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Michalickova, D, Minic, R, Kotur-Stevuljevic, J, Andjelkovic, M, Dikic, N, Kostic-Vucicevic, M, Slanar, O, and Djordjevic, B. Changes in parameters of oxidative stress, immunity, and behavior in endurance athletes during a preparation period in winter.J Strength Cond Res34(10): 2965-2973, 2020-The current study monitored markers of immunological and oxidative status in 9 male elite endurance athletes: V?o(2)max: 68 +/- 11 ml center dot kg(-1)center dot min(-1), age: 24 +/- 2.5 years, and training loads: 128 +/- 21 metabolic equivalents-h center dot wk(-1)during a 3-month preparation period in winter (January-March). Self-rated state of moods evaluation (by Profile of Mood States questionnaire) was performed, and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Spectrophotometric methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for parameters' determination. The level of concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was increased (562 [147-852] vs. 1,097 [451-1842] pg center dot ml(-1),p= 0.013). Also, the level of transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-beta 1) in serum was elevated (2.5 [1.4-5.1] vs. 7.2 [4.9-8.2] ng center dot ml(-1),p= 0.015). There was no change in the level of peptidoglycan (PGN)-stimulated interleukin (IL)-10 from PBMCs. There were no significant changes in PBMCs proliferation/viability on stimulation with ConA and PGN during the study. No changes in superoxide dismutase, prooxidative-antioxidative balance, total oxidant status (TOS), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were observed along the study. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was increased (910 +/- 174 vs. 1,090 +/- 102 mu mol center dot L-1,p= 0.018), and activity of paraoxonase (PON1) was decreased (523 +/- 295 vs. 335 +/- 183 U center dot L-1,p= 0.003) at the end of the study. Advanced oxidation protein products were increased (25 +/- 7.9 vs. 42 +/- 7.6 mu mol center dot L-1,p= 0.011). The self-rated sense of vigor significantly declined (20 +/- 2.1 vs. 14 +/- 3.4,p= 0.045). In conclusion, 3 months of regular training in winter induced prominent changes in cytokines, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and antioxidative enzyme activity. These changes might increase susceptibility of athletes to disease and muscle damage and consequently lead to performance reduction.

This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of three magnesium (Mg) dietary supplements containing mineral immediately available for absorption on Mg biochemical status indices (ionized and total Mg), as well as their effects on electrolytes levels in healthy female young adults (n = 61). After a 10-days intervention period supplementation with powder/granulate containing Mg oxide led to an increase in both ionized Mg concentration and % in total Mg in comparison with the baseline. Supplementation with Mg citrate was associated with the significant increase in % of ionized fraction and decrease in serum total Mg concentration. By contrast, among participants consuming Mg carbonate in the form of effervescent tablets ionized Mg concentration and % in total Mg decreased, without detectable changes in serum total Mg. In conclusion, after the short-term supplementation period, Mg oxide demonstrated superior bioavailability compared to the other examined Mg supplements without affecting other minerals' levels.

Dietary supplementation with sugar cane derivates may modulate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary supplement (DS), containing Octacosanol (20 mg) and vitamin K2 (45 µg), could restore the disrupted physiologic relation between LDL-C and serum PCSK9. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center study including 87 patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy was conducted. Eighty-seven patients were randomized to receive DS (n = 42) or placebo (n = 45), and followed for 13 weeks. Serum PCSK9 levels, lipid parameters and their relationship were the main efficacy endpoints. The absolute levels of PCSK9 and LDL-C were not significantly different from baseline to 13 weeks. However, physiologic correlation between % change of PCSK9 and % change of LDL-C levels was normalized only in the group of patients treated with DS (r = 0.409, p = 0.012). This study shows that DS can restore statin disrupted physiologic positive correlation between PCSK9 and LDL-C. Elevated PCSK9 level is an independent risk factor so controlling its rise by statins may be important in prevention of cardiovascular events.

The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)—rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25–35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (−21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted, in order to evaluate if Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti® L10 (Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, Canada) supplementation during three months could influence oxidative markers in the population of elite athletes: triathletes, cyclists and endurance athletes. Twenty-two elite athletes were randomized to either placebo (n = 12) or probiotic (n = 10) groups. The probiotic group received 2x1010 colony forming units of Lafti® L10. Before and after the supplementation serum samples were collected. Markers of oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defense: superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase (PON), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, oxidative stress index, bilirubin, uric acid and albumin were determined in serum. Parameters of lipid status, as well as susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation of LDL particles in vitro were also determined. There was a significant interaction effect for MDA (p = 0.039), with a decrease in MDA in the probiotic group only (p = 0.049). There was a significant interaction effect for AOPP (p = 0.037), with a significant decrease in the probiotic group (p = 0.045). Interaction effect for SOD was approaching to formal significance (p = 0.108) and the post-hoc test showed a significant decrease in the probiotic group (p = 0.041) only. A significant correlation between AOPP and SOD (p = 0.012, r = -0.40) was found in the probiotic group at the end of the study. PON1 activity was decreased in both the probiotic (p = 0.032) and placebo group (p = 0.035). No significant changes in the remainder of the evaluated parameters were noted. In conclusion, probiotic strain Lafti® L10 exerts certain antioxidant potential, but further research is needed.

The surface of microorganisms is covered with polysaccharide structures which are in immediate contact with receptor structures on host's cells and antibodies. The interaction between microorganisms and their host is dependent on surface glycosylation and in this study we have tested the interaction of plant lectins with different microorganisms. Enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay - ELLSA was used to test the binding of recombinant Musa acuminata lectin - BL to 27 selected microorganisms and 7 other lectins were used for comparison: Soy bean agglutinin - SBA, Lens culinaris lectin - LCA, Wheat germ agglutinin - WGA, RCA(120) - Ricinus communis agglutinin, Con A - from Canavalia ensiformis, Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA I and Maackia amurensis agglutinin - MAA. The goal was to define the microorganisms' surface glycosylation by means of interaction with the selected plant lectins and to make a comparison with BL. Among the tested lectins most selective binding was observed for RCA(120) which preferentially bound Lactobacillus casei DG. Recombinant banana lectin showed specific binding to all of the tested fungal species. The binding of BL to Candida albicans was further tested with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and it was concluded that this lectin can differentiate ss-glucan rich surfaces. The binding of BL to S. boulardii could be inhibited with ss-glucan from yeast with IC50 1.81 mu g mL(-1) and to P. roqueforti with 1.10 mu g mL(-1). This unique specificity of BL could be exploited for screening purposes and potentially for the detection of ss-glucan in solutions.

This study investigated the behavior of urban-living students related to the salty snacks consumption, and their contribution to salt daily intake. A cross-sectional survey on 1313 urban-living students (16&ndash, 25 years, 61.4% university students and 38.6% high school students) used a pre-verified questionnaire created specifically for the study. The logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors influencing snack consumption. The results of salt content and the snack consumption frequency were used to evaluate snack contribution to salt intake. All subjects consumed salty snacks, on average several times per week, more often at home and slightly more during periods of intensive studying, with 42% of the participants reporting to consume two or more packages per snacking occasion. Most of the participants consumed such products between main meals, but 10% of them took snacks immediately after the main meal. More high-school students than university students were in the &ldquo, high snack group&rdquo, (p &lt, 0.05). The most frequently consumed salty snacks were those with the highest content of salt. Salt intake from snack products for a majority of participants ranged between 0.4 and 1 g/day. The research revealed younger age, home environment and significant contribution to salt intake as critical points in salty snack consumption among urban-living students important for the better understanding of their dietary habits.

Introduction and objective. Analysis of using dietary supplements (DS) is an important today as it may indicate the need and the ways of rationalising the use of such products. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of use of the DS by the recreationists, as well as the role of health professionals in the process. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological investigation included a total of 100 recreationists who voluntarily completed the anonymous survey. The research was conducted in five fitness centres in Podgorica. In order to collect data, we used the original questionnaire. Results. The study involved 100 subjects with an average age of 28 years. Survey results have shown that there are a major percentage (43%) of those respondents who use DS continuously, 38% use it occasionally, and 19% never use the DS. Among all respondents, 29% of respondents said that they currently use 2-3, and even 8% said that they used more than 5 different products at the same time. The three most commonly used supplements are vitamins 18.7%, protein supplements 17.26% and amino acids 11.87%. Most of the respondents stated that they buy DS at the pharmacy 25%, in the fitness centre / gym 21.51% or at local resellers 18.02%. The polling data have shown that respondents generally receive recommendations on the use of the DS from fitness instructors / trainers or friends, and at least from physicians, pharmacists and nutritionists. Conclusion. The study shows that a large number of recreationists use the DS irrationally, without clear indications and recommendations by health professionals. It is necessary to make additional educational efforts not only regarding health care professionals but also regarding those who work in fitness centres to better inform users about the use of the DS. Uvod i cilj. Analiza upotrebe dijetetskih suplemenata (DS) je danas veoma važna s obzirom na rasprostranjenost njihove upotrebe, a može ukazati na potrebu i puteve racionalizacije upotrebe takvih proizvoda. Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrdi učestalost upotrebe DS među rekreativnim sportistima u Podgorici, kao i da se sagleda uloga zdravstvenih radnika u tom procesu. Metodologija. Deskriptivnim epidemiološkim ispitivanjem obuhvaćeno je ukupno 100 rekreativnih sportista koji su dobrovoljno pristupili popunjavanju anonimne ankete. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u pet fitnes centara u Podgorici, a u cilju prikupljanja podataka korišćen je originalni upitnik. Rezultati. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 100 ispitanika prosječne starosti 28 godina. Rezultati anketiranja pokazali su da je veći procenat onih ispitanika koji koriste DS u kontinuitetu 43%, povremeno ih upotrebljava 38%, a 19% ih uopšte ne koristi. Od ukupnog broja anketiranih 29% ispitanika se izjasnilo da trenutno koristi 2- 3, a čak 8% se izjasnilo da koristi više od 5 različitih proizvoda istovremeno. Tri najčešće korišćene vrste suplemenata su vitaminski 18,7%, proteinski suplementi 17,26% i aminokiseline 11,87%. Najveći broj ispitanika se izjasnio da DS kupuje u apoteci 25%, u fitnes centru / teretani 21,51% ili kod lokalnih distributera 18,02%. Anketiranjem su dobijeni podaci da ispitanici uglavnom dobijaju preporuke o upotrebi DS od strane fitnes instruktora / trenera ili prijatelja, a najmanje od strane ljekara, farmaceuta i nutricionista. Zaključak. Studija pokazuje da veliki broj rekreativnih sportista koristi DS neracionalno, bez jasnih indikacija i preporuka od strane zdravstvenih radnika. Stoga je neophodno uložiti dodatne edukativne napore ne samo prema zdravstvenim radnicima, već i prema svima onima koji rade u fitnes centrima radi boljeg informisanja korisnika o upotrebi DS.

Western life style, and high calorie diet in particular is causing major health problems such as insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and heart disease in the modern age. High fat diet (HFD) induces similar changes in mice, such as increased body weight, hypercholesterolemia and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. These changes can be ameliorated by the administration of some Lactobacillus species. The focus of this study was to analyze the fatty acid content of liver, heart and brain tissues of mice fed HFD and administered with either Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68, and to analyze the fatty acid content of these organs after a two months washout period. The fatty acid composition of mouse liver tissue changed significantly due to probiotic administration during a 12 weeks HFD regime and active Lactobacillus administration had a slightly reversing effect toward the standard mouse diet group, but after the washout period these changes disappeared. The fatty acid composition of the heart and brain tissues was significantly changed in the HFD regime but probiotic administration had no significant influence on the fatty acid profile of these two organs. Upon the 8 weeks washout period the only remaining beneficial effect was the significantly lower mouse weight in the supplemented groups compared to the HFD group.

Optimally balanced diet in order to body weight control in combination with adequate physical activity has an important role in the prevention of degenerative joint disorders. Weight reduction is important in ameliorating some of the manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) and improving the quality of life. There is growing interest in the beneficial effects of some nutrients, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D, as well as many non-nutrient biological active compounds on progression structural damages, pain and functions of the joints. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, S-adenosylmethionine, methylsulfonylmethane, alone or in combination, are among the most widely used dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of OA. However, there are limited high-quality designed clinical trials which supported its potential symptomatic and structure-modifying effects. Optimalna ishrana u cilju održavanja idealne telesne mase uz odgovarajuću fizičku aktivnost ima značajnu ulogu u prevenciji degenerativnih oboljenja zglobova. Klinička ispitivanja su pokazala da gubitak povećane telesne mase smanjuje simptome i poboljšava kvalitet života pacijenata sa osteoartritisom (OA). Takođe, sve je veće interesovanje o uticaju pojedinih nutrijenata, posebno polinezasićenih masnih kiselina i vitamina D, kao i brojnih nenutritivnih biološki aktivnih sastojaka, na strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja zglobova, kao i kontrolu bola kod OA. Najčešći sastojci dijetetskih suplemenata sa potencijalnim hondroprotektivnim delovanjem su: glukozamin, hondroitin-sulfat, S-adenozilmetionin, metilsulfonilmetan i dr, pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji. Međutim, ograničeni broj adekvatno dizajniranih randomizovanih kontrolisanih ispitivanja potvrdio je njihove simptomatske i strukturno modifikujuće efekte.

Acrylamide is toxic and probably carcinogenic compound, made as a result of high-temperature thermal treatment of carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs. In this article a method is improved for the extraction and quantitation of acrylamide in foods produced based on corn flour that are represented in our traditional diet. Acrylamide extraction was carried out using reduced volume of saturated solution of bromine water and the GC - MS method for the quantification was shown. Quantification of acrylamide was preceded by: sample homogenization, acrylamide extraction using water, extract purification using solid phase extraction, bromination, using a reduced volume of bromine water solution, dehydrobromination with sodium thiosulfate and transformation of dibromopropenamide in 2,3- 2- bromopropenamide using triethylamine. Regression and correlation analysis were applied for the probability level of 0.05. Calibration is performed in the concentration range 5-80 ug/kg with a detection limit 6.86 mg / kg and the limits of quantification 10.78 ug/kg and the coefficient of determination R2 > 0.999. Calibration curve was obtained: y = 0,069x + 0,038. Recovery values were an average from 97 to 110%. Proposed GC-MS method is simple, precise and reliable for the determination of acrylamide in the samples of thermal treated foods. Our results show that the tested foods quantify the presence of acrylamide in concentrations of 18 to 77 mg/kg acrylamide depending on whether the food was prepared by cooking or baking.

In this paper, the influence of thermal treatment (cooking, baking and frying) on the content of acrylamide in potato was followed by gas chromatography with nitrogen - phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Sample preparation was performed in the conventional manner, applying heat treatment as follows: in boiling water at 110 0C for 30 minutes, by baking in an oven for 30 minutes at 2200 C, and frying in oil for 15 minutes at 250 0C. Quantification of acrylamide are preceded: homogenization of the sample, extraction, and evaporation of the extract. The calibration is performed in the concentration range 0-10 mg/kg and obtained value for R2 was higher than 0,99. Llimit of detection and limit of quantification were determined and obtained values were 0,26 mg/kg and 0,41 mg/kg, respectively. Recovery values were ranged from 102% to 110% and confirmed that metod is accurate. The proposed GC-NPD method is simple, reliable, and accurate for determination of the content of acrylamide in food samples. Obtained results show that the content of acrylamide in potato prepared by heat-cooking were below LOD while for samples trathed by baking or frying were in range from 0,6 mg/kg to 2,7 mg/kg. By comparing the content of acrylamide in potato we concluded that heat treatment has a major impact on the synthesis of acrylamide and it would be desirable to develop a process for the preparation of French fries and potato chips with low or no acrylamide content with textured attractive for consummation.

The typical Serbian diet is characterised by high intake of cereal products and also legumes are often used. The content of total fibre as well as certain fibre fractions was determined in cereals, cereal products, and cooked legumes. The content of total fibre in cooked cereals and cereal products ranged from 2.5 to 20.8 g/100 g, and in cooked legumes from 14.0 to 24.5 g/100 g (on dry matter basis). Distribution of analysed fibre fractions and their quantities differed significantly depending on food groups. Fructans and arabinoxylans were the most significant fibre fractions in rye flakes, and beta-glucan in oat flakes, cellulose and resistant starch were present in significant amounts in peas and kidney beans. When the size of regular food portions was taken into consideration, the best sources of total dietary fibre were peas and kidney beans (more than 11 g/serving). The same foods were the best sources of cellulose (4.98 and 3.56 g/serving) and resistant starch (3.90 and 2.83 g/serving). High intake of arabinoxylans and fructans could be accomplished with cooked wheat (3.20 g and 1.60 g/serving, respectively). Oat (1.39 g/serving) and barley flakes (1.30 g/serving) can be recommended as the best sources of beta-glucan.

To test the influence of probiotic supplementation on humoral immune response, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Thirty athletes (24 males and 6 females, females: (V)over dotO(2)max 38.2 +/- 4.9 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), age 23.2 +/- 1.4 years; males: (V)over dotO(2)max 57.5 +/- 9.2 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), age 24.0 +/- 2.4 years, mean +/- SD) were randomized either to the probiotic group (Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10, 2 x 10(10) colony-forming units) or to the placebo group. Serum and saliva samples were collected at the baseline and after 14 weeks. Total and specific antibacterial antibody levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes were determined for different bacteria in the serum, and in saliva, total and specific antibacterial IgA levels were examined. Total IgM was elevated in both probiotic (18%, 15-20%; mean, 90% confidence interval; p = 0.02) and placebo group (35%, 22-47%; p = 0.02), without observed differences in changes between the groups. No significant changes in IgM levels specific for tested bacteria were found. Total IgG level was constant in both groups. A significant (16%, 22.8 to 35%, p = 0.04) reduction of anti-Enterococcus faecalis IgG was noted in the placebo group, in comparison with the probiotic group. There was a substantial decrease in total IgA level in the placebo group, when measured either in serum (15%, 12-18%, p = 0.04) or in saliva (35%, -1.4 to 53%, p = 0.03). Significantly reduced levels of serum anti-lactic acid bacteria IgA antibodies in the placebo group compared with the probiotic group were detected for Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 (24%, 5.8-42%, p = 0.02) and for L. rhamnosus LB64 (15%, 2.7-27%, p = 0.02). Probiotic administration could have beneficial effects on systemic humoral and mucosal immune responses. This is peer-reviewed version of the following article: Michalickova, D. M.; Kostic-Vucicevic, M. M.; Vukasinovic-Vesic, M. Dj.; Stojmenovic, T. B.; Dikic, N. V.; Andjelkovic, M. S.; Djordjevic, B. I.; Tanaskovic, B. P.; Minic, R. D. Lactobacillus Helveticus Lafti L10 Supplementation Modulates Mucosal and Humoral Immunity in Elite Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2017, 31 (1), 62–70. [https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001456]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of physical training on the gene expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) in young soccer players at the beginning of their professional careers. The non-trained young men underwent a professional soccer training program of 12 weeks. Blood was obtained at two time points: before and after the 12-week endurance soccer training. Plasmatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentration of sulfhydryl (SH) groups, superoxide anion (O-2(.-)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were determined. Messenger RNA (mRNA) relative levels of SOD isoenzymes were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Real-time PCR. After 12-week training, the soccer group experienced a significant decrease in plasmatic SOD activity and increase of O-2(.-) concentration. Concentration of SH groups, MDA and AOPP were not affected by physical training, although they showed a trend to increase. Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression levels were stable during the endurance training period but Mn SOD mRNA levels were significantly higher after the training period The variation in Mn SOD mRNA levels was dependent on MDA concentration. Negative prediction of AIDA concentration on Mn SOD mRNA expression levels remained significant after inclusion of all the other oxidative stress status parameters in a multiple regression model (p = 0.017). Positive prediction of Cu/Zn SOD mRNA levels on plasmatic SOD activity remained significant after inclusion of MDA, log O-2(.-) and AOPP concentrations in a multiple regression model (p = 0.025). Intensive endurance soccer training stimulated a beneficial increase in lymphocyte Mn SOD rather than in Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression levels. An interaction between the oxidative stress/antioxidative defence status parameters in blood and gene expression levels of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD in PBMCs was also observed.

Background/Aim. Overweight and obesity may lead to a large number of health problems. Prevention and adequately timed treatment can lead to successful body mass regulation. The aim of the study was to analyze body mass index (BMI) of the examinees, usage of dietary supplement for weight loss (DSWL) by gender and particular products, types of information source and types of information about DSWL which provide doctors and pharmacists. Methods. The survey was conducted in the region of the town of Niš. The survey was carried out among a random sample of 505 participants, 243 men and 262 women, older than 15 years. The tool used was a questionnaire. Results. There is a positive association between aging and BMI. DSWL are used by 20.39% of the examinees. The most of the examinees that use DSWL were overweight and used it for esthetic reasons. Before the use of DSWL, women usually practice diets and men practice fluid consumption. Television is the most important source of information about DSWL. Health care professionals mostly provide information about DSWL consumption (64.08%), and only a third of them provide all the information (usage, eating regime, fluid consumption, and physical activity). Conclusion. The prevalence of obesity emphasizes the need for concentrated efforts to prevent obesity in the early age. The only way to reduce the risk of DSWLs misuse is providing all of the necessary information by the health care professionals. As pharmacists are in the direct contact with patients they have the most important role in rational and effective use of DSWL. Uvod/Cilj. Gojaznost i prekomerna telesna masa mogu izazvati mnoge bolesti. Uvođenje blagovremenih mera prevencije, može dati značajne rezultate u regulaciji telesne mase. Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrde vrednosti indeksa telesne mase (ITM) ispitanika, upotreba dijetetskih suplemenata za smanjenje telesne mase (DSTM) prema vrsti preparata i polu ispitanika, stavovi i izvori informisanja ispitanika o DSTM, i informacije o DSTM koje pružaju lekari i farmaceuti. Metode. Istraživanjem sprovedenim na teritoriji Nišavskog okruga obuhvaćeni su ispitanici stariji od 15 godina odabrani po metodi slučajnog izbora. Kao instrument istraživanja korišćen je upitnik. Rezultati. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 505 osoba (243 muškog i 262 ženskog pola) starije od 15 godina. Trend porasta vrednosti ITM usled starenja bio je prisutan kod obe posmatrane grupe. Ukupno 20,39% ispitanika koristilo je DSTM. Najveći broj ispitanika koji su koristili DSTM nalazio se u kategoriji predgojaznog stanja i koristili su ove preparate iz estetskih razloga. Žene su, uglavnom, pribegavale dijeti, a muškarci povećanom unosu tečnosti pre nego što su započinjali upotrebu DSTM. Ispitanici oba pola najčešće su koristili televiziju kao izvor informisanja o DSTM. Najveći broj ispitanika (64,08%) dobio je osnovne informacije o upotrebi preparata od zdravstvenih radnika, dok je samo trećina ispitanika (31,07%) dobila detaljne informacije o upotrebi, režimu ishrane, unosu tečnosti i fizičkoj aktivnosti. Zaključak. Sa merama prevencije gojaznosti potrebno je početi još u periodu rane mladosti. U cilju smanjenja rizika od pogrešne upotrebe DSTM zdravstveni radnici trebalo bi da pružaju potpune informacije o njima. S obzirom na to da se preparati DSTM prodaju u apotekama, farmaceuti imaju presudnu ulogu u kontroli upotrebe ovih preparata i racionalnoj i efektivnoj prevenciji gojaznosti.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate if Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 (Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, Que., Canada) supplementation during 14 weeks in winter can influence the duration, severity, and incidence of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI), as well as to monitor different immune parameters in the population of elite athletes. Before and after the treatment, cardiopulmonary testing and self-rated state of moods evaluation (by Profile of Mood States questionnaire) were performed and blood samples were collected. Thirty-nine elite athletes were randomized either to the placebo (n = 19) or the probiotic (n = 20) group. The probiotic group received L. helveticus Lafti L10, 2 x 10(10) Colony Forming Units. Lafti L10 significantly shortened the URTI episode duration (7.25 +/- 2.90 vs. 10.64 +/- 4.67 days, p = 0.047) and decreased the number of symptoms in the probiotic group (4.92 +/- 1.96 vs. 6.91 +/- 1.22, p = 0.035). Severity and incidence of URTI did not differ between the treatments. There were no significant changes in leukocyte subpopulation abundance, transforming growth factor-beta serum levels, level of interleukin-10 secreted from peptidoglican stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), interferon-gamma level secreted from concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs or viability/proliferation of PBMCs upon antigen stimulation. Group effect for CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significant (F-[1,F-37] = 6.99, p = 0.020, eta(2) = 0.350); this difference was not significant at baseline, but was evident after 14 weeks (p = 0.02). A significant interaction effect was noted for self-rated sense of vigor (F-[1,F-37] = 11.76, p = 0.009, eta(2) = 0.595). Self-rated sense of vigor increased in the probiotic group (18.5 +/- 4.1 vs. 21.0 +/- 2.6, p = 0.012). Probiotic strain Lafti L10 can be a beneficial nutritional supplement for the reduction of URTI length in elite athletes. This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Michalickova, D.; Minić, R.; Dikić, N.; Anđelković, M.; Kostić-Vučićević, M.; Stojmenović, T.; Nikolić, I.; Đorđević, B. Lactobacillus Helveticus Lafti L10 Supplementation Reduces Respiratory Infection Duration in a Cohort of Elite Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism 2016, 41 (7), 782–789. [https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0541].

The composition and content of individual phenolic compounds in various fruit wines and overall antioxidant properties of these fruit wines were studied. Phenolic compounds were separated by reverse phase (RP) HPLC techniques, and their content was determined by means of mass spectrometer (MS) with triple quadrupole (TQ) analyser, which recorded specific precursor-product transitions. Antioxidant activity was monitored by the following spectrophotometric methods: DPPH, FRAP and Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Four types of berries (raspberry, blackberry, chokeberry and blueberry), one type of pome (apple) and one type of stone fruit (cherries) were used for the production of fruit wines. Corresponding fruit wines were produced by microvinification with or without adding sugar into the must before fermentation. Increase in alcohol level was responsible for the increased content of phenolic compounds in fruit wine due to improved extraction conditions. Produced fruit wines were preserved by adding SO2 which interferes with the determination of antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. In this case, the development of a correlation method based on FRAP assay was introduced. Fruit wines are a rich source of substances which show beneficial effects on human health. Depending on the fruit type, different antioxidant compounds were predominant in wine samples. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 46001]

The physiologic stress induced by physical activity is reflected in immune system perturbations, oxidative stress, muscle injury, and inflammation. We investigated the effect of astaxanthin (Asx) supplementation on salivary IgA (sIgA) and oxidative stress status in plasma, along with changes in biochemical parameters and total/differential white cell counts. Forty trained male soccer players were randomly assigned to Asx and placebo groups. Asx group was supplemented with 4 mg of Asx. Saliva and blood samples were collected at the baseline and after 90 days of supplementation in preexercise conditions. We observed a rise of sIgA levels at rest after 90 days of Asx supplementation, which was accompanied with a decrease in prooxidant-antioxidant balance. The plasma muscle enzymes levels were reduced significantly by Asx supplementation and by regular training. The increase in neutrophil count and hs-CRP level was found only in placebo group, indicating a significant blunting of the systemic inflammatory response in the subjects taking Asx. This study indicates that Asx supplementation improves sIgA response and attenuates muscle damage, thus preventing inflammation induced by rigorous physical training. Our findings also point that Asx could show significant physiologic modulation in individuals with mucosal immunity impairment or under conditions of increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

Fruits and vegetables are known as good sources of numerous bioactive compounds among which polyphenols and dietary fibre are considered essential because of their protective health effects. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of selected plant foods of our region regarding amount of total phenols, fibres and ratio of certain fractions of fibre. Fifteen samples of plant foods (green leafy vegetables, fruits and nuts) were evaluated for total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total, soluble and insoluble fibre and fractions of fibre: beta-glucans, arabinoxylan, cellulose and resistant starch. Generally nuts were the richest sources of fibre and total phenols. However, when serving size was taken into consideration, it appeared that raspberry and blackberry were the richest in total, soluble fibre and cellulose. At the same time, almonds and hazelnuts were particulary rich in insoluble fibre, while walnuts had the highest polyphenol content. Analyzed plant foods were poor sources of arabinoxylan and beta-glucan. Data on resistant starch presence in cashew nut is the first confirmation that resistant starch can be found in significant amount in some nuts. The results give rare insight into the quality of selected plant foods regarding dietary fibre and polyphenols from the nutritive point of view. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46001]

In this study, two Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus LA68 and L. plantarum WCFS1) were evaluated for their effects on high fat diet induced pathology in mice. The aim was to determine whether the administration of lactic acid bacteria had beneficial effects on ameliorating pathology. C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet were orally administered with the Lactobacillus strains. Both the metabolic and immunological parameters were analyzed. The administration of both of the strains had beneficial effects on mouse weight, serum cholesterol, TNF-alpha levels and liver histology. LA68 lowered the total cholesterol and HDL levels more prominently, whereas WCFS1 was more potent in lowering the TG and LDL levels. Leptin and adiponectin levels were increased in all experimental groups to different extents. The administration of L. plantarum WCFS1 led to a marked increase in leptin levels, as well as an increase in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells, and a decrease of CD25+ cells, and had a lowering effect on IL-6 production and cell metabolic activity. In conclusion, active administration of both Lactobacillus strains had a positive effect on HFD-induced pathology. Although both of the tested strains had beneficial effects, oral administration of WCFS1 increased leptin levels and had a more prominent immunomodulatory effect, which should be taken into consideration in case of humane usage.

Recent reports suggest that the metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota may influence the fatty acid composition of the host tissue. There are many studies dealing with the influence of lactobacilli on various pathological conditions, and some of the effects are strain-specific. This study was designed to test the effects of a particular Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on fatty acid composition of the liver and the brain of C57BL/6 mice in the absence of an underlying pathological condition. Female mice were supplemented with live L. rhamnosus LA68 bacteria for the duration of 1 month. Serum biochemistry was analyzed and liver and brain fatty acid composition was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. Significant changes in liver and brain fatty acid composition were detected. In the liver tissue we detected an increase in palmitoleic acid (p = 0.038), while in the brain compartment we found an increase in palmitic (p = 0.042), stearic (p = 0.017), arachidonic acid (p = 0.009) and docosahexaenoic acid (p = 0.004) for control versus experimental group. These results show discrete changes caused by LA68 strain consumption. Even short duration of administration of LA68 influences the fatty acid composition of the host which adds to the existing knowledge about Lactobacillus host interaction, and adds to the growing knowledge of metabolic intervention possibilities.

Starting from the evidence-based health benefits that resistant starch (RS) shows when added to the diet, our aim in this study was to evaluate the effects of increased fibre intake with two different levels of RS coming from regular daily consumed foods on normalization of glycaemia within lifestyle intervention in the population with risk factors for developing diabetes. Study included 47 overweight and obese men and women with disordered glucoregulation and dyslipidaemia, aged between 45-74, divided into RS and Fibre group. Participants were subjected to the lifestyle and dietary intervention with low-fat and high-fibre (> 25 g/day) diet for 12 months and were offered two different dietary advices aimed at increasing total fibre intake in Fibre group and at increasing RS intake in RS group. The intake of macronutrients and total fibre was similar between groups at the end of the study, but achieved RS intake was two times higher in the RS group. Decrease in total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol was more pronounced in RS group in comparison with Fibre group (p = 0.010, p = 0.031, respectively), whereas in Fibre group, a more pronounced effect on glucoregulation was observed: significant fall in glycaemia after 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (7.93 vs 6.96 mmol/L, p = 0.034). At the end of the study, RS-rich diet failed to affect glycaemic control in prediabetic obese individuals in contrast to the regular fibre-rich diet, which indicated that fibre profile could be an important determinant of the effect of dietary intervention.

Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and are now attracting more attention. In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consumption,Lactobacillus rhamnosusLA68 was orally administrated using gavage to healthy C57BL/6 mice. After one month splenocytes were isolated, and analysed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) was assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analysed. Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+ and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6 secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-γ and decreased IL-10 levels were found. Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leucocyte populations towards monocyte/granulocyte populations.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of astaxanthin (Asx) on paraoxonase (PON1) activities and oxidative stress status in soccer players. Forty soccer players were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to Asx and placebo (P) group. Blood samples were obtained before, 45 and 90 days after supplementation. PON1 activity was assessed by using two substrates: paraoxon and diazoxon. The oxidative stress biomarkers were also examined: total sulphydryl group content (-SH groups), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products and redox balance. The significant interaction effect of supplementation and training (p0.05) on PON1 activity toward paraoxon was observed. The PON1 activity toward diazoxon increased in Asx group after 90 days (p0.01), while there was no significant difference in P group. SH groups content rose from pre- to post-supplementation period only in Asx group (supplementation and training, p0.05; training, p0.01). TBARS levels decreased after 45 days and increased after 90 days of regular soccer training in both groups (training, p0.001). Redox balance decreased significantly in response to the regular training, regardless of treatment group (training, p0.001). Asx supplementation might increase total SH groups content and improve PON1 activity through protection of free thiol groups against oxidative modification.

24th ECNP Congress 3-7 September 2011 • Paris, France Psychotic disorders and antipsychotics – Psychotic disorders (basic)

The main aim of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and aerobic and anaerobic performance induced by supplementation of coffeeberry (CB) formulation for 4 weeks in college athletes. Twenty college athletes (14 males and 6 females) were allocated to two randomly assigned trials. Subjects in the CB group orally ingested capsules that contained CB formulation at a dose of 800 mg per day in two equal doses for 28 days, while subjects in the placebo (P) group ingested an equal number of identical-looking caps that contained cellulose. There were no changes in glucose, cholesterol, and lipoproteins within or between trials (p > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly higher in the CB versus P trial at the post- supplementation trial (1.66 ± 0.16 vs. 1.51 ± 0.05 mmol/L; p lt 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in average anaerobic power, index of anaerobic fatigue, maximal heart rate, blood lactate, and maximal oxygen uptake within or between trials (p > 0.05). Heart rate recovery (HRR) index increased significantly in CB group as compared with baseline level (38 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 5 beats/min; p lt 0.05). Blood lactate after 10 min of recovery (Lactrec) significantly decreased in the CB group after supplementation protocol as compared with initial results (7.6 ± 4.2 vs. 5.5 ± 2.6 mmol/L; p lt 0.05). No subject reported any side effects from CB or P. The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with a CB formulation slightly increased antioxidant capacity, but there were minimal effects on recovery parameters after exercise in college athletes.