining stable in home care (2006: 9, IQR 5–12, 2015: 9, IQR 6–13). Short-term (within 100 days) mortality in those accessing permanent care was higher in 2006 (15.6%, 95% CI 15.2–16.0) than 2015 (14.6%, 95% CI 14.3–14.9). Longer term (101–1095 days, 2006: 44.3%, 95% CI 43.7–45.0, 2015: 46.4%, 95% CI 45.8–46.9) mortality was higher in 2015 compared to 2006. Mortality in individuals accessing home care did not change. Conclusion: The health of older Australians accessing aged care programmes has declined while frailty increased, with an increasing use of medicine and worse long-term mortality in some. Funding and care models need to adapt to this changing profile. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Objective: To evaluate access to approved aged care services and factors associated with accessing these services.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted (1/7/2003-30/6/2013). The incidence of accessing permanent residential, home and respite care services withinone year, or transition care within 28 days of approval, was evaluated. The association of participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, limitations, health conditions and assessment characteristics with service use was evaluated.Results: In 799 750 older Australians, the incidence of accessing approved permanent residential care within one year was 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]70.8%-71.0%), home care 49.5% (95% CI 49.3%-49.7%) and respite care 41.8% (95%CI 41.7%-41.9%). The incidence of accessing transition care within 28 days was 78.5% (95% CI 78.2%-78.7%). Aged care seekers’, assessments’ and assessors’ characteristics are associated with service access.Conclusion: Monitoring the use of aged care service approvals to identify service access barriers can support ongoing evidence-based policy changes. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare blood disorder characterized by red cell aplasia and is often accompanied by a variety of congenital abnormalities. It typically presents in infancy with macrocytic anemia and is associated with an increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), leukemia, and solid tumors.1 The overall actuarial survival at 40 years is 75%. Current modes of therapy include corticosteroid treatment or red cell transfusions. Treatment-related complications like iron overload (treated by chelation therapy), infections, and bone marrow (BM) transplant related complications are leading causes of death in most DBA patients rather than severe aplastic anemia and malignancy. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, approximately 20% of DBA patients enter spontaneous remission, wherein physiologically stable hemoglobin (Hb) levels are maintained in the absence of steroid therapy or transfusions. Refereed/Peer-reviewed