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1. Erratum: Towards a muon collider

Author

Carlotta Accettura, Dean Adams, Rohit Agarwal, Claudia Ahdida, Chiara Aimè, Nicola Amapane, David Amorim, Paolo Andreetto, Fabio Anulli, Robert Appleby, Artur Apresyan, Aram Apyan, Sergey Arsenyev, Pouya Asadi, Mohammed Attia Mahmoud, Aleksandr Azatov, John Back, Lorenzo Balconi, Laura Bandiera, Roger Barlow, Nazar Bartosik, Emanuela Barzi, Fabian Batsch, Matteo Bauce, J. Scott Berg, Andrea Bersani, Alessandro Bertarelli, Alessandro Bertolin, Kevin Black, Fulvio Boattini, Alex Bogacz, Maurizio Bonesini, Bernardo Bordini, Salvatore Bottaro, Luca Bottura, Alessandro Braghieri, Marco Breschi, Natalie Bruhwiler, Xavier Buffat, Laura Buonincontri, Philip N. Burrows, Graeme Burt, Dario Buttazzo, Barbara Caiffi, Marco Calviani, Simone Calzaferri, Daniele Calzolari, Rodolfo Capdevilla, Christian Carli, Fausto Casaburo, Massimo Casarsa, Luca Castelli, Maria Gabriella Catanesi, Lorenzo Cavallucci, Gianluca Cavoto, Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Luigi Celona, Alessandro Cerri, Gianmario Cesarini, Cari Cesarotti, Grigorios Chachamis, Antoine Chance, Siyu Chen, Yang-Ting Chien, Mauro Chiesa, Anna Colaleo, Francesco Collamati, Gianmaria Collazuol, Marco Costa, Nathaniel Craig, Camilla Curatolo, David Curtin, Giacomo Da Molin, Magnus Dam, Heiko Damerau, Sridhara Dasu, Jorge de Blas, Stefania De Curtis, Ernesto De Matteis, Stefania De Rosa, Jean-Pierre Delahaye, Dmitri Denisov, Haluk Denizli, Christopher Densham, Radovan Dermisek, Luca Di Luzio, Elisa Di Meco, Biagio Di Micco, Keith Dienes, Eleonora Diociaiuti, Tommaso Dorigo, Alexey Dudarev, Robert Edgecock, Filippo Errico, Marco Fabbrichesi, Stefania Farinon, Anna Ferrari, Jose Antonio Ferreira Somoza, Frank Filthaut, Davide Fiorina, Elena Fol, Matthew Forslund, Roberto Franceschini, Rui Franqueira Ximenes, Emidio Gabrielli, Michele Gallinaro, Francesco Garosi, Luca Giambastiani, Alessio Gianelle, Simone Gilardoni, Dario Augusto Giove, Carlo Giraldin, Alfredo Glioti, Mario Greco, Admir Greljo, Ramona Groeber, Christophe Grojean, Alexej Grudiev, Jiayin Gu, Chengcheng Han, Tao Han, John Hauptman, Brian Henning, Keith Hermanek, Matthew Herndon, Tova Ray Holmes, Samuel Homiller, Guoyuan Huang, Sudip Jana, Sergo Jindariani, Paul Bogdan Jurj, Yonatan Kahn, Ivan Karpov, David Kelliher, Wolfgang Kilian, Antti Kolehmainen, Kyoungchul Kong, Patrick Koppenburg, Nils Kreher, Georgios Krintiras, Karol Krizka, Gordan Krnjaic, Benjamin T. Kuchma, Nilanjana Kumar, Anton Lechner, Lawrence Lee, Qiang Li, Roberto Li Voti, Ronald Lipton, Zhen Liu, Shivani Lomte, Kenneth Long, Jose Lorenzo Gomez, Roberto Losito, Ian Low, Qianshu Lu, Donatella Lucchesi, Lianliang Ma, Yang Ma, Shinji Machida, Fabio Maltoni, Marco Mandurrino, Bruno Mansoulie, Luca Mantani, Claude Marchand, Samuele Mariotto, Stewart Martin-Haugh, David Marzocca, Paola Mastrapasqua, Giorgio Mauro, Andrea Mazzolari, Navin McGinnis, Patrick Meade, Barbara Mele, Federico Meloni, Matthias Mentink, Claudia Merlassino, Elias Metral, Rebecca Miceli, Natalia Milas, Nikolai Mokhov, Alessandro Montella, Tim Mulder, Riccardo Musenich, Marco Nardecchia, Federico Nardi, Niko Neufeld, David Neuffer, Daniel Novelli, Yasar Onel, Domizia Orestano, Daniele Paesani, Simone Pagan Griso, Mark Palmer, Paolo Panci, Giuliano Panico, Rocco Paparella, Paride Paradisi, Antonio Passeri, Nadia Pastrone, Antonello Pellecchia, Fulvio Piccinini, Alfredo Portone, Karolos Potamianos, Marco Prioli, Lionel Quettier, Emilio Radicioni, Raffaella Radogna, Riccardo Rattazzi, Diego Redigolo, Laura Reina, Elodie Resseguie, Jürgen Reuter, Pier Luigi Ribani, Cristina Riccardi, Lorenzo Ricci, Stefania Ricciardi, Luciano Ristori, Tania Natalie Robens, Werner Rodejohann, Chris Rogers, Marco Romagnoni, Kevin Ronald, Lucio Rossi, Richard Ruiz, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, Filippo Sala, Jakub Salko, Paola Salvini, Ennio Salvioni, Jose Santiago, Ivano Sarra, Francisco Javier Saura Esteban, Jochen Schieck, Daniel Schulte, Michele Selvaggi, Carmine Senatore, Abdulkadir Senol, Daniele Sertore, Lorenzo Sestini, Varun Sharma, Vladimir Shiltsev, Jing Shu, Federica Maria Simone, Rosa Simoniello, Kyriacos Skoufaris, Massimo Sorbi, Stefano Sorti, Anna Stamerra, Steinar Stapnes, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Marco Statera, Bernd Stechauner, Daniel Stolarski, Diktys Stratakis, Shufang Su, Wei Su, Olcyr Sumensari, Xiaohu Sun, Raman Sundrum, Maximilian J. Swiatlowski, Alexei Sytov, Tim M. P. Tait, Jingyu Tang, Jian Tang, Andrea Tesi, Pietro Testoni, Brooks Thomas, Emily Anne Thompson, Riccardo Torre, Ludovico Tortora, Luca Tortora, Sokratis Trifinopoulos, Ilaria Vai, Marco Valente, Riccardo Umberto Valente, Alessandro Valenti, Nicolò Valle, Ursula van Rienen, Rosamaria Venditti, Arjan Verweij, Piet Verwilligen, Ludovico Vittorio, Paolo Vitulo, Liantao Wang, Hannsjorg Weber, Mariusz Wozniak, Richard Wu, Yongcheng Wu, Andrea Wulzer, Keping Xie, Akira Yamamoto, Yifeng Yang, Katsuya Yonehara, Sangsik Yoon, Angela Zaza, Xiaoran Zhao, Alexander Zlobin, Davide Zuliani, and Jose Zurita

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2024
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2. Towards a muon collider

Author

Carlotta Accettura, Dean Adams, Rohit Agarwal, Claudia Ahdida, Chiara Aimè, Nicola Amapane, David Amorim, Paolo Andreetto, Fabio Anulli, Robert Appleby, Artur Apresyan, Aram Apyan, Sergey Arsenyev, Pouya Asadi, Mohammed Attia Mahmoud, Aleksandr Azatov, John Back, Lorenzo Balconi, Laura Bandiera, Roger Barlow, Nazar Bartosik, Emanuela Barzi, Fabian Batsch, Matteo Bauce, J. Scott Berg, Andrea Bersani, Alessandro Bertarelli, Alessandro Bertolin, Kevin Black, Fulvio Boattini, Alex Bogacz, Maurizio Bonesini, Bernardo Bordini, Salvatore Bottaro, Luca Bottura, Alessandro Braghieri, Marco Breschi, Natalie Bruhwiler, Xavier Buffat, Laura Buonincontri, Philip N. Burrows, Graeme Burt, Dario Buttazzo, Barbara Caiffi, Marco Calviani, Simone Calzaferri, Daniele Calzolari, Rodolfo Capdevilla, Christian Carli, Fausto Casaburo, Massimo Casarsa, Luca Castelli, Maria Gabriella Catanesi, Lorenzo Cavallucci, Gianluca Cavoto, Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Luigi Celona, Alessandro Cerri, Gianmario Cesarini, Cari Cesarotti, Grigorios Chachamis, Antoine Chance, Siyu Chen, Yang-Ting Chien, Mauro Chiesa, Anna Colaleo, Francesco Collamati, Gianmaria Collazuol, Marco Costa, Nathaniel Craig, Camilla Curatolo, David Curtin, Giacomo Da Molin, Magnus Dam, Heiko Damerau, Sridhara Dasu, Jorge de Blas, Stefania De Curtis, Ernesto De Matteis, Stefania De Rosa, Jean-Pierre Delahaye, Dmitri Denisov, Haluk Denizli, Christopher Densham, Radovan Dermisek, Luca Di Luzio, Elisa Di Meco, Biagio Di Micco, Keith Dienes, Eleonora Diociaiuti, Tommaso Dorigo, Alexey Dudarev, Robert Edgecock, Filippo Errico, Marco Fabbrichesi, Stefania Farinon, Anna Ferrari, Jose Antonio Ferreira Somoza, Frank Filthaut, Davide Fiorina, Elena Fol, Matthew Forslund, Roberto Franceschini, Rui Franqueira Ximenes, Emidio Gabrielli, Michele Gallinaro, Francesco Garosi, Luca Giambastiani, Alessio Gianelle, Simone Gilardoni, Dario Augusto Giove, Carlo Giraldin, Alfredo Glioti, Mario Greco, Admir Greljo, Ramona Groeber, Christophe Grojean, Alexej Grudiev, Jiayin Gu, Chengcheng Han, Tao Han, John Hauptman, Brian Henning, Keith Hermanek, Matthew Herndon, Tova Ray Holmes, Samuel Homiller, Guoyuan Huang, Sudip Jana, Sergo Jindariani, Paul Bogdan Jurj, Yonatan Kahn, Ivan Karpov, David Kelliher, Wolfgang Kilian, Antti Kolehmainen, Kyoungchul Kong, Patrick Koppenburg, Nils Kreher, Georgios Krintiras, Karol Krizka, Gordan Krnjaic, Benjamin T. Kuchma, Nilanjana Kumar, Anton Lechner, Lawrence Lee, Qiang Li, Roberto Li Voti, Ronald Lipton, Zhen Liu, Shivani Lomte, Kenneth Long, Jose Lorenzo Gomez, Roberto Losito, Ian Low, Qianshu Lu, Donatella Lucchesi, Lianliang Ma, Yang Ma, Shinji Machida, Fabio Maltoni, Marco Mandurrino, Bruno Mansoulie, Luca Mantani, Claude Marchand, Samuele Mariotto, Stewart Martin-Haugh, David Marzocca, Paola Mastrapasqua, Giorgio Mauro, Andrea Mazzolari, Navin McGinnis, Patrick Meade, Barbara Mele, Federico Meloni, Matthias Mentink, Claudia Merlassino, Elias Metral, Rebecca Miceli, Natalia Milas, Nikolai Mokhov, Alessandro Montella, Tim Mulder, Riccardo Musenich, Marco Nardecchia, Federico Nardi, Niko Neufeld, David Neuffer, Daniel Novelli, Yasar Onel, Domizia Orestano, Daniele Paesani, Simone Pagan Griso, Mark Palmer, Paolo Panci, Giuliano Panico, Rocco Paparella, Paride Paradisi, Antonio Passeri, Nadia Pastrone, Antonello Pellecchia, Fulvio Piccinini, Alfredo Portone, Karolos Potamianos, Marco Prioli, Lionel Quettier, Emilio Radicioni, Raffaella Radogna, Riccardo Rattazzi, Diego Redigolo, Laura Reina, Elodie Resseguie, Jürgen Reuter, Pier Luigi Ribani, Cristina Riccardi, Lorenzo Ricci, Stefania Ricciardi, Luciano Ristori, Tania Natalie Robens, Werner Rodejohann, Chris Rogers, Marco Romagnoni, Kevin Ronald, Lucio Rossi, Richard Ruiz, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, Filippo Sala, Jakub Salko, Paola Salvini, Ennio Salvioni, Jose Santiago, Ivano Sarra, Francisco Javier Saura Esteban, Jochen Schieck, Daniel Schulte, Michele Selvaggi, Carmine Senatore, Abdulkadir Senol, Daniele Sertore, Lorenzo Sestini, Varun Sharma, Vladimir Shiltsev, Jing Shu, Federica Maria Simone, Rosa Simoniello, Kyriacos Skoufaris, Massimo Sorbi, Stefano Sorti, Anna Stamerra, Steinar Stapnes, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Marco Statera, Bernd Stechauner, Daniel Stolarski, Diktys Stratakis, Shufang Su, Wei Su, Olcyr Sumensari, Xiaohu Sun, Raman Sundrum, Maximilian J. Swiatlowski, Alexei Sytov, Tim M. P. Tait, Jingyu Tang, Jian Tang, Andrea Tesi, Pietro Testoni, Brooks Thomas, Emily Anne Thompson, Riccardo Torre, Ludovico Tortora, Luca Tortora, Sokratis Trifinopoulos, Ilaria Vai, Marco Valente, Riccardo Umberto Valente, Alessandro Valenti, Nicolò Valle, Ursula van Rienen, Rosamaria Venditti, Arjan Verweij, Piet Verwilligen, Ludovico Vittorio, Paolo Vitulo, Liantao Wang, Hannsjorg Weber, Mariusz Wozniak, Richard Wu, Yongcheng Wu, Andrea Wulzer, Keping Xie, Akira Yamamoto, Yifeng Yang, Katsuya Yonehara, Sangsik Yoon, Angela Zaza, Xiaoran Zhao, Alexander Zlobin, Davide Zuliani, and Jose Zurita

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.

Published
2023
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3. Towards a nonperturbative construction of the S-matrix

Author

Brian Henning, Hitoshi Murayama, Francesco Riva, Jedidiah O. Thompson, and Matthew T. Walters

Subjects
Nonperturbative Effects, Scattering Amplitudes, Field Theories in Lower Dimensions, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present a nonperturbative recipe for directly computing the S-matrix in strongly-coupled QFTs. The method makes use of spectral data obtained in a Hamiltonian framework and can be applied to a wide range of theories, including potentially QCD. We demonstrate the utility of this prescription in the specific example of the 2+1d O(N) model at large N, using energy eigenstates computed with Hamiltonian truncation to reproduce the full 2 → 2 scattering amplitude for arbitrary (complex) center-of-mass energy.

Published
2023
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4. Hilbert series, the Higgs mechanism, and HEFT

Author

Lukáš Gráf, Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Effective Field Theories, Gauge Symmetry, Higgs Properties, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We expand Hilbert series technologies in effective field theory for the inclusion of massive particles, enabling, among other things, the enumeration of operator bases for non-linearly realized gauge theories. We find that the Higgs mechanism is manifest at the level of the Hilbert series, as expected for the partition function of an S-matrix that is subject to the Goldstone equivalence theorem. In addition to massive vectors, we detail how other massive, spinning particles can be studied with Hilbert series; in particular, we spell out the ingredients for massive gravity in general spacetime dimensions. Further methodology is introduced to enable Hilbert series to capture the effect of spurion fields acquiring vevs. We apply the techniques to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT), providing a systematic enumeration of its operator basis. This is achieved both from a direct and a custodial symmetry spurion-based approach; we compare and contrast the two approaches, and our results to those appearing in previous literature.

Published
2023
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5. Outer automorphism anomalies

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Discrete Symmetries, Duality in Gauge Field Theories, Nonperturbative Effects, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We discuss anomalies associated with outer automorphisms in gauge theories based on classical groups, namely charge conjugations for SU(N ) and parities for SO(2r). We emphasize the inequivalence (yet related by a flavor transformation) between two versions of charge conjugation for SU(2k), SO(2r), and E 6 symmetries. The subgroups that commute with the outer automorphisms are identified. Some charge conjugations can lead to a paradox, which is resolved by the observation that they are anomalous and hence not symmetries. We then discuss anomaly matching conditions that involve the charge conjugations or parities. Interesting examples are given where the charge conjugation is spontaneously broken.

Published
2022
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6. 2, 12, 117, 1959, 45171, 1170086, …: a Hilbert series for the QCD chiral Lagrangian

Author

Lukáš Gráf, Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Chiral Lagrangians, Effective Field Theories, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We apply Hilbert series techniques to the enumeration of operators in the mesonic QCD chiral Lagrangian. Existing Hilbert series technologies for non-linear realizations are extended to incorporate the external fields. The action of charge conjugation is addressed by folding the su n $$ \mathfrak{su}(n) $$ Dynkin diagrams, which we detail in an appendix that can be read separately as it has potential broader applications. New results include the enumeration of anomalous operators appearing in the chiral Lagrangian at order p 8, as well as enumeration of CP-even, CP-odd, C-odd, and P-odd terms beginning from order p 6. The method is extendable to very high orders, and we present results up to order p 16. (The title sequence is the number of independent C-even and P-even operators in the mesonic QCD chiral Lagrangian with three light flavors of quarks, at chiral dimensions p 2, p 4, p 6, …)

Published
2021
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7. Improved BSM sensitivity in diboson processes at linear colliders

Author

Brian Henning, Davide Maria Lombardo, and Francesco Riva

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We study $$W^+W^-$$ W+W- and Zh final sstates at future linear $$e^+e^-$$ e+e- colliders; designing analyses specific to the various final state polarizations allows us to target specific beyond the Standard Model (BSM) effects, parametrized in the form of dimension-6 operators. We find that CLIC can access effects roughly an order of magnitude smaller than HL-LHC or ILC, and two orders of magnitude smaller than LEP. These results are interpreted in the context of well-motivated BSM scenarios–at weak and strong coupling–where we expect correlated effects in Drell–Yann processes. The latter turn out to have better discovery potential, although the diboson processes provide additional discriminating power, potentially furnishing a way to measure the spin and coupling of BSM states.

Published
2020
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8. One-loop matching and running with covariant derivative expansion

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Effective Field Theories, Gauge Symmetry, Renormalization Group, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We develop tools for performing effective field theory (EFT) calculations in a manifestly gauge-covariant fashion. We clarify how functional methods account for one-loop diagrams resulting from the exchange of both heavy and light fields, as some confusion has recently arisen in the literature. To efficiently evaluate functional traces containing these “mixed” one-loop terms, we develop a new covariant derivative expansion (CDE) technique that is capable of evaluating a much wider class of traces than previous methods. The technique is detailed in an appendix, so that it can be read independently from the rest of this work. We review the well-known matching procedure to one-loop order with functional methods. What we add to this story is showing how to isolate one-loop terms coming from diagrams involving only heavy propagators from diagrams with mixed heavy and light propagators. This is done using a non-local effective action, which physically connects to the notion of “integrating out” heavy fields. Lastly, we show how to use a CDE to do running analyses in EFTs, i.e. to obtain the anomalous dimension matrix. We demonstrate the methodologies by several explicit example calculations.

Published
2018
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9. Operator bases, S-matrices, and their partition functions

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Effective Field Theories, Differential and Algebraic Geometry, Scattering Amplitudes, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Relativistic quantum systems that admit scattering experiments are quantitatively described by effective field theories, where S-matrix kinematics and symmetry considerations are encoded in the operator spectrum of the EFT. In this paper we use the S-matrix to derive the structure of the EFT operator basis, providing complementary descriptions in (i) position space utilizing the conformal algebra and cohomology and (ii) momentum space via an algebraic formulation in terms of a ring of momenta with kinematics implemented as an ideal. These frameworks systematically handle redundancies associated with equations of motion (on-shell) and integration by parts (momentum conservation). We introduce a partition function, termed the Hilbert series, to enumerate the operator basis — correspondingly, the S-matrix — and derive a matrix integral expression to compute the Hilbert series. The expression is general, easily applied in any spacetime dimension, with arbitrary field content and (linearly realized) symmetries. In addition to counting, we discuss construction of the basis. Simple algorithms follow from the algebraic formulation in momentum space. We explicitly compute the basis for operators involving up to n = 5 scalar fields. This construction universally applies to fields with spin, since the operator basis for scalars encodes the momentum dependence of n-point amplitudes. We discuss in detail the operator basis for non-linearly realized symmetries. In the presence of massless particles, there is freedom to impose additional structure on the S- matrix in the form of soft limits. The most na¨ıve implementation for massless scalars leads to the operator basis for pions, which we confirm using the standard CCWZ formulation for non-linear realizations. Although primarily discussed in the language of EFT, some of our results — conceptual and quantitative — may be of broader use in studying conformal field theories as well as the AdS/CFT correspondence.

Published
2017
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10. 2, 84, 30, 993, 560, 15456, 11962, 261485, . . .: higher dimension operators in the SM EFT

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Beyond Standard Model, Effective Field Theories, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In a companion paper [1], we show that operator bases for general effective field theories are controlled by the conformal algebra. Equations of motion and integration by parts identities can be systematically treated by organizing operators into irreducible representations of the conformal group. In the present work, we use this result to study the standard model effective field theory (SM EFT), determining the content and number of higher dimension operators up to dimension 12, for an arbitrary number of fermion generations. We find additional operators to those that have appeared in the literature at dimension 7 (specifically in the case of more than one fermion generation) and at dimension 8. (The title sequence is the total number of independent operators in the SM EFT with one fermion generation, including hermitian conjugates, ordered in mass dimension, starting at dimension 5.)

Published
2017
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11. Erratum to: 2, 84, 30, 993, 560, 15456, 11962, 261485, …: higher dimension operators in the SM EFT

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We fix a typographical error that occurred in copying the output of the Hilbert series of the standard model effective field theory into the unnumbered equation in section 4.2 that counts the number of independent operators as a function of the number of fermion generations, N f , split according to baryon violation number.

Published
2019
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12. Spokane Beat the Heat: Correlations of Urban Heat with Race and Income in Spokane, Washington

Author

Brian Henning, Kaitlan Ducken, Karli Honebein, Corrina Farho, and Ben Brown

Abstract

The Gonzaga Center for Climate, Society, and the Environment led a community effort to better understand how extreme heat affects different neighborhoods and different individuals by constructing maps of urban heat island and connecting them to demographic factors through a correlation analysis. This research reveals that extreme heat events affect not only the unhoused, but also many thousands of people across large segments of the Spokane community. Not all regions or demographics in Spokane are equally affected by extreme heat. Differences in green space and the built environment mean that some people are more likely to be in danger during future extreme heat events.

Published
2023
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14. Reconnaissance of Surface Water Estrogenicity and the Prevalence of Intersex in Smallmouth Bass (

Author

Luke R, Iwanowicz, Kelly L, Smalling, Vicki S, Blazer, Ryan P, Braham, Lakyn R, Sanders, Anna, Boetsma, Nicholas A, Procopio, Sandra, Goodrow, Gary A, Buchanan, Daniel R, Millemann, Bruce, Ruppel, John, Vile, Brian, Henning, and John, Abatemarco

Subjects
Male, fish, New Jersey, intersex, Disorders of Sex Development, Water, land use, Estrogens, endocrine disruption, Article, smallmouth bass, Rivers, bioassay, New England, Prevalence, estrogen, Animals, Bass, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

The observation of testicular oocytes in male fishes has been utilized as a biomarker of estrogenic endocrine disruption. A reconnaissance project led in the Northeastern United States (US) during the period of 2008–2010 identified a high prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass on or near US Fish & Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges that included the observation of 100% prevalence in smallmouth bass males collected from the Wallkill River, NJ, USA. To better assess the prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass across the state of New Jersey, a tiered reconnaissance approach was initiated during the fall of 2016. Surface water samples were collected from 101 (85 river, 16 lake/reservoir) sites across the state at base-flow conditions for estrogenicity bioassay screening. Detectable estrogenicity was observed at 90% of the sites and 64% were above the US Environmental Protection Agency trigger level of 1 ng/L. Median surface water estrogenicity was 1.8 ng/L and a maximum of 6.9 ng/L E2EqBLYES was observed. Adult smallmouth bass were collected from nine sites, pre-spawn during the spring of 2017. Intersex was identified in fish at all sites, and the composite intersex prevalence was 93.8%. Prevalence across sites ranged from 70.6% to 100%. In addition to intersex, there was detectable plasma vitellogenin in males at all sites. Total estrogenicity in surface water was determined at these fish collection sites, and notable change over time was observed. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between land use (altered land; urban + agriculture) and surface water estrogenicity. There were no clear associations between land use and organismal metrics of estrogenic endocrine disruption (intersex or vitellogenin). This work establishes a baseline prevalence of intersex in male smallmouth bass in the state of New Jersey at a limited number of locations and identifies a number of waterbodies with estrogenic activity above an effects-based threshold.

Published
2020

15. Erratum to: 2, 84, 30, 993, 560, 15456, 11962, 261485, …: higher dimension operators in the SM EFT

Author

Hitoshi Murayama, Xiaochuan Lu, Tom Melia, and Brian Henning

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Function (mathematics), Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Standard Model (mathematical formulation), symbols.namesake, Dimension (vector space), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, symbols, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Typographical error, Mathematical physics, Hilbert–Poincaré series
Abstract

We fix a typographical error that occurred in copying the output of the Hilbert series of the standard model effective field theory into the unnumbered equation in section 4.2 that counts the number of independent operators as a function of the number of fermion generations, N f , split according to baryon violation number.

Published
2019

16. Measuring Higgs Couplings without Higgs Bosons

Author

D. Lombardo, F. Riva, M. Riembau, and Brian Henning

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Particle physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Higgs boson, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:500.2, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Standard Model, Boson
Abstract

The measurement of Higgs couplings constitutes an important part of present standard model precision tests at colliders. We show that modifications of Higgs couplings induce energy-growing effects in specific amplitudes involving longitudinally polarized vector bosons, and we initiate a novel program to study these effects off shell and at high energy, rather than on the Higgs resonance. Our analysis suggests that these channels are complementary and competitive with familiar on-shell measurements; moreover, they offer endless opportunities for refinement and improvements.

Published
2019

17. O Pensamento Positivo: A Forma Correta de Pensar e de Superar a Negatividade em sua Vida

Author

Brian Henning and Brian Henning

Abstract

Neste livro você terá uma visão melhor sobre o funcionamento da mente e quais são os obstáculos que enfrentamos para conquistar o seu controle e direcioná-la rumo a pensamentos positivos enriquecedores. Além disso, este livro traz ferramentas que irão te ajudar a identificar o que está bloqueando a sua personalidade para que você se torne mais otimista, como também irá te ajudar a mudar os padrões do pensamento negativo para um pensamento mais positivo, construtivo e benéfico. O que esperar deste livro? Ele é cheio de afirmações poderosas para pais e educadores usarem com bebês e crianças em tenra idade para programarem seus subconscientes para uma vida incrível. Estas afirmações irão te direcionar a uma vida linda, cheia de amor, saúde, inteligência e prosperidade. Neste livro iremos discutir como dominar o pensamento positivo pode beneficiar a sua vida. Consideraremos algumas técnicas úteis e exercícios que podem ser praticados em casa para treinar a sua mente para que você possa pensar e reagir de uma forma mais positiva a tudo o que a vida lhe apresentar. Ao aprender a pensar positivamente, você crescerá como pessoa e obterá sucesso na vida de uma maneira que você nunca pensou ser possível antes.

Published
2020

18. Constructing effective field theories via their harmonics

Author

Brian Henning and Tom Melia

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Harmonic (mathematics), ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Harmonic analysis, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Operator (computer programming), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Grassmannian, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Quantum field theory, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We consider the construction of operator bases for massless, relativistic quantum field theories, and show this is equivalent to obtaining the harmonic modes of a physical manifold (the kinematic Grassmannian), upon which observables have support. This enables us to recast the approach of effective field theory (EFT) through the lens of harmonic analysis. We explicitly construct harmonics corresponding to low mass dimension EFT operators.

Published
2019

19. Hilbert series and operator bases with derivatives in effective field theories

Author

Brian Henning, Hitoshi Murayama, Tom Melia, and Xiaochuan Lu

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Pure mathematics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Polynomial ring, Scalar (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, Equations of motion, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 01 natural sciences, Representation theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Operator (computer programming), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Effective field theory, Integration by parts, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Hilbert–Poincaré series
Abstract

We introduce a systematic framework for counting and finding independent operators in effective field theories, taking into account the redundancies associated with use of the classical equations of motion and integration by parts. By working in momentum space, we show that the enumeration problem can be mapped onto that of understanding a polynomial ring in the field momenta. All-order information about the number of independent operators in an effective field theory is encoded in a geometrical object of the ring known as the Hilbert series. We obtain the Hilbert series for the theory of N real scalar fields in (0+1) dimensions--an example, free of space-time and internal symmetries, where aspects of our framework are most transparent. Although this is as simple a theory involving derivatives as one could imagine, it provides fruitful lessons to be carried into studies of more complicated theories: we find surprising and rich structure from an interplay between integration by parts and equations of motion and a connection with SL(2,C) representation theory which controls the structure of the operator basis., Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures

Published
2015
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20. How to use the Standard Model effective field theory

Author

Brian Henning, Xiaochuan Lu, and Hitoshi Murayama

Subjects
Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, FOS: Physical sciences, Effective field theories, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Mathematical Sciences, Covariant derivative, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Covariant transformation, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Effective action, Mathematical Physics, Gauge symmetry, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electroweak interaction, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Gauge Symmetry, Physical Sciences, Beyond Standard Model, Higgs boson
Abstract

We present a practical three-step procedure of using the Standard Model effective field theory (SM EFT) to connect ultraviolet (UV) models of new physics with weak scale precision observables. With this procedure, one can interpret precision measurements as constraints on a given UV model. We give a detailed explanation for calculating the effective action up to one-loop order in a manifestly gauge covariant fashion. This covariant derivative expansion method dramatically simplifies the process of matching a UV model with the SM EFT, and also makes available a universal formalism that is easy to use for a variety of UV models. A few general aspects of RG running effects and choosing operator bases are discussed. Finally, we provide mapping results between the bosonic sector of the SM EFT and a complete set of precision electroweak and Higgs observables to which present and near future experiments are sensitive. Many results and tools which should prove useful to those wishing to use the SM EFT are detailed in several appendices., 99 pages, 11 figures. V2: Typos corrected, references added. Fixed a link to Mathematica notebook for download. Substantial text changes for clarification with no change in results. In particular, sections 2.5, 3, and 5 received clarifying edits. Additionally, results from part of appendix A have been separated out to a new appendix

Published
2016
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21. One-loop Matching and Running with Covariant Derivative Expansion

Author

Brian Henning, Hitoshi Murayama, and Xiaochuan Lu

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Matching (graph theory), Dimension (graph theory), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Mathematical Sciences, Covariant derivative, Matrix (mathematics), Particle and Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Field theory (psychology), Nuclear, Renormalization Group, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Effective action, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Propagator, Molecular, Effective Field Theories, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Algebra, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Gauge Symmetry, Physical Sciences, lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract

We develop tools for performing effective field theory (EFT) calculations in a manifestly gauge-covariant fashion. We clarify how functional methods account for one-loop diagrams resulting from the exchange of both heavy and light fields, as some confusion has recently arisen in the literature. To efficiently evaluate functional traces containing these "mixed" one-loop terms, we develop a new covariant derivative expansion (CDE) technique that is capable of evaluating a much wider class of traces than previous methods. The technique is detailed in an appendix, so that it can be read independently from the rest of this work. We review the well-known matching procedure to one-loop order with functional methods. What we add to this story is showing how to isolate one-loop terms coming from diagrams involving only heavy propagators from diagrams with mixed heavy and light propagators. This is done using a non-local effective action, which physically connects to the notion of "integrating out" heavy fields. Lastly, we show how to use a CDE to do running analyses in EFTs, \textit{i.e.} to obtain the anomalous dimension matrix. We demonstrate the methodologies by several explicit example calculations., Comment: 45 pages + appendices. A short path through this paper is to read the introduction, sections 2.3, 3.1, 5.1, and appendix A

Published
2016
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22. A keV string axion from high scale supersymmetry

Author

Brian Henning, Tsutomu T. Yanagida, John Kehayias, Hitoshi Murayama, and David Pinner

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Split supersymmetry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Gaugino, FOS: Physical sciences, Supersymmetry, 01 natural sciences, Supersymmetry breaking, Hidden sector, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, Dilaton, 010306 general physics, Axion
Abstract

Various theoretical and experimental considerations motivate models with high scale supersymmetry breaking. While such models may be difficult to test in colliders, we propose looking for signatures at much lower energies. We show that a keV line in the X-ray spectrum of galaxy clusters (such as the recently disputed 3.5 keV observation) can have its origin in a universal string axion coupled to a hidden supersymmetry breaking sector. A linear combination of the string axion and an additional axion in the hidden sector remains light, obtaining a mass of order 10 keV through supersymmetry breaking dynamics. In order to explain the X-ray line, the scale of supersymmetry breaking must be about $10^{11-12}$ GeV. This motivates high scale supersymmetry as in pure gravity mediation or minimal split supersymmetry and is consistent with all current limits. Since the axion mass is controlled by a dynamical mass scale, this mass can be much higher during inflation, avoiding isocurvature (and domain wall) problems associated with high scale inflation. In an appendix we present a mechanism for dilaton stabilization that additionally leads to $\mathcal{O}(1)$ modifications of the gaugino mass from anomaly mediation., Comment: 12 pages with 2 appendices; v2: updates to emphasize general results, other minor updates, matches published version

Published
2015
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