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l biologo e filosofo della biologia estone-tedesco Jakob von Uexk��ll (1864-1944) gioca un ruolo di primo piano nello sviluppo del pensiero etico e antropologico di Romano Guardini. Elementi della biologia teorica di Uexk��ll entrano in gioco, in particolare, nella determinazione guardiniana del concetto di persona. Se da un lato la persona viene letta da Guardini come una configurazione gestaltica (e qui Guardini si rif�� invece all���approccio di Wolfgang K��hler), dall���altro lato essa �� vista come istanza formatrice di una sfera individuale del senso e del valore, di un mondo-ambiente originale e irripetibile. In questo secondo aspetto, Guardini sfrutta pienamente le potenzialit�� del concetto uexk��lliano di Umwelt, recependone anche un tratto (la variabilit�� intra-specifica) spesso ignorato dagli interpreti., Nuovo Giornale di Filosofia della Religione, N. 11 Settembre - Dicembre 2019

This paper aims at investigating some philosophical assumptions of Jakob von Uexk��ll���s biological Umweltlehre. After a short exposition of Uexk��ll���s (Kantian) idea of the animal subjectivity, the contribution will focus on the correction strategies Uexk��ll puts into act, in different places of his works, to remedy the main limit of his subjectivism (i.e., the risk of solipsism). We will examine, in particular, three of these strategies, showing that they resume (explicitly or implicitly) some classical patterns of thought of Western philosophy: 1) Aristotelian (neo)vitalistic notions; 2) ���Leibnizian��� forms of pre-established harmony; 3) Platonic idealism. In the concluding remarks, the paper will highlight some limits of the philosophical toolkit through which Uexk��ll faces the problems arising from his ���modified Kantism���. This criticism opens up the possibility to assign the role of coordinating and harmonizing the different species-specific Umwelten to evolution by natural selection (in the way some current evolutionists think of it)., Thaum��zein | Rivista di Filosofia, V. 8 (2020): Morphology, Plasticity, and Transformation between Philosophy and Biology

This paper focuses on the way in which some AI scientists approach the themes of the will and motivation of AIs, with particular reference to scenarios in which the conduct of a hostile AI leads to apocalyptic conflicts with humans. The adopted criterion is the presence (or absence) in the hostile AI of higher-order cognitive processes, and, above all, of second-order desires. Such criterion, central to analytical moral philosophy and already used in the debate on animal rights, is helpful in highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of many of the most widespread AI theories., BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N. 1 (2021)

This paper focuses on the role played by Philippe Pinel���s Trait�� medico-philosophique sur l���ali��nation mentale (1800), a fundamental text in 19th century European psychiatry, in Antonio Rosmini���s discussion of mental alienation, as it is developed in Antropologia in servizio della scienza morale (1844). As a secondary objective, our analysis aims at understanding whether Rosmini���s use of the Trait�� can help modify the critics��� assessment of Pinel���s figure and work, with particular regard to Michel Foucault���s well-known thesis in Histoire de la folie �� l�����ge classique (1961)., Rosmini Studies, N. 7 (2020)

This paper offers an initial investigation of some philosophical-anthropological and phenomenological aspects of Nicolai Hartmann���s Philosophie der Natur. In this work, besides the critical analysis of the ontological articulation of the natural being, Hartmann shows great interest in the spontaneous, unmediated usage of some categories of natural ontology (space, time, causality, process, and so on). Our particular focus is Hartmann���s analysis of the pre-critical spatial self-perception of the subject, that reveals wide-ranging links with the phenomenologically relevant issues of the living corporeity (Leiblichkeit) and the delimitation of a personal sphere of experience., Thaum��zein | Rivista di Filosofia, Vol 4 (2016): Vol. 5 (2017) - Volume doppio: Filosofia della nascita

The article focuses on Rosmini���s concept of instinctive behaviour, as it is developed in the Anthropology as an Aid to the Moral Science. Rosmini refers to instinct in opposition to a widespread trend towards the mechanization of the animal; to this aim, he includes in the animal���s instinctuality the faculty of imagination. Animal imagination is seen as responsible for behavioural phenomena such as imitation and sympathy, and can even constitute an inner world organized around reliable space-time coordinates. In the concluding remarks, it will be shown that Rosmini���s approach was highly original in the contemporary and immediately subsequent Italian philosophical context., Rosmini Studies, N. 4 (2017)

Cet article présente une évaluation critique du transhumanisme contemporaine en se servant de catégories provenant de la biologie, de l’éthologie et de l’anthropologie. Il semblerait que les problèmes affrontés par le mouvement transhumaniste – que ce soit par des moyens centrés, parfois ingénument, sur l’usage des nouvelles technologies – soient de vrais problèmes adaptatifs, des difficultés réelles que les êtres humains concrets rencontrent dans le milieu social et culturel contemporain., “Human and Transhuman environment: Transhumanism as a Process of Cultural Pseudospeciation”. This paper offers a critical assessment of contemporary transhumanism, drawing on various biological, ethological, and anthropological. It seems that the problems faced by the transhumanist movement –and whose proposed solutions are centred, sometimes naively, on the use of new technologies– constitute genuine problems of adaptation, concrete difficulties that people have to face in the cultural environment of contemporary societies.