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1. Shelf life and storage stability of cold plasma treated kiwifruit juice: kinetic models

Author

Sitesh Kumar, Sunil Pipliya, Prem Prakash Srivastav, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Cold plasma, degradation kinetics, kiwifruit juice, principal component analysis, sensory analysis, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

This study examined the quality changes and shelf life of cold plasma (Cold plasma-optimized, S2: 30 kV/5 mm/6.7 min and Cold plasma-extreme, S3: 30 kV/2 mm/10 min) and thermally-treated (S4: 90°C/5 min) kiwifruit juice packed in glass and polyethylene terephthalate bottles stored at 5, 15, and 25°C. Cold plasma and thermally treated juice samples were analyzed for peroxidase activity, microbial enumeration, bioactive compounds degradation, and sensory quality for up to 120 days. The residual activity of peroxidase enzyme in S2 sample after cold plasma treatment was 23.85%, decreasing with increase in storage time and temperature. After cold plasma and thermal treatment, the aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and molds count were below detectable limits in kiwifruit juice. Aerobic mesophiles and yeasts & molds emerged in S2, S3, and S4 samples stored at 5°C after 70, 70, and 90 days, respectively. The total color change increased with increase in storage time and temperature, whereas ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, and overall acceptability decreased. The shelf life of S2 in glass bottles was 100, 80, and 60 days at 5, 15, and 25°C based on total color change ≥ 12, ascorbic acid loss ≥ 50%, microbial count ≥ 6 Log CFU/mL, or overall acceptability

Published
2024
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2. The Ussing chamber system for measuring intestinal permeability in health and disease

Author

Amanda Thomson, Kathryn Smart, Michelle S. Somerville, Sarah N. Lauder, Gautham Appanna, James Horwood, Lawrence Sunder Raj, Brijesh Srivastava, Dharmaraj Durai, Martin J. Scurr, Åsa V. Keita, Awen M. Gallimore, and Andrew Godkin

Subjects
Intestinal permeability, Colon, Transepithelial resistance, Paracellular flux, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Abstract Background The relationship between intestinal epithelial integrity and the development of intestinal disease is of increasing interest. A reduction in mucosal integrity has been associated with ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and potentially could have links with colorectal cancer development. The Ussing chamber system can be utilised as a valuable tool for measuring gut integrity. Here we describe step-by-step methodology required to measure intestinal permeability of both mouse and human colonic tissue samples ex vivo, using the latest equipment and software. This system can be modified to accommodate other tissues. Methods An Ussing chamber was constructed and adapted to support both mouse and human tissue to measure intestinal permeability, using paracellular flux and electrical measurements. Two mouse models of intestinal inflammation (dextran sodium sulphate treatment and T regulatory cell depletion using C57BL/6-FoxP3DTR mice) were used to validate the system along with human colonic biopsy samples. Results Distinct regional differences in permeability were consistently identified within mouse and healthy human colon. In particular, mice showed increased permeability in the mid colonic region. In humans the left colon is more permeable than the right. Furthermore, inflammatory conditions induced chemically or due to autoimmunity reduced intestinal integrity, validating the use of the system. Conclusions The Ussing chamber has been used for many years to measure barrier function. However, a clear and informative methods paper describing the setup of modern equipment and step-by-step procedure to measure mouse and human intestinal permeability isn’t available. The Ussing chamber system methodology we describe provides such detail to guide investigation of gut integrity.

Published
2019
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4. Sono-hydro priming process (ultrasound modulated hydration): Modelling hydration kinetic during paddy germination

Author

Dipsikha Kalita, Shubham Jain, Brijesh Srivastava, and Vaibhav V. Goud

Subjects
Hydropriming, Sono-hydro priming, Fick's model, Peleg model, Germination, Thermodynamic properties, Chemistry, QD1-999, Acoustics. Sound, QC221-246
Abstract

Application of ultrasound technology in modulating the hydration process during paddy germination was analyzed in this study. The effect of hydropriming (24 h) and sono-hydro priming (ultrasound priming, 12 h) on the hydration behaviour of paddies was determined at different temperatures (25–40 °C). Ultrasound pulse was applied for 10 min after every one hour for sono-hydro priming. Germination potential and microstructure analysis of treated paddies were also performed. Downward concave curve observed in hydration process of paddies indicates initial high-water absorption through diffusion process. Sono-hydro priming process showed higher hydration rate compared to hydropriming. The changes in moisture content during hydration processes fitted to theoretical (Fick's model) and empirical model (Peleg model) exhibited high regression coefficient (R2 > 0.95) indicating suitability for predicting hydration behaviour in both paddies for germination. The Peleg model adequately predicted saturation moisture content and sono-hydro priming efficiently increased the water absorption rate. Effective moisture diffusivity determined from Fick's diffusion model increased for sono-hydro priming. Activation energy estimated from effective moisture diffusivity required in sono-hydro priming (Ea = 20.32 and 19.19 KJ/mol respectively) for pigmented rice and non-pigmented rice was lower than hydropriming (Ea = 27.11 and 32.15 KJ/mol respectively). Both hydration processes were endothermic and non-spontaneous inferred from thermodynamic properties. Sono-hydro priming exhibited

Published
2021
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5. Effect of Cold- and Hot-Break Heat Treatments on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Currant Tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) Pulp and Paste

Author

Kandi Sridhar, Hilal A. Makroo, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
underutilized wild species, mathematical modeling, lycopene, viscosity, thermal processing, color, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium), an underutilized wild species of modern tomato, was investigated to determine the physicochemical properties and understand the effect of cold- and hot-break heat treatments on physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, a new Arrhenius-type equation was used to model the temperature-dependent viscosity of currant tomato pulp and paste. The currant tomato’s porosity, surface area, and lycopene content were 40.96 ± 0.84%, 663.86 ± 65.09 mm2, and 9.79 ± 1.88 mg/100 g, respectively. Cold- and hot-break heat treatments had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on tomato pulp and paste color change (0.09 to 0.26; 0.19 to 1.96), viscosity (0.06 to 0.02 Pa.s; 0.85 to 0.37 Pa.s), and lycopene content (9.70 to 9.07 mg/100 g; 9.60 to 9.37 mg/100 g), respectively. An Arrhenius-type equation described the temperature-dependent viscosity of currant tomato pulp and paste with activation energy (Ea) ranging from 7.54 to 11.72 kJ/mol and 8.62 to 8.97 kJ/mol, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a total of variance 99.93% in tomato pulp and paste as affected by the cold- and hot-break heat treatments. Overall, the findings may provide knowledge for design graders and process optimization to develop currant tomato-based products.

Published
2022
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7. Greater Transplant-Free Survival in Patients Receiving Obeticholic Acid for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Clinical Trial Setting Compared to Real-World External Controls

Author

C. Fiorella Murillo Perez, Holly Fisher, Shaun Hiu, Dorcas Kareithi, Femi Adekunle, Tracy Mayne, Elizabeth Malecha, Erik Ness, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Willem J. Lammers, Palak J. Trivedi, Pier Maria Battezzati, Frederik Nevens, Kris V. Kowdley, Tony Bruns, Nora Cazzagon, Annarosa Floreani, Andrew L. Mason, Albert Parés, Maria-Carlota Londoño, Pietro Invernizzi, Marco Carbone, Ana Lleo, Marlyn J. Mayo, George N. Dalekos, Nikolaos K. Gatselis, Douglas Thorburn, Xavier Verhelst, Aliya Gulamhusein, Harry L.A. Janssen, Rachel Smith, Steve Flack, Victoria Mulcahy, Michael Trauner, Christopher L. Bowlus, Keith D. Lindor, Christophe Corpechot, David Jones, George Mells, Gideon M. Hirschfield, James Wason, Bettina E. Hansen, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Anton Gunasekera, Yiannis Kallis, Gavin Wright, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Richard Evans, Jaber Gasem, David Ramanaden, Emma Ward, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, James Maggs, Mohamed Yousif, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew Foxton, Carole Collins, Yash Prasad, Francisco Porras-Perez, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Martyn Carte, Konrad Koss, Prayman Sattianayagam, Charles Grimley, Jude Tidbury, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, John Ramag, Harriet Gordon, Joanne Ridpath, Bob Grover, George Abouda, Ian Rees, Mark Narain, Imroz Salam, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Helen Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Rebecca Jones, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, John Hutchinson, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Stephen Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Simon Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Andrew Millar, Steven Mitchell, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Matthew Cramp, Richard Aspinal, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Tehreem Chaudhry, Stephen Mann, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Chris Corbett, Saket Singhal, Barbara Hoeroldt, Jeff Butterworth, Andrew Douglas, Rohit Sinha, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Daniel Forton, Nicola Taylor, Wisam Jafar, Matthew Cowan, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Mesbah Rahman, Emma Wesley, Sanjiv Jain, Aditya Mandal, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona Gordon, Esther Unitt, Andrew Austin, Altaf Palegwala, Vishwaraj Vemala, Andrew Higham, Jocelyn Fraser, Andy Li, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Helen Fellows, James Gotto, Charles Millson, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, and Public Health

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Settore MED/12 - Gastroenterologia, Hepatology, UK PBC, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Obeticholic Acid, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Gastroenterology, Global PBC, Propensity Score, Transplant-Free Survival, UK-PBC, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, transplant-free survival, obeticholic acid, Humans, propensity score
Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) Obeticholic Acid (OCA) International Study of Efficacy (POISE) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that OCA reduced biomarkers associated with adverse clinical outcomes (ie, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) in patients with PBC. The objective of this study was to evaluate time to first occurrence of liver transplantation or death in patients with OCA in the POISE trial and open-label extension vs comparable non-OCA-treated external controls. METHODS: Propensity scores were generated for external control patients meeting POISE eligibility criteria from 2 registry studies (Global PBC and UK-PBC) using an index date selected randomly between the first and last date (inclusive) on which eligibility criteria were met. Cox proportional hazards models weighted by inverse probability of treatment assessed time to death or liver transplantation. Additional analyses (Global PBC only) added hepatic decompensation to the composite end point and assessed efficacy in patients with or without cirrhosis. RESULTS: During the 6-year follow-up, there were 5 deaths or liver transplantations in 209 subjects in the POISE cohort (2.4%), 135 of 1381 patients in the Global PBC control (10.0%), and 281 of 2135 patients in the UK-PBC control (13.2%). The hazard ratios (HRs) for the primary outcome were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.10-0.83) for POISE vs Global PBC and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.12-0.75) for POISE vs UK-PBC. In the Global PBC study, HR was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.03-1.22) for patients with cirrhosis and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.09-1.04) for those without cirrhosis; HR was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.21-0.85) including hepatic decompensation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with OCA in a trial setting had significantly greater transplant-free survival than comparable external control patients. ispartof: Gastroenterology vol:163 issue:6 pages:1630-1642.e3 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2022

8. Physicochemical and mechanical properties during storage-cum maturity stages of raw harvested wild banana (Musa balbisiana, BB)

Author

Prem Prakash Srivastav, Sourav Chakraborty, Ritesh Balaso Watharkar, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
food.ingredient, genetic structures, Pectin, General Chemical Engineering, Titratable acid, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, food, Musa balbisiana, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Sugar, biology, Chemistry, Pulp (paper), 010401 analytical chemistry, food and beverages, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ascorbic acid, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Horticulture, engineering, Postharvest, sense organs, Food Science
Abstract

The changes in various physicochemical and mechanical properties after harvesting wild banana (Musa balbisiana) were investigated by storing the fruit at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C). During ripening, physical changes such as pulp to peel ratio and fruit with seed to peel ratio increased and the changes in the colour of the fruits from green to red while yellowness occurred in the peel. The maximum colour difference (ΔE) of pulp and peel increased up to the 5th stage and decreased thereafter. Textural softening occurred till the end of the ripening stages; the peak force of penetration decreased from 16.6 to 5.8 N for banana samples with the peel. At the end of ripening, a non-significant difference was observed that may be due to equalized mucilaginous peel tissue structure. During the ripening process, moisture content, titratable acidity, pectin, fat, total sugar, pH and the total soluble solids were increased, and decreased starch content, ascorbic acid and protein were observed. The sensory assessment at the 6th stage of the banana received the highest rating. Thus, the present study determined the best ripening stage of wild banana variety to be suitable for processing during the postharvest phase and quality control of processed products.

Published
2021
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9. Effect of Thin-Layer Drying on the Quality Parameters of Persimmon Slices

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, Kambhampati Vivek, and K.V. Subbarao

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Materials science, Ecology, Thin layer, Diospyros kaki, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Crop, 0405 other agricultural sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, 040502 food science
Abstract

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an important, underutilized fruit crop of India. The thin layer drying of persimmon slices would make it a perfect snack that can be used in various recipes. The dryin...

Published
2021
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10. Change in physicochemical characteristics and volatile compounds during different stage of banana (Musa nana Lour vs. Dwarf Cavendish) ripening

Author

Donghong Liu, Balarabe B. Ismail, Brijesh Srivastava, Yunfeng Pu, Prem Prakash Srivastav, and Ritesh Balaso Watharkar

Subjects
Sucrose, Starch, General Chemical Engineering, Pulp (paper), food and beverages, Fructose, Ripening, engineering.material, Ascorbic acid, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, engineering, Postharvest, Food science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Sugar, Food Science
Abstract

In this study, the ripening process of banana was divided into eight different stages based on peel appearance which starts from mature green (stage 1) to overripe (Stage 8). The changes in physical [(color:‘L’, ‘a’, ‘b’ etc., firmness, pulp to peel ratio (PPR)], chemical [titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), moisture content (MC), ash content (AC), starch content (SC), sugar profile, ascorbic acid (AA), anti-oxidant capacity (AOC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), minerals] and volatiles parameters were investigated during these ripening stages. The value of PPR was significantly (p

Published
2020
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13. Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3):572–581]

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton V.J. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris D.J. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom J.W. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, and Charles Millson

Subjects
Science & Technology, Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, PBC Consortia, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Published
2021

14. Ohmic heating assisted inactivation of enzymes and microorganisms in foods: A review

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, H.A. Makroo, and Navin K. Rastogi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Microorganism, Food spoilage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Electrochemistry, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Lipoxygenase, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Enzyme, 010608 biotechnology, visual_art, biology.protein, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Food science, Joule heating, Sugar, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background Ohmic heating (OH) is a novel method of heating various food materials efficiently, instantly and volumetrically. The quick and volumetric heating during OH results in efficient enzyme and microbial inactivation. Thus, OH can be used as an efficient alternative to the conventional thermal processing method. Scope and approach OH has been applied to various food materials, which include fruits and vegetable products, milk, meat, seafood etc. Inactivation of quality degrading enzymes and spoilage causing microbes to a desired safe level is the prime objective of thermal processing of food, which can be easily achieved by OH process. In addition to the thermal effects, OH also has some non-thermal effects on microbial and enzyme activities due to the presence of electric current during heating. However, these non-thermal effects of OH are possible only in enzymes containing prosthetic metallic groups such as, Cu in PPO, Fe in lipoxygenase, Zn and Mg in alkaline phosphatase. Key findings and conclusions Various models such as First order, Bi-phasic and Lumry–Eyring mechanism have been reported in literature for the enzyme inactivation by OH. Enzyme inactivation has been found to increase with increasing electric field strength (V/cm) during the OH process. The spoilage causing microorganisms can also be inactivated efficiently by OH as compared to conventional heating. Higher voltage gradients enhance the non-thermal effects of OH on microbial reduction by resulting in the higher electroporation. The frequency of the electric current also plays an important role in microbial reduction. Various components present in food such as fat, sugar and acid content affect the electrochemical properties of food material, thus affect the performance of OH in reducing the microbial load.

Published
2020
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15. Characterization of mango puree based on total soluble solids and acid content: Effect on physico-chemical, rheological, thermal and ohmic heating behavior

Author

H.A. Makroo, Pramod K. Prabhakar, Brijesh Srivastava, and Navin K. Rastogi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, genetic structures, Chemistry, Enthalpy of fusion, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, bacterial infections and mycoses, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Viscosity, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Rheology, 010608 biotechnology, Thermal, Dynamic modulus, Thermal stability, Food science, Joule heating, Sugar, Food Science
Abstract

The effect of TSS (20, 22 and 24 °Brix) and acid content (0.50, 0.56 and 0.62 g/100 g) was investigated on physico-chemical, rheological, thermal and ohmic heating (OH) properties of mango puree. The firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity showed positive and negative relationship with TSS and acid content, respectively. The addition of acid caused an increase in storage (G’) and loss modulus(G”), whereas, these moduli showed an increasing trend up 22°B TSS and then get reduced with further increase in TSS. Increase in acid resulted in no change of onset temperature of fusion whereas it increased with increasing the TSS. The enthalpy of fusion was observed to be lower at 24°B than at 20 and 22°B. The acid and sugar enhanced the thermal stability of mango puree as the mass loss was low at higher TSS and acid content. The increase in acid content caused a considerable increase in the rate of OH, whereas it decreased with TSS during OH at 20–40 V/cm. Hence, it was concluded that TSS and acid content affects the rheological and physico-chemical properties of mango puree, it also has a great influence on OH behavior.

Published
2019
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17. Structured Foods

Author

Gnana Moorthy Eswaran U, PREM PRAKASH SRIVASTAV, Brijesh Srivastava, Gnana Moorthy Eswaran U, PREM PRAKASH SRIVASTAV, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Food--Analysis, Processed foods, Food--Composition
Abstract

Structured Foods is an important reference that discusses the recent research trends on structural development in various foods. This book covers different tools and food engineering techniques such as encapsulation, 3D and 4D printing, imaging techniques, and clean meat technology. It discusses how various foods can be broken down and manipulated at the molecular level to improve their quality, safety, and healthfulness. It describes the structuring of components like starch, proteins, and polysaccharides and the stability and bioavailability of different food structures. This is a useful reference for researchers and industry experts in food technology, food engineering, and food processing.The work addresses critical food-related issues that need to be tackled, including harvesting enough food to feed the global population, improving food sustainability, reducing food waste and pollution, and improving human health. Further, it focuses on the new scientific technologies being applied by scientists for an improved food system. The book is an important resource for all stakeholders in the debate about the future of our foods in the spheres of academic, industrial, and government policy.

Published
2024

19. P172 Identification of patients with undiagnosed primary biliary cholangitis within Cardiff and Vale University Health Board

Author

Bradley Arms-Williams, Hasan Haboubi, Alexander Berry, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Cirrhosis, business.industry, Population, Disease, Hepatology, medicine.disease, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Elevated alkaline phosphatase, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, medicine.symptom, Stage (cooking), business, education, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that can eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and liver failure. Treatment with therapeutic doses of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves liver related outcomes in majority of cases. Second line treatment options are also now available for those not responding to UDCA. The aim of this review is to identify patients with yet undiagnosed PBC in the Cardiff and Vale (CAV) population of 496,313 people with a positive anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and cholestatic liver biochemistry, who are not under hepatology follow-up. Methods Patients with a positive AMA titre (≥1:40) performed in CAV since 2001 were identified from local biochemistry records. Clinical portal results were used to identify AMA positive patients with an elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as likely having PBC. Engagement with hepatology/gastroenterology services was assessed via electronically available clinic letters and appointments recorded since 2001. Hepatology clinic review will be arranged for patients not under follow-up. Results 647 patients with a positive AMA titre were identified. 124 of these patients, who are alive, also had a recorded elevated ALP/GGT, thus likely having PBC. 36 (29%) patients were not under specialist follow-up. Male to female ratio in this sub-cohort was 1:2.5 with a median age of 63 years (23–94). Median highest ALP recorded was 241 u/L (157–694). 5 patients were being treated with UDCA initiated in primary care with a mean dose of 700 mg OD (not known if on optimum dose). Conclusions Liver antibodies are routinely checked as part of an autoimmune screen. This study has found a potential cohort of people with probable PBC who are not known to hepatology services and may be at risk of progressive liver disease. These patients will be invited to clinic to accurately stage their disease and optimise medical management. The British Society of Gastroenterology strongly recommends life-long follow-up for PBC patients. We would encourage other hepatology services to identify undiagnosed PBC patients using this approach, who would benefit from effective medical treatment.

Published
2021
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20. An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byan, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton VJ. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. 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Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom JW. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch’ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, Charles Millson, Cordell, H. J., Fryett, J. J., Ueno, K., Darlay, R., Aiba, Y., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Khor, S. -S., Gervais, O., Kawai, Y., Nagasaki, M., Tokunaga, K., Tang, R., Shi, Y., Li, Z., Juran, B. D., Atkinson, E. J., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Asselta, R., Cheung, A., de Andrade, M., Baras, A., Horowitz, J., Ferreira, M. A. R., Sun, D., Jones, D. E., Flack, S., Spicer, A., Mulcahy, V. L., Byan, J., Han, Y., Sandford, R. N., Lazaridis, K. N., Amos, C. I., Hirschfield, G. M., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Siminovitch, K. A., Ma, X., Nakamura, M., Mells, G. F., Mason, A., Vincent, C., Xie, G., Zhang, J., Affronti, A., Almasio, P. L., Alvaro, D., Andreone, P., Andriulli, A., Azzaroli, F., Battezzati, P. M., Benedetti, A., Bragazzi, M., Brunetto, M., Bruno, S., Calvaruso, V., Cardinale, V., Casella, G., Cazzagon, N., Ciaccio, A., Coco, B., Colli, A., Colloredo, G., Colombo, M., Colombo, S., Cristoferi, L., Cursaro, C., Croce, L. S., Crosignani, A., D'Amato, D., Donato, F., Elia, G., Fabris, L., Fagiuoli, S., Ferrari, C., Floreani, A., Galli, A., Giannini, E., Grattagliano, I., Lampertico, P., Lleo, A., Malinverno, F., Mancuso, C., Marra, F., Marzioni, M., Massironi, S., Mattalia, A., Miele, L., Milani, C., Morini, L., Morisco, F., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Niro, G. A., O'Donnell, S., Picciotto, A., Portincasa, P., Rigamonti, C., Ronca, V., Rosina, F., Spinzi, G., Strazzabosco, M., Tarocchi, M., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Valenti, L., Vinci, M., Zuin, M., Nakamura, H., Abiru, S., Nagaoka, S., Komori, A., Yatsuhashi, H., Ishibashi, H., Ito, M., Migita, K., Ohira, H., Katsushima, S., Naganuma, A., Sugi, K., Komatsu, T., Mannami, T., Matsushita, K., Yoshizawa, K., Makita, F., Nikami, T., Nishimura, H., Kouno, H., Ota, H., Komura, T., Nakamura, Y., Shimada, M., Hirashima, N., Komeda, T., Ario, K., Nakamuta, M., Yamashita, T., Furuta, K., Kikuchi, M., Naeshiro, N., Takahashi, H., Mano, Y., Tsunematsu, S., Yabuuchi, I., Shimada, Y., Yamauchi, K., Sugimoto, R., Sakai, H., Mita, E., Koda, M., Tsuruta, S., Kamitsukasa, H., Sato, T., Masaki, N., Kobata, T., Fukushima, N., Ohara, Y., Muro, T., Takesaki, E., Takaki, H., Yamamoto, T., Kato, M., Nagaoki, Y., Hayashi, S., Ishida, J., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Koga, M., Saoshiro, T., Yagura, M., Hirata, K., Tanaka, A., Takikawa, H., Zeniya, M., Abe, M., Onji, M., Kaneko, S., Honda, M., Arai, K., Arinaga-Hino, T., Hashimoto, E., Taniai, M., Umemura, T., Joshita, S., Nakao, K., Ichikawa, T., Shibata, H., Yamagiwa, S., Seike, M., Honda, K., Sakisaka, S., Takeyama, Y., Harada, M., Senju, M., Yokosuka, O., Kanda, T., Ueno, Y., Kikuchi, K., Ebinuma, H., Himoto, T., Yasunami, M., Murata, K., Mizokami, M., Kawata, K., Shimoda, S., Miyake, Y., Takaki, A., Yamamoto, K., Hirano, K., Ichida, T., Ido, A., Tsubouchi, H., Chayama, K., Harada, K., Nakanuma, Y., Maehara, Y., Taketomi, A., Shirabe, K., Soejima, Y., Mori, A., Yagi, S., Uemoto, S., H, E., Tanaka, T., Yamashiki, N., Tamura, S., Sugawara, Y., Kokudo, N., Chalasani, N., Luketic, V., Odin, J., Chopra, K., Abecasis, G., Cantor, M., Coppola, G., Economides, A., Lotta, L. A., Overton, J. D., Reid, J. G., Shuldiner, A., Beechert, C., Forsythe, C., Fuller, E. D., Gu, Z., Lattari, M., Lopez, A., Schleicher, T. D., Padilla, M. S., Toledo, K., Widom, L., Wolf, S. E., Pradhan, M., Manoochehri, K., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Balasubramanian, S., Barnard, L., Blumenfeld, A., Eom, G., Habegger, L., Hawes, A., Khalid, S., Maxwell, E. K., Salerno, W., Staples, J. C., Jones, M. B., Mitnaul, L. J., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Yeoman, A., Gunasekera, A. V., Kooner, P., Kapur, K., Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Y., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Rooney, P., Ramanaden, D., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Gasem, J., Shorrock, C., Bhalme, M., Southern, P., Tibble, J. A., Gorard, D. A., Jones, S., Mells, G., Mulcahy, V., Srivastava, B., Foxton, M. R., Collins, C. E., Elphick, D., Karmo, M., Porras-Perez, F., Mendall, M., Yapp, T., Patel, M., Ede, R., Sayer, J., Jupp, J., Fisher, N., Carter, M. J., Koss, K., Shah, J., Piotrowicz, A., Scott, G., Grimley, C., Gooding, I. R., Williams, S., Tidbury, J., Lim, G., Cheent, K., Levi, S., Mansour, D., Beckley, M., Hollywood, C., Wong, T., Marley, R., Ramage, J., Gordon, H. M., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Bob Grover, V. P., Shidrawi, R. G., Abouda, G., Corless, L., Narain, M., Rees, I., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Wilkins, J., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Heneghan, M. A., Curtis, H., Matthews, H. C., Mohammed, F., Aldersley, M., Srirajaskanthan, R., Walker, G., Mcnair, A., Sharif, A., Sen, S., Bird, G., Prince, M. I., Prasad, G., Kitchen, P., Barnardo, A., Oza, C., Sivaramakrishnan, N. N., Gupta, P., Shah, A., Evans, C. D., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Barclay, S. T., Mcdonald, N., Bathgate, A. J., Palmer, K., Dillon, J. F., Rushbrook, S. M., Przemioslo, R., Mcdonald, C., Millar, A., Tai, C., Mitchell, S., Metcalf, J., Shaukat, S., Ninkovic, M., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T. J., Ryder, S., Collier, J., Klass, H., Cramp, M. E., Sharer, N., Aspinall, R., Ghosh, D., Douds, A. C., Booth, J., Williams, E., Hussaini, H., Christie, J., Mann, S., Thorburn, D., Marshall, A., Patanwala, I., Ala, A., Maltby, J., Matthew, R., Corbett, C., Vyas, S., Singhal, S., Gleeson, D., Misra, S., Butterworth, J., George, K., Harding, T., Douglass, A., Mitchison, H., Panter, S., Shearman, J., Bray, G., Roberts, M., Butcher, G., Forton, D., Mahmood, Z., Cowan, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Whatley, G. C. A., Wesley, E., Mandal, A., Jain, S., Pereira, S. P., Wright, M., Trivedi, P., Gordon, F. H., Unitt, E., Palejwala, A., Austin, A., Vemala, V., Grant, A., Higham, A. D., Brind, A., Mathew, R., Cox, M., Ramakrishnan, S., King, A., Whalley, S., Fraser, J., Thomson, S. J., Bell, A., Wong, V. S., Kia, R., Gee, I., Keld, R., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Cordell H.J., Fryett J.J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S.-S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B.D., Atkinson E.J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M.A.R., Sun D., Jones D.E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V.L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R.N., Lazaridis K.N., Amos C.I., Hirschfield G.M., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K.A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G.F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L.A., Overton J.D., Reid J.G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E.D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T.D., Padilla M.S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S.E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R.H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E.K., Salerno W., Staples J.C., Jones M.B., Mitnaul L.J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A.V., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J.A., Gorard D.A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M.R., Collins C.E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M.J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I.R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H.M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V.P., Shidrawi R.G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M.A., Curtis H., Matthews H.C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M.I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N.N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C.D., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S.T., McDonald N., Bathgate A.J., Palmer K., Dillon J.F., Rushbrook S.M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T.J., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M.E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A.C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Roberts M., Butcher G., Forton D., Mahmood Z., Cowan M., Ch'ng C.L., Rahman M., Whatley G.C.A., Wesley E., Mandal A., Jain S., Pereira S.P., Wright M., Trivedi P., Gordon F.H., Unitt E., Palejwala A., Austin A., Vemala V., Grant A., Higham A.D., Brind A., Mathew R., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Whalley S., Fraser J., Thomson S.J., Bell A., Wong V.S., Kia R., Gee I., Keld R., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., Medical Research Council (MRC), LiveR North, Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byan, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Mason, A, Vincent, C, Xie, G, Zhang, J, Affronti, A, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Azzaroli, F, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Cardinale, V, Casella, G, Cazzagon, N, Ciaccio, A, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colloredo, G, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cristoferi, L, Cursaro, C, Croce, L, Crosignani, A, D'Amato, D, Donato, F, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Fagiuoli, S, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Galli, A, Giannini, E, Grattagliano, I, Lampertico, P, Lleo, A, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Massironi, S, Mattalia, A, Miele, L, Milani, C, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, O'Donnell, S, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Rigamonti, C, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Valenti, L, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Migita, K, Ohira, H, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Tanaka, A, Takikawa, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Kawata, K, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, H, E, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Chalasani, N, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Abecasis, G, Cantor, M, Coppola, G, Economides, A, Lotta, L, Overton, J, Reid, J, Shuldiner, A, Beechert, C, Forsythe, C, Fuller, E, Gu, Z, Lattari, M, Lopez, A, Schleicher, T, Padilla, M, Toledo, K, Widom, L, Wolf, S, Pradhan, M, Manoochehri, K, Ulloa, R, Bai, X, Balasubramanian, S, Barnard, L, Blumenfeld, A, Eom, G, Habegger, L, Hawes, A, Khalid, S, Maxwell, E, Salerno, W, Staples, J, Jones, M, Mitnaul, L, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Yeoman, A, Gunasekera, A, Kooner, P, Kapur, K, Sathyanarayana, V, Kallis, Y, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Rooney, P, Ramanaden, D, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Gasem, J, Shorrock, C, Bhalme, M, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Jones, S, Srivastava, B, Foxton, M, Collins, C, Elphick, D, Karmo, M, Porras-Perez, F, Mendall, M, Yapp, T, Patel, M, Ede, R, Sayer, J, Jupp, J, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Shah, J, Piotrowicz, A, Scott, G, Grimley, C, Gooding, I, Williams, S, Tidbury, J, Lim, G, Cheent, K, Levi, S, Mansour, D, Beckley, M, Hollywood, C, Wong, T, Marley, R, Ramage, J, Gordon, H, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Bob Grover, V, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Corless, L, Narain, M, Rees, I, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Wilkins, J, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Matthews, H, Mohammed, F, Aldersley, M, Srirajaskanthan, R, Walker, G, Mcnair, A, Sharif, A, Sen, S, Bird, G, Prince, M, Prasad, G, Kitchen, P, Barnardo, A, Oza, C, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Gupta, P, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Barclay, S, Mcdonald, N, Bathgate, A, Palmer, K, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Mcdonald, C, Millar, A, Tai, C, Mitchell, S, Metcalf, J, Shaukat, S, Ninkovic, M, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Christie, J, Mann, S, Thorburn, D, Marshall, A, Patanwala, I, Ala, A, Maltby, J, Matthew, R, Corbett, C, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Mitchison, H, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Roberts, M, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mahmood, Z, Cowan, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Whatley, G, Wesley, E, Mandal, A, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Wright, M, Trivedi, P, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Palejwala, A, Austin, A, Vemala, V, Grant, A, Higham, A, Brind, A, Mathew, R, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Whalley, S, Fraser, J, Thomson, S, Bell, A, Wong, V, Kia, R, Gee, I, Keld, R, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Cordell HJ, Fryett JJ, Ueno K, Darlay R, Aiba Y, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Khor SS, Gervais O, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Tokunaga K, Tang R, Shi Y, Li Z, Juran BD, Atkinson EJ, Gerussi A, Carbone M, Asselta R, Cheung A, de Andrade M, Baras A, Horowitz J, Ferreira MAR, Sun D, Jones DE, Flack S, Spicer A, Mulcahy VL, Byan J, Han Y, Sandford RN, Lazaridis KN, Amos CI, Hirschfield GM, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, Siminovitch KA, Ma X, Nakamura M, Mells GF, PBC Consortia, Canadian PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, US PBC Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, and Calvaruso V. .

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, ALSPAC, ERN RARE-LIVER, Genomic co-localization, Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening, UK-PBC, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Italian PBC Study Group, LD SCORE REGRESSION, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, Genome-wide association study, Locus (genetics), Disease, SUSCEPTIBILITY, PBC, Chronic liver disease, Bioinformatics, GENETIC ASSOCIATION, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Medicine, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Biliary, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, PBC Consortia, 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, ERN RARE LIVER, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract

[BACKGROUND & AIMS] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intra-hepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology. We undertook the largest GWMA of PBC to date, aiming to identify additional risk loci and prioritise candidate genes for in silico drug efficacy screening. [METHODS] We combined new and existing genotype data for 10, 516 cases and 20, 772 controls from five European and two East Asian cohorts. [RESULTS] We identified 56 genome-wide significant loci (20 novel) including 46 in European, 13 in Asian, and 41 in combined cohorts; and a 57th genome-wide significant locus (also novel) in conditional analysis of the European cohorts. Candidate genes at newly identified loci include FCRL3, INAVA, PRDM1, IRF7, CCR6, CD226, and IL12RB1, each having key roles in immunity. Pathway analysis reiterated the likely importance of pattern recognition receptor and TNF signalling, Jak-STAT signalling, and differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Drug efficacy screening identified several medications predicted to be therapeutic in PBC, some well-established in the treatment of other autoimmune disorders. [CONCLUSIONS] This study has identified additional risk loci for PBC, provided a hierarchy of agents that could be trialled in this condition, and emphasised the value of genetic and genomic approaches to drug discovery in complex disorders. [Lay summary] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that eventually leads to cirrhosis. In this study, we analysed genetic information from 10, 516 people with PBC and 20, 772 healthy individuals recruited in Canada, China, Italy, Japan, UK, or USA. We identified several genetic regions associated with PBC. Each of these regions contains several genes. For each region, we used diverse sources of evidence to help us choose the gene most likely to be involved in causing PBC. We used these ‘candidate genes’ to help us identify medications that are currently used for treatment of other conditions, which might also be useful for treatment of PBC., 原発性胆汁性胆管炎のゲノムワイド関連解析 --国際メタ解析による新規疾患感受性遺伝子と治療薬候補の同定--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-28.

Published
2021

22. Sono-hydro priming process (ultrasound modulated hydration): Modelling hydration kinetic during paddy germination

Author

Vaibhav V. Goud, Shubham Jain, Dipsikha Kalita, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Absorption of water, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Sono-hydro priming, lcsh:QC221-246, Thermodynamics, Germination, 02 engineering and technology, Priming (agriculture), Activation energy, 010402 general chemistry, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Endothermic process, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Thermodynamic properties, Sonication, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Original Research Article, Water content, Hydropriming, Moisture, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Water, Oryza, Models, Theoretical, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Kinetics, lcsh:QD1-999, Fick's model, lcsh:Acoustics. Sound, Peleg model, 0210 nano-technology, Corrigendum
Abstract

Application of ultrasound technology in modulating the hydration process during paddy germination was analyzed in this study. The effect of hydropriming (24 h) and sono-hydro priming (ultrasound priming, 12 h) on the hydration behaviour of paddies was determined at different temperatures (25–40 °C). Ultrasound pulse was applied for 10 min after every one hour for sono-hydro priming. Germination potential and microstructure analysis of treated paddies were also performed. Downward concave curve observed in hydration process of paddies indicates initial high-water absorption through diffusion process. Sono-hydro priming process showed higher hydration rate compared to hydropriming. The changes in moisture content during hydration processes fitted to theoretical (Fick's model) and empirical model (Peleg model) exhibited high regression coefficient (R2 > 0.95) indicating suitability for predicting hydration behaviour in both paddies for germination. The Peleg model adequately predicted saturation moisture content and sono-hydro priming efficiently increased the water absorption rate. Effective moisture diffusivity determined from Fick's diffusion model increased for sono-hydro priming. Activation energy estimated from effective moisture diffusivity required in sono-hydro priming (Ea = 20.32 and 19.19 KJ/mol respectively) for pigmented rice and non-pigmented rice was lower than hydropriming (Ea = 27.11 and 32.15 KJ/mol respectively). Both hydration processes were endothermic and non-spontaneous inferred from thermodynamic properties. Sono-hydro priming exhibited

Published
2020

23. IgG4-related pancreatitis: an uncommon cause of hyperglycaemia

Author

Lindsay George, Asif Nawaz, David M. Williams, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Unusual Association of Diseases/Symptoms, Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Diabetes mellitus, Weight Loss, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Abdominal discomfort, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hyperglycemia, Pancreatitis, Female, Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease, medicine.symptom, Differential diagnosis, Presentation (obstetrics), business, Liver function tests, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Hyperglycaemia is one of the most common metabolic disturbances encountered in clinical practice, with an important differential diagnosis. We report a case of a 72-year-old woman referred to diabetes services with rapidly increasing blood glucose and weight loss despite oral hypoglycaemic therapy. She reported mild upper abdominal discomfort and liver function tests were deranged, prompting further investigation. Abdominal imaging demonstrated a diffusely enlarged pancreas and subsequent investigations noted a markedly raised serum IgG4. She was diagnosed with IgG4-related pancreatitis and swiftly responded to steroid therapy. Secondary causes of diabetes should be considered in people with atypical presentation such as weight loss or rapid progression to insulin use. While IgG4-related disease is rare, its varied clinical presentation as a result of its multiorgan involvement requires a high index of suspicion. This case highlights the importance of a detailed diagnostic work-up and describes an unusual clinical presentation of this increasingly recognised multisystem disease.

Published
2020

24. Interrelation between thermal behaviour and pasting properties of malted rice using multivariate analysis

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, Suvendu Bhattacharya, and Dipsikha Kalita

Subjects
Complex formation, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, 040401 food science, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, chemistry, Amylose, Germination, Thermal, Food science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Instrumentation
Abstract

The interrelation between thermal behaviour and pasting properties in malted rice, affected by time/temperature of germination, was established using multivariate analysis. Two paddy cultivars, low (RLA) and normal amylose (RNA) were germinated at 30 and 35 °C for120 h. Thermal behaviour from DSC plots (onset, peak and conclusion temperatures) of rice increased with germination time; RNA showed a higher decrease in pasting properties compared to RLA. A biphasic pasting curve for malted RLA indicated amylose-lipid complex formation during heating. This complex resulted in increasing trends of all DSC parameters. The principal component analysis biplots of RLA at both temperatures showed that the position of amylose was loaded away from the vicinity of pasting and thermal properties; in RNA, amylose content was in the neighbourhood of these properties. Inter-relationship between the pasting and thermal behaviour of malted rice existed; the information might help for developing malted rice-based weaning and functional foods.

Published
2018
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25. Predicting enzymatic starch hydrolysis mechanism during paddy malting by vibrational spectroscopy and multivariate calibration analysis

Author

Suvendu Bhattacharya, Brijesh Srivastava, and Dipsikha Kalita

Subjects
Starch, Amylopectin, Analytical chemistry, Food chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Vibration, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Spectrophotometry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, medicine, Amylase, Least-Squares Analysis, chemistry.chemical_classification, Principal Component Analysis, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Oryza, Glycosidic bond, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Spectral bands, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Glucose, Pyranose, Calibration, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Amylose, Food Science
Abstract

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques were employed to predict the mechanism of starch hydrolysis based on structural changes during germination of paddy. The proposed mechanism for starch hydrolysis dealt with the synthesis of amylase at the onset of germination, depicting an increased intensity of spectral bands at amide I, II and III regions. The process commenced with the enzyme actions on skeletal mode of pyranose ring structure of glucose units followed by cleavage of the glycosidic linkage by the process of multiple and multi-chain attack resulting in decrease of the bands (400–900 cm−1). The increased intensity of the bands (1200–1500 cm−1) indicated the process of starch hydrolysis and formation of d -glucose. Multivariate calibration analysis (PCA and PLS) was employed to correlate Raman spectral data with biochemical changes during germination and to develop a calibration model. The model showed a high prediction ability with low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) (0.043–0.568).

Published
2018
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26. Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author

Martina Sterneck, Wolfgang Lieb, Christian Rust, Tom H. Karlsen, Massimo Pinzani, Erik Schrumpf, John E. Eaton, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Christoph Schramm, Richard Sandford, Ulrich Beuers, Andrew Mason, Espen Melum, Daniel Gotthardt, A. Boudewijn de Vries, I. Franceschet, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Floris Imhann, Marco Carbone, Pietro Invernizzi, Mark S. Silverberg, Simon Hohenester, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Andreas Teufel, Bart van Hoek, Martti Färkkilä, Einar Bjornsson, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Brijesh Srivastava, Joanne Verheij, Roger W. Chapman, Krista Rombouts, Niklas K. Björkström, Johannes R. Hov, Weiwei Wang, F. Sampaziotis, Ludovic Vallier, Albert Parés, Eleonora A. M. Festen, Kristian Holm, Kalliopi Zachou, Katrin Böttcher, Christopher L. Bowlus, Xiaojun Jiang, Trine Folseraas, Elisabeth M.G. de Vries, Simon M. Rushbrook, Piotr Milkiewicz, Carl A. Anderson, Georgios N. Dalekos, David Ellinghaus, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Rinse K. Weersma, Marco Marzioni, Olivier Chazouillères, Domenico Alvaro, Christian Rupp, Angela M. Cheung, Jimmy Z. Liu, Brian D. Juran, Michael P. Manns, Rudi Alberts, Bertus Eksteen, Tobias J. Weismüller, Graeme J.M. Alexander, Annarosa Floreani, Tobias Müller, Stefan Schreiber, Andre Franke, Elizabeth C. Goode, Henrike Lenzen, Arnau Vich Vila, Annika Bergquist, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Graduate School, Pathology, Alberts, R, De Vries, E, Goode, E, Jiang, X, Sampaziotis, F, Rombouts, K, Böttcher, K, Folseraas, T, Weismüller, T, Mason, A, Wang, W, Alexander, G, Alvaro, D, Bergquist, A, Björkström, N, Beuers, U, Björnsson, E, Boberg, K, Bowlus, C, Bragazzi, M, Carbone, M, Chazouillères, O, Cheung, A, Dalekos, G, Eaton, J, Eksteen, B, Ellinghaus, D, Färkkilä, M, Festen, E, Floreani, A, Franceschet, I, Gotthardt, D, Hirschfield, G, Hoek, B, Holm, K, Hohenester, S, Hov, J, Imhann, F, Invernizzi, P, Juran, B, Lenzen, H, Lieb, W, Liu, J, Marschall, H, Marzioni, M, Melum, E, Milkiewicz, P, Müller, T, Pares, A, Rupp, C, Rust, C, Sandford, R, Schramm, C, Schreiber, S, Schrumpf, E, Silverberg, M, Srivastava, B, Sterneck, M, Teufel, A, Vallier, L, Verheij, J, Vila, A, Vries, B, Zachou, K, Chapman, R, Manns, M, Pinzani, M, Rushbrook, S, Lazaridis, K, Franke, A, Anderson, C, Karlsen, T, Ponsioen, C, Weersma, R, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Doctoral Programme in Drug Research, Department of Medicine, Clinicum, Gastroenterologian yksikkö, HUS Abdominal Center, and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Candidate gene, Cholangitis, medicine.medical_treatment, Medizin, Trasplantament hepàtic, Genome-wide association study, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, LIVER FIBROSIS, Liver transplantation, Bioinformatics, Sclerosing, Oral and gastrointestinal, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, genetics, liver transplantation, Cohort Studies, ACTIVATION, 0302 clinical medicine, MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA, MULTIPLE, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Aetiology, CIRRHOSIS, Bilious diseases and biliousness, Liver Disease, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, Single Nucleotide, Primary sclerosing cholangiti, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, Disease Progression, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Clinical Sciences, Malalties del tracte biliar, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, International PSC Study Group, Article, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Allele, Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder), Survival analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, MALIGNANCY, The UK PSC Consortium, Transplantation, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, medicine.disease, RISK LOCI, Logistic Models, 030104 developmental biology, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, genetic, Hepatic transplantation, Thrombospondins, Digestive Diseases, business, Genètica
Abstract

ObjectivePrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a genetically complex, inflammatory bile duct disease of largely unknown aetiology often leading to liver transplantation or death. Little is known about the genetic contribution to the severity and progression of PSC. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with PSC disease progression and development of complications.DesignWe collected standardised PSC subphenotypes in a large cohort of 3402 patients with PSC. After quality control, we combined 130 422 single nucleotide polymorphisms of all patients—obtained using the Illumina immunochip—with their disease subphenotypes. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, we identified genetic variants associated with binary and time-to-event PSC subphenotypes.ResultsWe identified genetic variant rs853974 to be associated with liver transplant-free survival (p=6.07×10–9). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a 50.9% (95% CI 41.5% to 59.5%) transplant-free survival for homozygous AA allele carriers of rs853974 compared with 72.8% (95% CI 69.6% to 75.7%) for GG carriers at 10 years after PSC diagnosis. For the candidate gene in the region, RSPO3, we demonstrated expression in key liver-resident effector cells, such as human and murine cholangiocytes and human hepatic stellate cells.ConclusionWe present a large international PSC cohort, and report genetic loci associated with PSC disease progression. For liver transplant-free survival, we identified a genome-wide significant signal and demonstrated expression of the candidate gene RSPO3 in key liver-resident effector cells. This warrants further assessments of the role of this potential key PSC modifier gene.

Published
2017
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27. Influence of germination conditions on malting potential of low and normal amylose paddy and changes in enzymatic activity and physico chemical properties

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, Dipsikha Kalita, and Bipul Sarma

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Alpha-amylase activity, Starch, Amylopectin, Carbohydrates, Germination, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Amylose, 010608 biotechnology, Amylase, Food science, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Viscosity, Temperature, food and beverages, Oryza, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, Reducing sugar, Agronomy, chemistry, biology.protein, alpha-Amylases, Alpha-amylase, Food Science
Abstract

Malting potential of two rice cultivar i.e. low (12.5%) (LR) and normal (20.2%) amylose paddy (NR) were evaluated under different germination conditions (25–40 °C for 120 h). Based on malting potential, 30 and 35 °C germination temperatures were found suitable. Enzymes (amylolytic and α-amylase) activity increased at both temperatures for LR and NR whereas NR exhibited higher activity. NR malted rice showed higher starch degradation (64 and 74 times) when compared to LR (58 and 62 times) at 30 and 35 °C respectively leading to formation of reducing sugar and lowering of viscosity. During germination of LR and NR significant morphological and structural changes were observed as evident from pin-holes and eroded surface in micrographs, decreased % crystallinity and FTIR peaks. Outcome of present study concluded that the amylose amylopectin ratio played an important role during germination and NR paddy was found more suitable for malting at 30 and 35 °C.

Published
2017
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28. Factors Associated With Outcomes of Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Development and Validation of a Risk Scoring System

Author

Mette Vesterhus, Simon M. Rushbrook, Richard Sandford, Kate D. Lynch, Douglas Thorburn, George F. Mells, William Gelson, Edit Castren, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Palak J. Trivedi, Roger W. Chapman, Sun-Gou Ji, M. Aldersley, Mark Hudson, Michael A. Heneghan, Andrew Bathgate, Graeme J.M. Alexander, Brijesh Srivastava, Martine Walmsley, Carl A. Anderson, Tom H. Karlsen, Allan Clark, Elizabeth C. Goode, Kelly Spiess, Goode, Elizabeth C [0000-0002-8425-1530], Ji, Sun-Gou [0000-0001-8652-6318], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Liver transplantation, Risk Assessment, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Biliary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholestasis, HLA Antigens, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Framingham Risk Score, Hepatology, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Original Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Alkaline Phosphatase, United Kingdom, 3. Good health, Liver Transplantation, Autoimmune, Cholestatic and Biliary Disease, Cohort, Original Article, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Risk assessment, business
Abstract

We sought to identify factors that are predictive of liver transplantation or death in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and to develop and validate a contemporaneous risk score for use in a real-world clinical setting. Analyzing data from 1,001 patients recruited to the UK-PSC research cohort, we evaluated clinical variables for their association with 2-year and 10-year outcome through Cox-proportional hazards and C-statistic analyses. We generated risk scores for short-term and long-term outcome prediction, validating their use in two independent cohorts totaling 451 patients. Thirty-six percent of the derivation cohort were transplanted or died over a cumulative follow-up of 7,904 years. Serum alkaline phosphatase of at least 2.4 × upper limit of normal at 1 year after diagnosis was predictive of 10-year outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.05; C = 0.63; median transplant-free survival 63 versus 108 months; P < 0.0001), as was the presence of extrahepatic biliary disease (HR = 1.45; P = 0.01). We developed two risk scoring systems based on age, values of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, platelets, presence of extrahepatic biliary disease, and variceal hemorrhage, which predicted 2-year and 10-year outcomes with good discrimination (C statistic = 0.81 and 0.80, respectively). Both UK-PSC risk scores were well-validated in our external cohort and outperformed the Mayo Clinic and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) scores (C statistic = 0.75 and 0.63, respectively). Although heterozygosity for the previously validated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR*03:01 risk allele predicted increased risk of adverse outcome (HR = 1.33; P = 0.001), its addition did not improve the predictive accuracy of the UK-PSC risk scores. Conclusion: Our analyses, based on a detailed clinical evaluation of a large representative cohort of participants with PSC, furthers our understanding of clinical risk markers and reports the development and validation of a real-world scoring system to identify those patients most likely to die or require liver transplantation.

Published
2019

29. PTU-012 Identifying differences in management of PBC to inform future practices -results from all-wales trainee collaborative

Author

Usama Aslam, Asma Abdul-Sattar, Rachel Newbould, Kate Edwards, Syed Anjum Gardezi, David G. Samuel, Lavanya Shenbagaraj, Rachel Shakespeare, Rebecca Vincent, Victoria Jennings, Philip Harborne, Laith Alrubaly, Imran Yahya, Andrew N. Phillips, Hasan Haboubi, Janardhan Navaratnam, Gautham Appanna, Fidan Yousef, Brijesh Srivastava, Tom Pembroke, Seetharam Mannem, and Andrew D. Yeoman

Subjects
Clinical audit, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, business.industry, Biliary cirrhosis, Hepatology, medicine.disease, Response to treatment, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Internal medicine, medicine, Dosing, Health board, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease, which can progress to end-stage biliary cirrhosis. Risk stratification and assessment of response to treatment is important to target care and identify patients who may benefit from newer treatments to improve prognosis. We studied the clinical practice of patients with PBC across Wales, a geographically diverse region of over 3 million. Methods A clinical audit tool was developed with UK-PBC and EASL guidelines. Data was retrospectively collected by specialist trainees in each health board. This included the use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), its appropriate dosing and assessment of response. The prevalence of cirrhosis and identification of high risk patients was also assessed. Results A total of 406 patients with a diagnosis of PBC were identified across five Welsh health boards. Of these, the majority were female (73%). Mean age at diagnosis was 59.7 years (±13.5). Serological testing for PBC (AMA > 1/40) was present in 88.5% at time of diagnosis. Mean Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) at diagnosis was 334U/L (56–2020). Mean follow-up since diagnosis was 7.9±6 years. Of 214 patients with recent clinic letters, 179 (83.6%) were on UDCA. Across health boards this ranged from 67.9% to 91.5%. Patients managed by hepatologists were more likely to be on the appropriate dose of UDCA (92.9%) compared to gastroenterologists (39.3%), p=0.018. Assessment of response to UDCA at 1 year was 59.3%. This was performed more frequently by hepatologists (86.8%) than gastroenterologists (62.5%), p=0.024. 47.8% of patients had cirrhosis. 18.4% of patients were identified as high risk as defined by a bilirubin >50umol/L or dropping albumin. Of 82 patients with clinic letters documenting a conversation about transplant, 26 patients were considered with 12 patients undergoing liver transplant. Conclusions This study provides valuable insight into the care of PBC patients across Wales. It serves to highlight the wide variation and discrepancies in adherence to standards between hepatology and gastroenterology managed patients, despite widely available guidelines. In particular, patients managed by hepatologists were more likely to receive optimal UDCA dosing and have response documented at 1 year. This has important implications on accessing newer therapies. These findings will be used to review the PBC care pathway in Wales to improve adherence to standards and improve patient care

Published
2019
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30. Textural degradation, drying and rehydration behaviour of ohmically treated pineapple cubes

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, Amardeep Kumar, Arjuara Begum, Saddam Hussain, and Monjurul Hoque

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Moisture, Chemistry, Blanching, Airflow, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Thermal diffusivity, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Distilled water, Color changes, 010608 biotechnology, Degradation (geology), Food science, Mass gain, Food Science
Abstract

The present research aimed to study the effect of Ohmic heating (OH) treatment on textural degradation and as a pretreatment step prior to drying freshly cut pineapple (Anana comosus) cubes. The fresh samples were heated up to 90 °C with electric field strength (EFS: 25, 30, 35 V/cm) for a time duration (60, 90, 120, 150, 180 s), and the textural degradation and color changes were studied. The OH treated samples were dried in a tray drier at 70 °C with an airflow of 0.1 m3/s and the rehydration of these dehydrated samples was carried out at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for 7 h in distilled water. It was found that the maximum textural degradation occurred with the treatment time 90 and 120 s for the respective EFS. The effective moisture diffusivity during drying of the OH treated samples was found to be in the range of 1.91 × 10−8 to 2.30 × 10−8 m2/s. Non-significant differences of % mass gain and rehydration ratio were observed to increase treatment time at p > 0.05. Based on the current study, OH heating can be used as an alternative to conventional blanching of fruits and vegetables prior to drying and storing.

Published
2021
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31. Optimization of microwave power and curing time of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Longa L.) based on textural degradation

Author

Dipsikha Kalita, Baby Z. Hmar, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Materials science, biology, Starch, Microwave power, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Microwave assisted, Rhizome, chemistry.chemical_compound, Curing time, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, chemistry, 010608 biotechnology, Food science, Curcuma, Curing (chemistry), Microwave, Food Science
Abstract

Microwave based curing operation for turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Longa L.) was planned in this study. Parameters were optimized based on textural degradation (hardness) of rhizome due to starch modification. Conventional and improved conventional microwave assisted curing (MCC & MICC) of turmeric rhizome was investigated at two power levels (900 and 600 W) at different time (2, 4, 3 and 5 min) and compared to conventional (CC) and improved conventional curing (ICC) process (boiling in water or alkali for 45min). ANOVA showed time had more significant effect based on hierarchy of F value at p

Published
2017
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32. Genome-wide association study of primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies new risk loci and quantifies the genetic relationship with inflammatory bowel disease

Author

Christopher L. Bowlus, Sören Mucha, Piotr Milkiewicz, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Michael P. Manns, Peter R. Durie, Daniel J. Gaffney, Catalina Coltescu, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, David Ellinghaus, Daniel Gotthardt, George F. Mells, Espen Melum, Joseph A. Odin, Mattias Laudes, Cisca Wijmenga, Kris V. Kowdley, Annarosa Floreani, Tejas S. Shah, Richard Sandford, Erik M. Schlicht, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Javier Gutierrez-Achury, Felix Braun, Martina Sterneck, Carl A. Anderson, Tom H. Karlsen, Andre Franke, Velimir A. Luketic, Brijesh Srivastava, Aliya Gulamhusein, Elizabeth C. Goode, Kelly Spiess, Gunnar Jacobs, Olivier Chazouillères, Wolfgang Lieb, Tobias Müller, Andreas Teufel, Trine Folseraas, Roger W. Chapman, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, David J. Roberts, Christoph Schramm, Sun-Gou Ji, Albert Parés, Mariza de Andrade, Stefan Schreiber, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Kimmo Kontula, Pietro Invernizzi, Simon M. Rushbrook, Luke Jostins, Carmel Moore, Naga Chalasani, Jimmy Z. Liu, Brian D. Juran, Willem H. Ouwehand, Graeme J.M. Alexander, John E. Eaton, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Natsuhiko Kumasaka, Martti Färkkilä, Annika Bergquist, Kapil B. Chopra, John Danesh, Bertus Eksteen, Tobias J. Weismüller, Rinse K. Weersma, Ulrich Beuers, Severine Vermeire, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Ji, S, Juran, B, Mucha, S, Folseraas, T, Jostins, L, Melum, E, Kumasaka, N, Atkinson, E, Schlicht, E, Liu, J, Shah, T, Gutierrez Achury, J, Boberg, K, Bergquist, A, Vermeire, S, Eksteen, B, Durie, P, Farkkila, M, Müller, T, Schramm, C, Sterneck, M, Weismüller, T, Gotthardt, D, Ellinghaus, D, Braun, F, Teufel, A, Laudes, M, Lieb, W, Jacobs, G, Beuers, U, Weersma, R, Wijmenga, C, Marschall, H, Milkiewicz, P, Pares, A, Kontula, K, Chazouillères, O, Invernizzi, P, Goode, E, Spiess, K, Moore, C, Sambrook, J, Ouwehand, W, Roberts, D, Danesh, J, Floreani, A, Gulamhusein, A, Eaton, J, Schreiber, S, Coltescu, C, Bowlus, C, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Kowdley, K, Chalasani, N, Manns, M, Srivastava, B, Mells, G, Sandford, R, Alexander, G, Gaffney, D, Chapman, R, Hirschfield, G, de Andrade, M, Rushbrook, S, Franke, A, Karlsen, T, Lazaridis, K, Anderson, C, and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, Bioinformatics, Gastroenterology, Inflammatory bowel disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Gastroenterologia, education.field_of_study, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, REGIONS, Ulcerative colitis, Inflamació, 3. Good health, Malalties inflamatòries intestinals, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.medical_specialty, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, Population, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Locus (genetics), Biology, Inflammatory bowel diseases, digestive system, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, REVEALS, Genetics, medicine, SNP, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Allele, TRANSCRIPTOME, education, METAANALYSIS, Alleles, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Inflammation, medicine.disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, digestive system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, PSORIATIC-ARTHRITIS, Colitis, Ulcerative, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare progressive disorder leading to bile duct destruction; similar to 75% of patients have comorbid inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We undertook the largest genome-wide association study of PSC (4,796 cases and 19,955 population controls) and identified four new genome-wide significant loci. The most associated SNP at one locus affects splicing and expression of UBASH3A, with the protective allele (C) predicted to cause nonstop-mediated mRNA decay and lower expression of UBASH3A. Further analyses based on common variants suggested that the genome-wide genetic correlation (r(G)) between PSC and ulcerative colitis (UC) (r(G) = 0.29) was significantly greater than that between PSC and Crohn's disease (CD) (r(G) = 0.04) (P = 2.55 x 10(-15)). UC and CD were genetically more similar to each other (r(G) = 0.56) than either was to PSC (P

Published
2016

33. Optimization of postharvest ultrasonic treatment of kiwifruit using RSM

Author

Kambhampati Vivek, Brijesh Srivastava, and K.V. Subbarao

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Central composite design, Actinidia, Population, Shelf life, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, Ultrasonics, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Response surface methodology, Food science, education, Actinidia deliciosa, education.field_of_study, biology, Organic Chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, chemistry, Fruit, Sodium hypochlorite, Postharvest, Respiration rate
Abstract

This study reports the optimization of ultrasonic treatment combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution on kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) to evaluate its effect on microbial population, respiration rate and its textural quality. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on four factors three level central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of process variables on ultrasonic treatment. Four independent variables include ultrasonic intensity (184-368W/cm(2)), temperature (25-40°C), treatment time (8-15min) and concentration of the solvent (30-60ppm) were considered for this study. According to RSM analysis, the optimal treatment parameters obtained were ultrasonic intensity (368W/cm(2)), temperature (25°C), treatment time (8min) and concentration of the solvent (30ppm). Microbial population, respiration rate and some quality parameters were compared with NaOCl treated kiwifruits. An ultrasound combined with NaOCl was found to be the most effective treatment in inhibiting the microbial growth (bacteria, yeast and mold) and preserving the quality of kiwifruits, and these results suggest that the ultrasound treatment may provide an alternative for extending the shelf life of whole kiwifruit, maintains the quality of fresh cut kiwifruits and further increases the shelf life of chitosan coated fresh cut kiwifruit.

Published
2016
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34. Optimization of time-electric field combination for PPO inactivation in sugarcane juice by ohmic heating and its shelf life assessment

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, H.A. Makroo, and Juhi Saxena

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Chemistry, Refrigeration, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ascorbic acid, biology.organism_classification, Shelf life, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Polyphenol oxidase, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 010608 biotechnology, Electric field, Food science, Joule heating, Ohmic contact, Food Science
Abstract

The effect of ohmic heat (OH) treatment was measured on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in sugarcane juice under different electric field strengths (24, 32 and 48 V/cm) and holding times (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 min) at a temperature of 80 ± 2 °C, optimized by conventional thermal (CT) treatment. The optimum temperature of PPO inactivation for CT-treatment was determined in a parallel study. The processing condition of 32 V/cm and 1 min holding time was found optimum and was analyzed for titrable acidity (TA), reducing sugars (RS), ascorbic acid (AA) and microbial load for 10 and 30 days at room and refrigeration temperatures respectively. During refrigerated storage, TA and RS remained significantly (p

Published
2016
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35. FRI-057-A review of primary biliary cholangitis practice in Wales: Time for specialist care

Author

Tom Pembroke, Rachel Newbould, Laith Alrubaiy, Lavanya Shenbagaraj, Victoria Jennings, Usama Aslam, Gautham Appanna, Andrew D. Yeoman, Asma Abdul-Sattar, Kate Edwards, Janardhan Navaratnam, Rebecca Vincent, David G. Samuel, Philip Harborne, Fidan Yousuf, Seetharam Mannem, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Andrew Philips, Hasan Haboubi, Brijesh Srivastava, Syed Anjum Gardezi, and Imran Yahya

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Family medicine, Medicine, business, Specialist care
Published
2019
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37. Association between progressive hepatic morphology changes on serial MR imaging and clinical outcome in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author

Sara Upponi, Yu Xuan Kitzing, David J. Lomas, Brijesh Srivastava, Siobhan A Whitley, and Graeme J.M. Alexander

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, medicine.medical_treatment, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Liver transplantation, Gastroenterology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Muscle hypertrophy, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Magnetic resonance imaging, Bilirubin, medicine.disease, Mr imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Liver Transplantation, Transplantation, Oncology, Disease Progression, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, business
Abstract

Introduction Hepatic morphology changes are well described in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and characterised by a combination of atrophy and hypertrophy changes. This study investigates the relationship between progression of these changes over time and clinical outcome in patients with PSC. Methods Fifty-three patients with PSC (mean age 44, 28 males and 25 females) who underwent serial MRI liver studies at least one year apart were identified. The first and the last MRI studies were selected for the retrospective analysis. Three radiologists reviewed and compared both studies for changes in hepatic morphology, specifically atrophy and/or hypertrophy. The imaging findings were correlated with adverse clinical outcomes defined as death or liver transplantation and with serum bilirubin. Results There was a mean interval of 60 months between MRI examinations and a mean clinical follow-up period thereafter of 22 months. Thirty-three (62.3%) patients had stable hepatic morphology, whilst 20 (37.7%) patients showed hepatic morphology changes (atrophy: 13 patients, 24%; hypertrophy: 16 patients, 30%). Eleven patients (21%) died or underwent liver transplantation. There was a significant correlation between interval hepatic atrophy and adverse clinical outcomes (P = 0.001). Significant correlations were found between increasing serum bilirubin level and interval hepatic atrophy, hepatic hypertrophy and combined changes (P = 0.025, P = 0.022, P = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion Hepatic morphology changes over time in patients with PSC are heterogeneous with some patients developing atrophy and/or hypertrophy whilst other patients remain stable. In this retrospective study, progressive hepatic atrophy showed significant association with adverse clinical outcome defined by either death or liver transplantation.

Published
2016

38. Modeling and optimization of parameters of flow rate of paddy rice grains through the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of drum seeder

Author

G. V. Prasanna Kumar, D. S. Nagesh, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Forestry, Mechanics, Drum, Horticulture, Circumference, Seeder, Computer Science Applications, Volumetric flow rate, symbols.namesake, Volume (thermodynamics), Froude number, symbols, Seeding, Agronomy and Crop Science, Simulation, Body orifice, Mathematics
Abstract

An experimental investigation was conducted to model the complex flow rate of paddy rice grains through the orifices on the circumference of the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of a hand tractor drawn or self-propelled drum seeder using regression analysis and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The dimensional analysis approach was followed to develop various dimensionless terms and study their effect on the flow rate. In the range of parameters studied, it was observed that the flow rate of paddy rice grains through the orifices of the drum increased with increase in Froude number and decreased with increase in orifice spacing to diameter ratio and drum fill ratio. A 4-9-5-1 neural network was found to predict the flow rate better than regression equation with overall mean absolute percentage relative error of 4.85%. Optimization technique based on Fast Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to determine the levels of drum-grain-operating parameters for achieving the optimum flow rate to obtain the seed rate of 80kg/ha with minimum deviation from its mean value with emptying of drum. The optimum drum configuration was found to be the one with 36 orifices of 6mm diameter on its circumference. The drum was required to be initially filled to the extent of 53% of its total volume. Optimum speed of rotation of drum was 61rpm which resulted in the forward speed of operation of 4.60-6.90km/h if the forward speed of operation to peripheral speed of drum is in the range of 2:1 to 3:1. The outcome of the study will be useful for precise planting operation and the development of suitable systems for maintaining uniformity of seeding under field conditions.

Published
2009
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39. Kinetics of the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase and formation of reducing sugars in sugarcane juice during Ohmic and conventional heating

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, H.A. Makroo, Suvendu Bhattacharya, and Juhi Saxena

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, General Chemical Engineering, Kinetics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Polyphenol oxidase, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Enzyme, chemistry, Polyphenol, 010608 biotechnology, biology.protein, Food science, Catechol oxidase, Ohmic contact, Food Science
Published
2017
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40. O080 : Early clinical features associated with long-term risk of transplantation in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Results from the UK-PSC consortium

Author

Elizabeth C. Goode, Kelly Spiess, Gideon M. Hirschfield, William Gelson, Palak J. Trivedi, Roger W. Chapman, Richard Sandford, Graeme J.M. Alexander, Simon M. Rushbrook, George F. Mells, Brijesh Srivastava, and Allan Clark

Subjects
Transplantation, Long term risk, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Published
2015
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41. Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies nine new risk loci for primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author

Carl A. Anderson, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Isabelle Cleynen, Wesley K. Thompson, Ole A. Andreassen, Andreas Teufel, Felix Braun, Einar Björnsson, John D. Rioux, Roger W. Chapman, Inke R. König, Javier Gutierrez-Achury, Gabriele Mayr, Stefan Schreiber, Stephan Brand, Mitja Mitrovic, Annika Bergquist, Michael P. Manns, Jean-Paul Achkar, Simon M. Rushbrook, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Martina Sterneck, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Christian Rust, Andrew J. Schork, Albert Parés, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Graeme J.M. Alexander, Espen Melum, Bertus Eksteen, Juliane Winkelmann, Cisca Wijmenga, Ingo Thomsen, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Isis Ricaño-Ponce, Erik Schrumpf, Peter J. P. Croucher, Jimmy Z. Liu, Richard H. Duerr, Nadezhda Tsankova Doncheva, Annarosa Floreani, Eva Ellinghaus, Markus M. Nöthen, Brian D. Juran, Judy H. Cho, Mario Albrecht, Stefan Herms, Tobias J. Weismüller, Leonid Padyukov, Virpi Leppa, Morten H. Vatn, Mark S. Silverberg, Tobias Müller, Olivier Chazouillères, Domenico Alvaro, Christoph Schramm, Ruslan Dorfman, Richard Sandford, David A. van Heel, Rinse K. Weersma, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Anders M. Dale, Martti Färkkilä, Brijesh Srivastava, Severine Vermeire, Trine Folseraas, Vito Annese, Pietro Invernizzi, Tejas Shah, Daniel Gotthardt, Janna Saarela, Christopher L. Bowlus, Sigrid Næss, Andrew Mason, Stephen S. Rich, Johannes R. Hov, Peter R. Durie, Andre Franke, Kristian Hveem, Tom H. Karlsen, Piotr Milkiewicz, Miquel Sans, Georgios N. Dalekos, David Ellinghaus, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England, Oslo Univ Hosp, Rikshosp, Div Canc Med Surg & Transplantat, Norwegian PSC Res Ctr,Dept Transplantat Med, Oslo, Norway Oslo Univ Hosp, Rikshosp, Internal Med Res Inst, KG Jebsen Inflammat Res Ctr, Oslo, Norway Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, Oslo, Norway Oslo Univ Hosp, Rikshosp, Div Canc Med Surg & Transplantat, Sect Gastroenterol,Dept Transplantat Med, Oslo, Norway Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Kiel, Germany Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Norfolk, VA USA Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, England Max Planck Inst Informat, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Mental Hlth & Addict, KG Jebsen Ctr Psychosis Res, Oslo, Norway Univ Groningen, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands Hannover Med Sch, Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol & Endocrinol, Hannover, Germany Hannover Med Sch, Integrated Res & Treatment Ctr Transplantat IFB T, Hannover, Germany Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Snyder Inst Chron Dis, Calgary, AB, Canada Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Ctr Autoimmune Liver Dis, Rozzano, Italy Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Toronto, ON, Canada NIHR, Liver Res Ctr, Biomed Res Unit, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Dept Med, Heidelberg, Germany Univ Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Liver Unit,Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Ctr Basic Res Digest Dis, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rochester, MN USA Pomeranian Med Univ, Liver Unit, Szczecin, Poland Pomeranian Med Univ, Liver Res Labs, Szczecin, Poland Univ Munich, Dept Med 2, Munich, Germany Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Med 1, Hamburg, Germany Charite, Dept Internal Med Hepatol & Gastroenterol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Univ Cambridge, Acad Dept Med Genet, Cambridge, England Univ Thessaly, Sch Med, Dept Med, Larisa, Greece Univ Thessaly, Sch Med, Larisa, Greece Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, Bonn, Germany Univ Bonn, Dept Genom, Life & Brain Ctr, Bonn, Germany Tech Univ Munich, Inst Human Genet, D-80290 Munich, Germany Tech Univ Munich, Dept Neurol, D-80290 Munich, Germany German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Human Genet, Neuherberg, Germany Univ Groningen, Dept Genet, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein, Dept Gen Visceral Thorac Transplantat & Pediat Su, Kiel, Germany Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Hepatobiliary Surg & Transplantat, Hamburg, Germany Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Med 1, Mainz, Germany Univ Alberta, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Edmonton, AB, Canada Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland Univ Helsinki, FIMM, Publ Hlth Genom Unit, Helsinki, Finland Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Clin Med, Div Gastroenterol, Rome, Italy Univ Padua, Dept Surg Oncol & Gastroenterol Sci, Padua, Italy Univ Virginia, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA USA Univ Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Charlottesville, VA USA Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA USA Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego, Grad Program Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Med Univ Lubeck, Inst Med Biometry & Stat, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Louvain, Belgium Queen Mary Univ London, Blizard Inst, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, London, England Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Reykjavik, Iceland Hosp Sick Children, Physiol & Expt Med Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Akershus Univ Hosp, EpiGen, Nordbyhagen, Norway Mt Sinai Hosp, Inflammatory Bowel Dis IBD Grp, Zane Cohen Ctr Digest Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Rheumatol Unit, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp Solna, Stockholm, Sweden Univ Munich, Univ Hosp Munich Grosshadern, Dept Med 2, Munich, Germany Ctr Med Teknon, Dept Digest Dis, Barcelona, Spain Casa Sollievodella Sofferenza Hosp, Ist Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci, Div Gastroenterol, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Azienda Osped Univ Careggi, Unit Gastroenterol SOD2, Florence, Italy Cleveland Clin, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Inst Digest Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Pathobiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA Sahlgrens Acad, Inst Med, Dept Internal Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Paris 06, Hop St Antoine, AP HP, Dept Hepatol, Paris, France Univ Calif Davis, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Katholieke Univ Leuven Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Louvain, Belgium Univ Med Greifswald, Dept Bioinformat, Inst Biometr & Med Informat, Greifswald, Germany Univ Montreal, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada Montreal Heart Inst, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Div Hepatol, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England Karolinska Univ, Huddinge Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Stockholm, Sweden Yale Univ, Dept Med, Sect Digest Dis, New Haven, CT 06520 USA Univ Kiel, Dept Gen Internal Med, Kiel, Germany Univ Kiel, Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, PopGen Biobank, Kiel, Germany Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Helsinki, Finland Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA John Radcliffe Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Hepatol, Oxford, England Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Med, Div Gastroenterol, Bergen, Norway, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Subjects
Linkage disequilibrium, HISTONE DEACETYLASE, Genotyping Techniques, endocrine system diseases, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Bioinformatics, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Risk Factors, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, Crohn's disease, education.field_of_study, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, CELIAC-DISEASE, Genetic Pleiotropy, Lifrarsjúkdómar, 3. Good health, FALSE DISCOVERY RATE, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, genetic association study, disease genetics, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, Population, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Human leukocyte antigen, GENETIC RISK, Biology, liver, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, digestive system, Article, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 03 medical and health sciences, FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY, Genetics, medicine, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, education, 030304 developmental biology, NATURAL-HISTORY, Arfgengi, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, immunogenetics, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Genome-Wide Association Study, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a severe liver disease of unknown etiology leading to fibrotic destruction of the bile ducts and ultimately to the need for liver transplantation. We compared 3,789 PSC cases of European ancestry to 25,079 population controls across 130,422 SNPs genotyped using the Immunochip. We identified 12 genome-wide significant associations outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, 9 of which were new, increasing the number of known PSC risk loci to 16. Despite comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 72% of the cases, 6 of the 12 loci showed significantly stronger association with PSC than with IBD, suggesting overlapping yet distinct genetic architectures for these two diseases. We incorporated association statistics from 7 diseases clinically occurring with PSC in the analysis and found suggestive evidence for 33 additional pleiotropic PSC risk loci. Together with network analyses, these findings add to the genetic risk map of PSC and expand on the relationship between PSC and other immune-mediated diseases. Norwegian PSC Research Center German Ministry of Education and Research through the National Genome Research Network 01GS0809-GP7 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FR 2821/2-1 Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation 01EO0802 PopGen Biobank Wellcome Trust 098051 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/262055

Published
2013
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42. Ohmic heating assisted polyphenol oxidase inactivation of watermelon juice: Effects of the treatment on pH, lycopene, total phenolic content, and color of the juice

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, Juhi Saxena, Navin K. Rastogi, and H.A. Makroo

Subjects
Melon, General Chemical Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, First order, 040401 food science, Polyphenol oxidase, Lycopene, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Browning, Food science, Phenols, Flavor, Food Science
Abstract

Fresh watermelon juice was treated at 90 8C by hot-water (HW) and ohmic (OH) treatment (with SS:316 electrodes) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 sec. PPO activity was reduced to 36.15 and 8.87% in 60 sec by HW and OH treatment respectively. The PPO inactivation was fitted to the first order model; the reaction constant (k), D90 obtained was 0.02 s21, 115.1 sec, and 0.062 s21, 37.1 sec for HW and OH treatment respectively. During both the treatments of watermelon juice total phenols (TPC) showed significant change whereas no significant change was observed in lycopene content. Total change in color (DE) during OH treatment was found lesser as compared to HW treatment, hue angle was found to increase at a higher rate in HW than that of OH treatment. Finally it was concluded that PPO of water melon juice can be inactivated rapidly by OH than HW treatment. Practical applications Enzymatic browning and lycopene degradation are the major factors that limit the storage of watermelon juice. High temperatures and processing times employed during thermal processing cause deleterious changes in the color, flavor, and sensory aspects of the product. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the comparative effect of ohmic and conventional heating on inactivation of PPO as well as quality changes in watermelon juice so as to suggest a time-efficient alternative that can be explored further for commercial packaging.

Published
2017
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43. Effect of ohmic heating on Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) inactivation and color change in sugarcane juice

Author

H.A. Makroo, Juhi Saxena, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Orange juice, biology, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Kinetics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Polyphenol oxidase, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, 010608 biotechnology, Browning, biology.protein, Z-value, Food science, D-value, Catechol oxidase, Flavor, Food Science
Abstract

Sugarcane juice was analyzed for the effect of four different time-temperatures (60–90?C for 5–20 min) at three electric field strengths (EFS) (24, 32, and 48 V cm-1) on PPO activity in a lab scale ohmic heater. At 60°C, the activity decreased with increase in EFS while at 70–90°C, increased activity was observed at 32 and 48 V cm21. Up to 97.8% reduction in activity was observed at 32 V cm-1/90°C/5 min. The biphasic model was the best to describe PPO inactivation kinetics. The kinetic analysis showed that the decimal reduction time (D-value, minute) decreased with increasing EFS at different temperatures. At 32 V cm-1/90°C/5 min, the D-value was 8.25 and 76.55 min for labile and stable PPO fractions, respectively. The electric field sensitivity parameter (ZV-value, V cm-1) was lower at 60 and 70°C but increased with treatment temperature. The z-value (z°C) for the labile fraction consistently decreased with increasing EFS and was lower than the stable fraction. Color change was inversely proportional to treatment temperatures at 24V cm-1 and directly proportional at 32 and 48V cm-1. The kinetics for L, a, b values was best described by first order model while colour change was best explained by the combined model. Practical applications Sugarcane juice is one of the most widely relished beverages of south Asia. However, enzymatic browning is a major factor that limits its storage to only a few hours after extraction. High temperatures and processing times employed during thermal processing cause deleterious changes in the color, flavor and the overall nutritive components of the product. Ohmic heating has been applied to different commercial food products (like strawberries, grapes, orange juice) and has been rendered as a time-efficient process. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of ohmic heating on inactivation of the browning enzyme (PPO) in sugarcane juice and its kinetic analysis, so as to suggest an alternative that can be explored further for commercial packaging of sugarcane juice.

Published
2016
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44. Enzyme inactivation of tomato juice by ohmic heating and its effects on physico-chemical characteristics of concentrated tomato paste

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, H.A. Makroo, and Navin K. Rastogi

Subjects
food.ingredient, Pectin, General Chemical Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Apparent viscosity, Ascorbic acid, 040401 food science, Esterase, Lycopene, Matrix (chemical analysis), chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, food, chemistry, Composition (visual arts), Food science, Pectinase, Food Science
Abstract

Fresh juice of fully ripe tomato was subjected to ohmic heat (OH) treatment (90°C for 1 min) and the effectiveness of treatment was compared with conventional hot break (CT) treatment (90°C for 5 min). PG (Polygalacturonase) and PME (Pectin methyl esterase) enzyme inactivation achieved by the OH (1 min.) was similar as compared to CT of 5 min. During the kinetic analysis it was observed that the inactivation of PME & PG enzyme and degradation of ascorbic acid followed first order trend in ohmic as well as conventional treatment of tomato juice, however total color change (DE) was found to follow least-squares non-linear parameter algorithm behavior. Thermal treatments leads to the increased release of phyto-chemicals from the matrix which results in a significant (p

Published
2016
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45. Fine mapping and replication of genetic risk loci in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, George F Mells, Heather J Cordell, Agnes Muriithi, Matthew Brown, Eva Ellinghaus, Andre Franke, UK-PSC Consortium, Tom H Karlsen, Richard N Sandford, Graeme J Alexander, Roger W Chapman, Simon M Rushbrook, and Espen Melum

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gastroenterology, Autoimmune Diseases, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Gene mapping, Polymorphism (computer science), Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Genetic variability, Allele, Alleles, Genetic association, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukins, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, medicine.disease, Genetic Loci, Immunology, Interleukin-2, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts eventually leading to biliary cirrhosis. Recent genetic studies in PSC have identified associations at 2q13, 2q35, 3p21, 4q27, 13q31 and suggestive association at 10p15. The aim of this study was to further characterize and refine the genetic architecture of PSC. METHODS: We analyzed previously reported associated SNPs at four of these non-HLA loci and 59 SNPs tagging the IL-2/IL-21 (4q27) and IL2RA (10p15) loci in 992 UK PSC cases and 5162 healthy UK controls. RESULTS: The most associated SNPs identified were rs3197999 (3p21 (MST1), p = 1.9 × 10⁻⁶, OR(A vs G) = 1.28, 95% CI (1.16-1.42)); rs4147359 (10p15 (IL2RA), p = 2.6 × 10⁻⁴, OR(A vs G) = 1.20, 95% CI (1.09-1.33)) and rs12511287 (4q27 (IL-2/IL-21), p = 3.0 × 10⁻⁴, OR(A vs T) = 1.21, 95% CI (1.09-1.35)). In addition, we performed a meta-analysis for selected SNPs using published summary statistics from recent studies. We observed genome-wide significance for rs3197999 (3p21 (MST1), P (combined) = 3.8 × 10⁻¹²) and rs4147359 (10p15 (IL2RA), P (combined) = 1.5 × 10⁻⁸). CONCLUSION: We have for the first time confirmed the association of PSC with genetic variants at 10p15 (IL2RA) locus at genome-wide significance and replicated the associations at MST1 and IL-2/IL-21 loci in a large homogeneous UK population. These results strongly implicate the role of IL-2/IL2RA pathway in PSC and provide further confirmation of MST1 association.

Published
2012

46. Renal failure in chronic liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome

Author

Brijesh Srivastava and Graeme J.M. Alexander

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Hepatorenal Syndrome, Lypressin, Context (language use), Chronic liver disease, Kidney, Gastroenterology, Severity of Illness Index, Pathogenesis, Hepatorenal syndrome, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Renal Insufficiency, Serum Albumin, Monitoring, Physiologic, business.industry, Patient Selection, Hemodynamics, Bilirubin, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Liver Transplantation, Liver, Regional Blood Flow, Evidence-Based Practice, Chronic Disease, Fluid Therapy, business, Complication, Terlipressin
Abstract

Hepatorenal syndrome is a distinctive complication of cirrhosis. Advances in understanding its pathogenesis have lead to new treatments with improved outcomes. This article focuses on evidence-based management of renal failure in cirrhosis including hepatorenal syndrome, in the context of pathophysiological changes that occur.

Published
2011

47. Effects of Blanching Methods on Drying Kinetics of Oyster Mushroom

Author

Brijesh Srivastava, K. Padmeshore Singh, and Wungshim Zimik

Subjects
Mushroom, Oyster, biology, Blanching, Chemistry, biology.animal, Kinetics, Food science, Engineering (miscellaneous), Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Oyster mushroom was treated with hot water and steam blanching prior to drying in cabinet dryer. A hot air cabinet dryer was used for drying mushroom at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C temperatures. Solid loss was observed to be 25.46% and 3.32% (wb) during hot water and steam blanching, respectively. Highest drying rate was observed for hot water blanched mushroom followed by unblanched and steam blanched mushroom. This leads to more drying time for the steam blanched mushroom followed by the unblanched and hot water blanched mushroom for the same level of drying. The drying data was modeled for exponential and Page's drying model. Page's model was found to be better than the exponential model for the prediction of drying rate. The value of the model parameters of the exponential model was found to be higher than that of Page's model. The effective moisture diffusivity (De) was determined at different temperatures and found to be maximum for the hot water blanched mushroom and minimum for the steam blanched mushroom. The effective moisture diffusivity (De) increased with increase in temperature. The activation energy of hot water blanched, unblanched and steam blanched mushroom was estimated to be 25.324, 17.113 and 21.165 kJ/mol, respectively.

Published
2009
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49. 956 RISK FACTOR PREDICTIVE OF TRANSPLANT FREE SURVIVAL IN A LARGE COHORT OF PSC PATIENTS IN THE UK

Author

Richard Sandford, Roger W. Chapman, Matthew A. Brown, Graeme J.M. Alexander, Simon M. Rushbrook, Agnes Muriithi, Brijesh Srivastava, Muhammad F. Dawwas, and Kelly Spiess

Subjects
Chemokine, Hepatology, biology, business.industry, Testosterone (patch), Inflammation, Endogeny, Disease, Transplant free survival, Immunology, Cohort, biology.protein, Medicine, medicine.symptom, Risk factor, business
Abstract

Conclusion: We here demonstrate that the protection from autoimmune cholangitis which was observed in male mice was mediated by testosterone. Indeed, testosterone supplementation induced resistance to disease in otherwise susceptible female mice. The increased inflammation observed in female mice was associated with increased IL-17 expression by endogenous CD4 positive T cells which seems to be recruited to the liver via an increased expression of chemokines that recruit T cells to the liver. These results may stimulate future investigations into gender differences observed in autoimmune liver diseases.

Published
2013
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50. PTU-070 Fine mapping of the IL-2/IL-21 and IL2RA loci in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Abstract PTU-070 Table 1

Author

Anne Muriithi, Tom H. Karlsen, Eva Ellinghaus, Richard Sandford, Roger W. Chapman, Heather J. Cordell, Simon M. Rushbrook, Andre Franke, Espen Melum, M Brown, George F. Mells, Graeme J.M. Alexander, and Brijesh Srivastava

Subjects
Genetics, Haploview, Multiple comparisons problem, Genotype, Gastroenterology, medicine, SNP, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Locus (genetics), Tag SNP, Biology, medicine.disease, Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Abstract

Introduction Recent genetic studies in Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic bile duct disease, have shown suggestive association at IL-2/21 (4q27) and IL2RA (10p15). IL-2 and IL2RA are key regulators of immune tolerance. To further refine association at 4q27 and 10p15, a fine mapping study was undertaken in 1030 British PSC cases and 5162 healthy controls. Methods For SNP selection, 80 Kbp and 564 Kbp regions were selected on 10p15 and 4q27, respectively, and SNP data from HapMap Data Rel 24/phase II was used to identify tag SNPs with Haploview v4.2. 62 tag SNPs were genotyped on a Sequenom platform. Control genotype data were available for 62 SNPs, previously genotyped in the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC 2). 59 SNPs (28 at 4q27 and 31 at 10p15) passed quality control and were analysed using logistic regression in PLINK v1.07. For selected SNPs, previously published summary statistics 1 were used to perform a meta-analysis. Results Significant association (p −4 ) corrected for multiple testing (Bonferroni method) was observed for one SNP at 4q27 and three SNPs at 10p15 (Abstract PTU-070 table 1). In addition, nominal significance (p −8 ) was observed for rs4147359 (10p15) in the combined analysis. Conclusion This study confirms the IL2RA and IL-2/IL-21 locus association in PSC suggesting a role of adaptive immune responses. Genetic variants at these loci are associated with autoimmune diseases. Association of PSC with variants at these loci could imply not only a shared genetic risk with other diseases but also identify the immunological pathways favouring disease development. Functional studies are now required to identify the causative gene or genes to facilitate rapid translation to the discovery of novel therapeutics. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Melum E , et al. Nat Genet 2011; 43 :17–19.

Published
2012
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