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1. Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition

Author

Levis, C., Costa, F. R. C., Bongers, F., Peña-Claros, M., Clement, C. R., Junqueira, A. B., Neves, E. G., Tamanaha, E. K., Figueiredo, F. O. G., Salomão, R. P., Castilho, C. V., Magnusson, W. E., Phillips, O. L., Guevara, J. E., Sabatier, D., Molino, J.-F., López, D. Cárdenas, Mendoza, A. M., Pitman, N. C. A., Duque, A., Vargas, P. Núñez, Zartman, C. E., Vasquez, R., Andrade, A., Camargo, J. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Laurance, S. G. W., Laurance, W. F., Killeen, T. J., Nascimento, H. E. Mendonça, Montero, J. C., Mostacedo, B., Amaral, I. L., Vieira, I. C. Guimarães, Brienen, R., Castellanos, H., Terborgh, J., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., da Silva Guimarães, J. R., de Souza Coelho, L., de Almeida Matos, F. D., Wittmann, F., Mogollón, H. F., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., García-Villacorta, R., Coronado, E. N. H., Emilio, T., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., Schietti, J., Souza, P., Targhetta, N., Comiskey, J. A., Marimon, B. S., Marimon, B.-H., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F. A., de Souza, F. C., Dallmeier, F., Pansonato, M. P., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Fine, P. V. A., Stevenson, P. R., Araujo-Murakami, A., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., do Amaral, D. D., Engel, J., Henkel, T. W., Maas, P., Petronelli, P., Revilla, J. D. Cardenas, Stropp, J., Daly, D., Gribel, R., Paredes, M. Ríos, Silveira, M., Thomas-Caesar, R., Baker, T. R., da Silva, N. F., Ferreira, L. V., Peres, C. A., Silman, M. R., Cerón, C., Valverde, F. C., Di Fiore, A., Jimenez, E. M., Mora, M. C. Peñuela, Toledo, M., Barbosa, E. M., de Matos Bonates, L. C., Arboleda, N. C., de Sousa Farias, E., Fuentes, A., Guillaumet, J.-L., Jørgensen, P. Møller, Malhi, Y., de Andrade Miranda, I. P., Phillips, J. F., Prieto, A., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A. R., Silva, N., von Hildebrand, P., Vos, V. A., Zent, E. L., Zent, S., Cintra, B. B. L., Nascimento, M. T., Oliveira, A. A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Ramos, J. F., Rivas, G., Schöngart, J., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., van der Heijden, G., Torre, E. V., Wang, O., Young, K. R., Baider, C., Cano, A., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Hoffman, B., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Medina, M. N. U., van Andel, T. R., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M. N., Balslev, H., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Gonzales, T., Hernandez, L., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Manzatto, A. G., Milliken, W., Cuenca, W. P., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Arevalo, F. R., Reis, N. F. Costa, Sampaio, A. F., Giraldo, L. E. Urrego, Sandoval, E. H. Valderrama, Gamarra, L. Valenzuela, Vela, C. I. A., and ter Steege, H.

Published
2017

3. Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Author

Correa, DF, Stevenson, PR, Umaña, MN, Coelho, LDS, Lima Filho, DDA, Salomão, RP, Amaral, ILD, Wittmann, F, Matos, FDDA, Castilho, CV, Phillips, OL, Guevara, JE, Carim, MDJV, Magnusson, WE, Sabatier, D, Molino, JF, Irume, MV, Martins, MP, Guimarães, JRDS, Bánki, OS, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Ramos, JF, Luize, BG, Novo, EMMDL, Núñez Vargas, P, Silva, TSF, Venticinque, EM, Manzatto, AG, Reis, NFC, Terborgh, JW, Casula, KR, Honorio Coronado, EN, Montero, JC, Schöngart, J, Cárdenas López, D, Costa, FRC, Quaresma, AC, Zartman, CE, Killeen, TJ, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Vasquez, R, Mostacedo, B, Demarchi, LO, Feldpausch, TR, Assis, RL, Baraloto, C, Engel, J, Petronelli, P, Castellanos, H, Medeiros, MBD, Simon, MF, Andrade, A, Camargo, JL, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Maniguaje Rincón, L, Schietti, J, Sousa, TR, Farias, EDS, Lopes, MA, Magalhães, JLL, Nascimento, HEM, Queiroz, HLD, Aymard C., GA, Brienen, R, Cardenas Revilla, JD, Vieira, ICG, Cintra, BBL, Feitosa, YO, Duivenvoorden, JF, Mogollón, HF, Araujo-Murakami, A, Ferreira, LV, Lozada, Comiskey, JA, De Toledo, JJ, Damasco, G, Dávila, N, García-Villacorta, R, Lopes, A, Vicentini, A, Draper, FC, Castaño Arboleda, N, Cornejo Valverde, F, Alonso, A, Dallmeier, F, Gomes, VHF, Neill, D, De Aguiar, DPP, Arroyo, L, Carvalho, FA, De Souza, FC, Amaral, DDD, Feeley, KJ, Gribel, R, Pansonato, MP, Barlow, J, Correa, DF [0000-0002-6510-4906], Stevenson, PR [0000-0003-2394-447X], Umaña, MN [0000-0001-5876-7720], Luize, BG [0000-0002-8384-8386], Sousa, TR [0000-0003-0598-4996], Comiskey, JA [0000-0001-6710-1269], Alonso, A [0000-0001-6860-8432], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
anemochory, synzoochory, resource-availability hypothesis, hydrochory, flooded forests, dispersal agents, disperser-availability hypothesis, terra-firme forests, endozoochory, Amazonian rain forests
Abstract

Funder: Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research, Funder: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004916, Funder: National Institute for Amazonian Biodiversity, Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser‐availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource‐availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree‐inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree‐inventory plots across terra‐firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance‐weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra‐firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser‐availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types.

Published
2023

4. What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers

Author

Banin, L., Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arets, E. J. M. M., Berry, N. J., Bradford, M., Brienen, R. J. W., Davies, S., Drescher, M., Higuchi, N., Hilbert, D. W., Hladik, A., Iida, Y., Salim, K. Abu, Kassim, A. R., King, D. A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Metcalfe, D., Nilus, R., Peh, K. S.-H., Reitsma, J. M., Sonké, B., Taedoumg, H., Tan, S., White, L., Wöll, H., and Lewis, S. L.

Published
2012
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6. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, R. J. W., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S. L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A. C., Bánki, O. S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R. G. A., Camargo, J. L. C., Castilho, C. V., Chama, V., Chao, K. J., Chave, J., Comiskey, J. A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E. A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T. L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, D. R., Grahame, E. S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W. E., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D. A., Nogueira, E. M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G. C., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R. K., van der Heijden, G. M. F., van der Hout, P., Guimarães Vieira, I. C., Vieira, S. A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., and Zagt, R. J.

Published
2015
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7. Intra-annual oxygen isotopes in the tree rings record precipitation extremes and water reservoir levels in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil

Author

Locosselli, GM, Brienen, R, de Souza Martins, VT, Gloor, E, Boom, A, de Souza, EP, Saldiva, PHN, and Buckeridge, MS

Abstract

The impacts of climate change on precipitation and the growing demand for water have increased the water risks worldwide. Water scarcity is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, and the assessment of water risks is only possible from spatially distributed records of historical climate and levels of water reservoirs. One potential method to assess water supply is the reconstruction of oxygen isotopes in rainfall. We here investigated the use of tree-ring stable isotopes in urban trees to assess spatial/temporal variation in precipitation and level of water reservoirs. We analyzed the intra-annual variation of δ13C and δ18O in the tree rings of Tipuana tipu trees from northern and southern Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. While variation in δ13C indicates low leaf-level enrichments from evapotranspiration, δ18O variation clearly reflects precipitation extremes. Tree-ring δ18O was highest during the 2014 drought, associated with the lowest historical reservoir levels in the city. The δ18O values from the middle of the tree rings have a strong association with the mid-summer precipitation (r = −0.71), similar to the association between the volume of precipitation and its δ18O signature (r = −0.76). These consistent results allowed us to test the association between tree-ring δ18O and water-level of the main reservoirs that supply the MASP. We observed a strong association between intra-annual tree-ring δ18O and the water-level of reservoirs in the northern and southern MASP (r = −0.94, r = −0.90, respectively). These results point to the potential use of high-resolution tree-ring stable isotopes to put precipitation extremes, and water supply, in a historical perspective assisting public policies related to water risks and climate change. The ability to record precipitation extremes, and previously reported capacity to record air pollution, place Tipuana tipu in a prominent position as a reliable environmental monitor for urban locations.

Published
2020

9. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author

Steidinger, BS, Crowther, TW, Liang, J, Van Nuland, ME, Werner, GDA, Reich, PB, Nabuurs, G, de-Miguel, S, Zhou, M, Picard, N, Herault, B, Zhao, X, Zhang, C, Routh, D, Peay, KG, Abegg, M, Adou Yao, C, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, A, Alvarez-Davila, E, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Alves, LF, Ammer, C, Antón-Fernández, C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Avitabile, V, Aymard, G, Baker, T, Bałazy, R, Banki, O, Barroso, J, Bastian, M, Bastin, JF, Birigazzi, L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brandl, S, Brearley, FQ, Brienen, R, Broadbent, E, Bruelheide, H, Bussotti, F, Cazzolla Gatti, R, Cesar, R, Cesljar, G, Chazdon, R, Chen, HYH, Chisholm, C, Cienciala, E, Clark, CJ, Clark, D, Colletta, G, Condit, R, Coomes, D, Cornejo Valverde, F, Corral-Rivas, JJ, Crim, P, Cumming, J, Dayanandan, S, de Gasper, AL, Decuyper, M, Derroire, G, DeVries, B, Djordjevic, I, Iêda, A, Dourdain, A, Obiang, NLE, Enquist, B, Eyre, T, Fandohan, AB, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Finér, L, Fischer, M, Fletcher, C, Fridman, J, Frizzera, L, Gamarra, JGP, Gianelle, D, Glick, HB, Harris, D, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Herbohn, J, Herold, M, Hillers, A, Honorio Coronado, EN, Huber, M, Hui, C, Cho, H, Ibanez, T, Jung, I, Imai, N, and Jagodzinski, AM

Abstract

The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools 1,2 , sequester carbon 3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change 5,6 . Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species 7 , constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species.

Published
2019

10. Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author

Steidinger, B., Crowther, T., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M., Werner, G., Reich, P., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Zhao, X., Zhang, C., Routh, D., Peay, K., Abegg, M., Adou~Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda~Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Ba?azy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla~Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Condit, R., Coomes, D., Cornejo~Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Huber, M., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., K{ö}hl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo~Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez~Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Schepaschenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Sch{ö}ngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Salas-Eljatib, C., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stere?czak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Vasquez~Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biogeography, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, 02 engineering and technology, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Decomposition (computer science), Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Published Erratum, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Tree (data structure), Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biometris, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 0210 nano-technology, Citation
Abstract

In this Letter, the middle initial of author G. J. Nabuurs was omitted, and he should have been associated with an additional affiliation: ‘Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands’ (now added as affiliation 182). In addition, the following two statements have been added to the Supplementary Acknowledgements. (1): ‘We would particularly like to thank The French NFI for the work of the many field teams and engineers, who have made extraordinary efforts to make forest inventory data publicly available.’ (1): ‘Sergio de Miguel benefited from a Serra- Húnter Fellowship provided by the Generalitat of Catalonia.’ Finally, the second sentence of the Methods section should have cited the French NFI, which provided a national forestry database used in our analysis, to read as follows: ‘The GFBi database consists of individual-based data that we compiled from all the regional and national GFBi forest-inventory datasets, including the French NFI (IGN—French National Forest Inventory, raw data, annual campaigns 2005 and following, https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159, site accessed on 01 January 2015)’. All of these errors have been corrected online.

Published
2019

11. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass [data paper]

Author

Schepaschenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O. L., Lewis, S. L., Davies, S. J., Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labriere, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Balazy, R., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A. M., Bilous, S. Y., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, K. S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, Dfrp, Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., Torres, D. D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Sotta, E. D., d'Oliveira, M. V. N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M. D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T. R., Foli, E. G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A. D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassebe, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K. C., Susanty, F. H., Higuchi, N., Coronado, E. N. H., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V. V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V. N., Killeen, T., Koffi, J. C. K., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L. V., Kuznetsov, M. A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P. I., Licona, J. C., Lucas, R. M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J. A., Marimon, B., Martinez, R. V., Martynenko, O. V., Matsala, M., Matyashuk, R. K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Mendoza, A. M., Moroziuk, O. V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D. I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L. C., Ontikov, P. V., Osipov, A. F., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V. G., Rodney, K., Rozak, A. H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonke, B., Souza, C., Sterenczak, K., Stonozhenko, L., Sullivan, M. J. P., Szatniewska, J., Aedoumg, H. T., Ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O. V., Valbuena, R., Gamarra, L. V., Vasiliev, S., Vedrova, E. F., Verhovets, S. V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N. A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V. A., Vozmitel, F. K., Wanek, W., West, T. A. P., Woell, H., Woods, J. T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Hajar, Z. S. N., and Zo-Bi, I. C.

Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS- based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities.

Published
2019

12. Field methods for sampling tree height for tropical forest biomass estimation

Author

Sullivan, MJP, Lewis, SL, Hubau, W, Qie, L, Baker, TR, Banin, LF, Chave, J, Sanchez, AC, Feldpausch, T, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Arets, E, Ashton, P, Bastin, JF, Berry, NJ, Bogaert, J, Boot, R, Brearley, FQ, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, de Canniere, C, Chudomelová, M, Dančák, M, Ewango, C, Hédl, R, Lloyd, J, Makana, J-R, Malhi, Y, Marimon, BS, Marimon Junior, BH, Metali, F, Moore, S, Nagy, L, Vargas, PN, Pendry, C, Ramírez-Angulo, H, Reitsma, J, Rutishauser, E, Salim, KA, Sonké, B, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, T, Svátek, M, Umunay, PM, Vasquez Martinez, R, Vernimmen, RRE, Vilanova Torre, E, Vleminckx, J, Vos, V, and Phillips, OL

Subjects
Allometry, Sample size, ALLOMETRIC MODELS, DIAMETER, Above-ground biomass estimation, Ecology and Environment, Carbon stocks, Forest structure, Earth and Environmental Sciences, MAP, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, EQUATIONS, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS, Forest inventory
Abstract

© 2018 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. Quantifying the relationship between tree diameter and height is a key component of efforts to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Although substantial site-to-site variation in height–diameter allometries has been documented, the time consuming nature of measuring all tree heights in an inventory plot means that most studies do not include height, or else use generic pan-tropical or regional allometric equations to estimate height. Using a pan-tropical dataset of 73 plots where at least 150 trees had in-field ground-based height measurements, we examined how the number of trees sampled affects the performance of locally derived height–diameter allometries, and evaluated the performance of different methods for sampling trees for height measurement. Using cross-validation, we found that allometries constructed with just 20 locally measured values could often predict tree height with lower error than regional or climate-based allometries (mean reduction in prediction error = 0.46 m). The predictive performance of locally derived allometries improved with sample size, but with diminishing returns in performance gains when more than 40 trees were sampled. Estimates of stand-level biomass produced using local allometries to estimate tree height show no over- or under-estimation bias when compared with biomass estimates using field measured heights. We evaluated five strategies to sample trees for height measurement, and found that sampling strategies that included measuring the heights of the ten largest diameter trees in a plot outperformed (in terms of resulting in local height–diameter models with low height prediction error) entirely random or diameter size-class stratified approaches. Our results indicate that even limited sampling of heights can be used to refine height–diameter allometries. We recommend aiming for a conservative threshold of sampling 50 trees per location for height measurement, and including the ten trees with the largest diameter in this sample.

Published
2018

14. Amazon forest response to repeated droughts

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Alarcón, A., Dávila, E. Álvarez, Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Arroyo, L., Aymard C, G. A., Baker, T. R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Castro, W., Chama, V., Chave, J., Domingues, T. F., Fauset, S., Groot, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Laurance, S., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Licona, J. C., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza Bautista, C., Neill, D. A., Oliveira, E. A., Santos, C. Oliveira Dos, Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Pardo-Molina, G., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Réjou-Méchain, M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomão, R. P., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Steege, H. Ter, Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Heijden, G. M. F., Vásquez Martinez, R., Vilanova, E., Vincent Antoine Vos, Chercheur indépendant, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Standard, and Consortium NE/I02982X/1, Niche Evolution of South American Trees NE/I028122/1, AMAZONICA NE/F005806/1, TROBIT NE/D005590/1, European Union 282664, CNPq/PELD 403725/2012-7, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil, 177/2012 European Research Council, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01 TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041, CNES funds (TOSCA), Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments project 694, and The Royal Society

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TROPICAL FORESTS, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, precipitation, INDUCED TREE MORTALITY, LIANAS, MECHANISMS, BIOMASS, PLOTS, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 0402 Geochemistry, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, water deficit, forest productivity, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, vegetation dynamics, carbon, fungi, food and beverages, Geology, RAIN-FOREST, SOILS, Physical Sciences, tree mortality, GROWTH, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: −0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19, n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p

Published
2016

15. Estimating the global conservation status of over 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Author

Steege, HT, Pitman, NCA, Killeen, TJ, Laurance, WF, Peres, CA, Guevara, JE, Salomão, RP, Castilho, CV, Amaral, IL, Dionízia de Almeida Matos, F, de Souza Coelho, L, Magnusson, WE, Phillips, OLB, de Andrade Lima Filho, D, de Jesus Veiga Carim, M, Victória Irume, M, Martins, MP, Molino, J-F, Sabatier, D, Wittmann, F, Lopez, DC, da Silva Guimarães, JR, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Vargas, PN, Manzatto, AG, Farias Costa Reis, N, Terborgh, J, Casula, KR, Montero, JC, Feldpausch, TR, Honorio Coronado, EN, Duque Montoya, AJ, Zartman, ZE, Mostacedo, B, Vasquez, R, Assis, RL, Brilhante Medeiros, M, Fragomeni Simon, M, Andrade, A, Camargo, JL, Laurance, SGW, Mendonça Nascimento, HE, Marimon, BS, Marimon Jr, B-H, Costa F, Targhetta, N, Guimarães Vieira, IC, Brienen, R, Castellanos, H, Duivenvoorden, JF, Mogollón, HF, Fernandez Piedade, MT, Aymard, GA, Comiskey, JA, Damasco, G, Dávila, N, García-Villacorta, R, Stevenson Diaz, PR, Vincentini, A, Emilio, T, Levis, C, Schietti, J, Souza, P, Alonso, A, Dallmeier, F, Valle Ferreira, L, Neill, D, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Antunes Carvalho, F, Coelho Souza, F, Dantas do Amaral, D, Gribel, R, Garcia Luize, B, Petrati Pansonato, M, Venticinque, E, Fine, P, Toldeo, M, Baraloto, C, Cerón, C, Engel, J, Henkel, TW, Jimenez, EM, Maas, P, Peñuela Mora, MC, Petronelli, P, Cardenas Revilla, JD, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Thomas-Caesar, R, Baker, TR, Daly, D, Ríos Paredes, M, Ferreira da Silva, N, Fuentes, A, Møller Jørgensen, P, Schöngart, J, Silman, MR, Castaño Arboleda, N, Ladvocat Cintra, B, Cornejo Valverde, F, Di Fiore, A, Fernando Phillips, J, van Andel, TR, von Hildebrand, P, Marques Barbosa, E, de Matos Bonates, LC, de Castro, D, de Sousa Farias, E, Gonzales, T, Guillaumet, J-L, Hoffman, B, Malhi, Y, de Andrade Miranda, IP, Prieto, M, Rudas, A, Ruschell, AR, Silva, N, Vela, CIA, Vos, VA, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cano, A, Trindade Nascimento, M, Oliveira, AA, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ferreira Ramos, J, Sierra, R, Tirado, M, Umaña Medina, MN, van der Heijden, G, Vilanova Torre, E, Vriesendorp, C, Wang, O, Young, KR, Baider, C, Balslev, H, de Castro, N, Farfan-Rios, W, Ferreira, C, Mendoza, C, Mesonos, I, Torres-Lezama, A, Urrego Giraldo, LE, Villarroel, D, Zagt, R, Alexiades, MN, Garcia-Cabrera, K, Hernandez, L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Milliken, W, Palacios Cuenca, W, Pansini, S, Pauletto, D, Ramirez Arevalo, F, Sampaio, AF, and Valderrama Sandoval, EH

Abstract

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare, and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. Here we overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 40% and up to 64% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under IUCN Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We further show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and predict that most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species currently qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if those areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.

Published
2015

16. Tree height strongly affects estimates of water-use efficiency responses to climate and CO2 using isotopes

Author

Brienen, R. J. W., primary, Gloor, E., additional, Clerici, S., additional, Newton, R., additional, Arppe, L., additional, Boom, A., additional, Bottrell, S., additional, Callaghan, M., additional, Heaton, T., additional, Helama, S., additional, Helle, G., additional, Leng, M. J., additional, Mielikäinen, K., additional, Oinonen, M., additional, and Timonen, M., additional

Published
2017
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19. Tree height strongly affects estimates of water-use efficiency responses to climate and CO2 using isotopes.

Author

Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Clerici, S., Newton, R., Arppe, L., Boom, A., Bottrell, S., Callaghan, M., Heaton, T., Helama, S., Helle, G., Leng, M. J., Mielikäinen, K., Oinonen, M., and Timonen, M.

Subjects
TREE height, ISOTOPES, CARBON isotopes, TREE-rings, CLIMATOLOGY, TREE size
Abstract

Various studies report substantial increases in intrinsic water-use efficiency (Wi), estimated using carbon isotopes in tree rings, suggesting trees are gaining increasingly more carbon per unit water lost due to increases in atmospheric CO2. Usually, reconstructions do not, however, correct for the effect of intrinsic developmental changes in Wi as trees grow larger. Here we show, by comparing Wi across varying tree sizes at one CO2 level, that ignoring such developmental effects can severely affect inferences of trees' Wi. Wi doubled or even tripled over a trees' lifespan in three broadleaf species due to changes in tree height and light availability alone, and there are also weak trends for Pine trees. Developmental trends in broadleaf species are as large as the trends previously assigned to CO2 and climate. Credible future tree ring isotope studies require explicit accounting for species-specific developmental effects before CO2 and climate effects are inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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21. The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants

Author

Gloor, M., primary, Gatti, L., additional, Brienen, R., additional, Feldpausch, T. R., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, Miller, J., additional, Ometto, J. P., additional, Rocha, H., additional, Baker, T., additional, de Jong, B., additional, Houghton, R. A., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Aragão, L. E. O. C., additional, Guyot, J.-L., additional, Zhao, K., additional, Jackson, R., additional, Peylin, P., additional, Sitch, S., additional, Poulter, B., additional, Lomas, M., additional, Zaehle, S., additional, Huntingford, C., additional, Levy, P., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2012
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22. Supplementary material to "The carbon balance of South America: status, decadal trends and main determinants"

Author

Gloor, M., primary, Gatti, L., additional, Brienen, R. J. W., additional, Feldpausch, T., additional, Phillips, O., additional, Miller, J., additional, Ometto, J.-P., additional, Ribeiro da Rocha, H., additional, Baker, T., additional, Houghton, R., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Aragão, L., additional, Guyot, J.-L., additional, Zhao, K., additional, Jackson, R., additional, Peylin, P., additional, Sitch, S., additional, Poulter, B., additional, Lomas, M., additional, Zaehle, S., additional, Huntingford, C., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2012
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23. The carbon balance of South America: status, decadal trends and main determinants

Author

Gloor, M., primary, Gatti, L., additional, Brienen, R. J. W., additional, Feldpausch, T., additional, Phillips, O., additional, Miller, J., additional, Ometto, J.-P., additional, Ribeiro da Rocha, H., additional, Baker, T., additional, Houghton, R., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Aragão, L., additional, Guyot, J.-L., additional, Zhao, K., additional, Jackson, R., additional, Peylin, P., additional, Sitch, S., additional, Poulter, B., additional, Lomas, M., additional, Zaehle, S., additional, Huntingford, C., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2012
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24. Floristics and biogeography of vegetation in seasonally dry tropical regions.

Author

DEXTER, K. G., SMART, B., BALDAUF, C., BAKER, T. R., BALINGA, M. P. BESSIKE, BRIENEN, R. J. W., FAUSET, S., FELDPAUSCH, T. R., FERREIRA-DA SILVA, L., MULEDI, J. ILUNGA, LEWIS, S. L., LOPEZ-GONZALEZ, G., MARIMON-JUNIOR, B. H., MARIMON, B. S., MEERTS, P., PAGE, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., PHILLIPS, O. L., SUNDERLAND, T. C. H., and THEILADE, I.

Subjects
FOREST plants, TROPICAL dry forests, BIOGEOGRAPHY, SAVANNAS, SAVANNA ecology, FOREST ecology
Abstract

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2015
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26. Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates.

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lewis, S. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, M., Mendoza, A. Monteagudo, Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Banin, L., Salim, K. Abu, Affum-Baffoe, K., Alexiades, M., Almeida, S., Amaral, I., Andrade, A., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Murakami, A. Araujo, Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., and Baker, T. R.

Subjects
TREE height, FOREST biomass, ESTIMATES, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, HARVESTING, CARBON sequestration, UNCERTAINTY
Abstract

Aboveground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage estimates commonly ignore tree height (H). We estimate the effect of incorporating H on tropics-wide forest biomass estimates in 327 plots across four continents using 42 656 H and diameter measurements and harvested trees from 20 sites to answer the following questions: 1. What is the best H-model form and geographic unit to include in biomass models to minimise site-level uncertainty in estimates of destructive biomass? 2. To what extent does including H estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass estimates across all 327 plots? 3. What effect does accounting for H have on plot- and continental-scale forest biomass estimates? The mean relative error in biomass estimates of destructively harvested trees when including H (mean 0.06), was half that when excluding H (mean 0.13). Power- and Weibull-H models provided the greatest reduction in uncertainty, with regional Weibull-H models preferred because they reduce uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes (≤40 cm D) that store about one-third of biomass per hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327 plots from across the tropics shows that including H reduces errors from 41.8Mg ha-1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0Mg ha-1 (-2.5 to 23.0). For all plots, aboveground live biomass was -52.2 Mg ha-1 (-82.0 to -20.3 bootstrapped 95%CI), or 13%, lower when including H estimates, with the greatest relative reductions in estimated biomass in forests of the Brazilian Shield, east Africa, and Australia, and relatively little change in the Guiana Shield, central Africa and southeast Asia. Appreciably different stand structure was observed among regions across the tropical continents, with some storing significantly more biomass in small diameter stems, which affects selection of the best height models to reduce uncertainty and biomass reductions due to H. After accounting for variation in H, total biomass per hectare is greatest in Australia, the Guiana Shield, Asia, central and east Africa, and lowest in east-central Amazonia, W. Africa, W. Amazonia, and the Brazilian Shield (descending order). Thus, if tropical forests span 1668 million km² and store 285 Pg C (estimate including H), then applying our regional relationships implies that carbon storage is overestimated by 35 Pg C (31-39 bootstrapped 95%CI) if H is ignored, assuming that the sampled plots are an unbiased statistical representation of all tropical forest in terms of biomass and height factors. Our results show that tree H is an important allometric factor that needs to be included in future forest biomass estimates to reduce error in estimates of tropical carbon stocks and emissions due to deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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27. Tree height integrated into pan-tropical forest biomass estimates.

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lewis, S. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Mendoza, A. Monteagudo, Lopez-Gonzalez, G., L.Banin, Salim, K. Abu, Affum-Baffoe, K., Alexiades8, M., Almeida, S., Amaral, I., Andrade, A., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Murakami, A. Araujo, Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., C., G. A. Aymard, and Baker, T. R.

Subjects
BIOMASS, TREE height measurement, ENERGY storage, RAIN forests, DEFORESTATION, ERROR analysis in mathematics
Abstract

Above-ground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage estimates commonly ignore tree height. We estimate the effect of incorporating height (H) on forest biomass estimates using 37 625 concomitant H and diameter measurements (n=327 plots) and 1816 harvested trees (n=21 plots) tropics-wide to answer the following questions: 1. For trees of known biomass (from destructive harvests) which H-model form and geographic scale (plot, region, and continent) most reduces biomass estimate uncertainty? 2. How much does including H relationship estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass estimates across 327 plots spanning four continents? 3. What effect does the inclusion of H in biomass estimates have on plot- and continental-scale forest biomass estimates? The mean relative error in biomass estimates of the destructively harvested trees was half (mean 0.06) when including H, compared to excluding H (mean 0.13). The power-and-Weibull-H asymptotic model provided the greatest reduction in uncertainty, with the regional Weibull-H model preferred because it reduces uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes that contain the bulk of biomass per hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327 plots from across the tropics shows errors are reduced from 41.8 Mg ha-1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0 Mg ha-1 (-2.5 to 23.0) when including H. For all plots, above-ground live biomass was 52.2±17.3Mg ha lower when including H estimates (13%), with the greatest reductions in estimated biomass in Brazilian Shield forests and relatively no change in the Guyana Shield, central Africa and southeast Asia. We show fundamentally different stand structure across the four forested tropical continents, which affects biomass reductions due to H. African forests store a greater portion of total biomass in large-diameter trees and trees are on average larger in diameter. This contrasts to forests on all other continents where smaller-diameter trees contain the greatest fractions of total biomass. After accounting for variation in H, total biomass per hectare is greatest in Australia, the Guyana Shield, and Asia and lowest in W. Africa, W. Amazonia, and the Brazilian Shield (descending order). Thus, if closed canopy tropical forests span 1668 million km² and store 285 PgC, then the overestimate is 35 PgC if H is ignored, and the sampled plots are an unbiased statistical representation of all tropical forest in terms of biomass and height factors. Our results show that tree H is an important allometric factor that needs to be included in future forest biomass estimates to reduce error in estimates of pantropical carbon stocks and emissions due to deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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29. Frontmatter

Author

Brienen, Rebecca P. and Jackson, Margaret A.

Published
2008

30. Cover

Author

Brienen, Rebecca P. and Jackson, Margaret A.

Published
2008

32. Index

Author

Brienen, Rebecca P. and Jackson, Margaret A.

Published
2008

33. Works Cited

Author

Brienen, Rebecca P. and Jackson, Margaret A.

Published
2008

47. Acknowledgments

Author

Brienen, Rebecca P. and Jackson, Margaret A.

Published
2008

50. Floristics and biogeography of vegetation in seasonally dry tropical regions

Author

Dexter, K. G., Smart, B., Baldauf, C., Baker, T. R., Balinga, M. P. Bessike, Brienen, R. J. W., Fauset, S., Ted R. Feldpausch, Ferreira-Da Silva, L., Muledi, J. Ilunga, Lewis, S. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marimon, B. S., Meerts, P., Page, N., Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, O. L., Sunderland, T. C. H., Theilade, I., Weintritt, J., Affum-Baffoe, K., Araujo, A., Arroyo, L., Begne, S. K., Carvalho-Das Neves, E., Collins, M., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Djuikouo, M. N. K., Elias, F., Foli, E. G., Jeffery, K. J., Killeen, T. J., Malhi, Y., Maracahipes, L., Mendoza, C., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Morandi, P., Oliveira-Dos Santos, C., Parada, A. G., Pardo, G., Peh, K. S. -H, Salomao, R. P., Silveira, M., Sinatora-Miranda, H., Slik, J. W. F., Sonke, B., Taedoumg, H. E., Toledo, M., Umetsu, R. K., Villaroel, R. G., Vos, V. A., White, L. J. T., and Pennington, R. T.

Subjects
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Flora, Ecology, Biogeography, Geography, Planning and Development, Tropical vegetation, Tropics, Forestry, Rainforest, Vegetation, Floristics
Abstract

To provide an inter-continental overview of the floristics and biogeography of drought-adapted tropical vegetation formations, we compiled a dataset of inventory plots in South America (n=93), Africa (n=84), and Asia (n=92) from savannas (subject to fire), seasonally dry tropical forests (not generally subject to fire), and moist forests (no fire). We analysed floristic similarity across vegetation formations within and between continents. Our dataset strongly suggests that different formations tend to be strongly clustered floristically by continent, and that among continents, superficially similar vegetation formations (e.g. savannas) are floristically highly dissimilar. Neotropical moist forest, savanna and seasonally dry tropical forest are floristically distinct, but elsewhere there is no clear floristic division of savanna and seasonally dry tropical forest, though moist and dry formations are separate. We suggest that because of their propensity to burn, many formations termed “dry forest” in Africa and Asia are best considered as savannas. The floristic differentiation of similar vegetation formations from different continents suggests that cross-continental generalisations of the ecology, biology and conservation of savannas and seasonally dry tropical forests may be difficult.

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