22 results on '"Broekmans JF"'
Search Results
2. The impact of immigration on the elimination of tuberculosis in The Netherlands: a model based approach
- Author
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Bosch, JH (Judith), Auvinen, Anssi-Pekka, Broekmans, JF, Borgdorff, MW (Martien), and Public Health
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SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities - Published
- 2002
3. Interventions to reduce tuberculosis mortality and transmission in low- and middle-income countries.
- Author
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Borgdorff MW, Floyd K, and Broekmans JF
- Abstract
Tuberculosis is among the top ten causes of global mortality and affects low-income countries in particular. This paper examines, through a literature review, the impact of tuberculosis control measures on tuberculosis mortality and transmission, and constraints to scaling-up. It also provides estimates of the effectiveness of various interventions using a model proposed by Styblo. It concludes that treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis using the WHO directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy has by far the highest impact. While BCG immunization reduces childhood tuberculosis mortality, its impact on tuberculosis transmission is probably minimal. Under specific conditions, an additional impact on mortality and transmission can be expected through treatment of smear-negative cases, intensification of case-finding for smear-positive tuberculosis, and preventive therapy among individuals with dual tuberculosis-HIV infection. Of these interventions, DOTS is the most cost-effective at around US$ 5-40 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) gained. The cost for BCG immunization is likely to be under US$ 50 per DALY gained. Treatment of smear-negative patients has a cost per DALY gained of up to US$ 100 in low-income countries, and up to US$ 400 in middle-income settings. Other interventions, such as preventive therapy for HIV-positive individuals, appear to be less cost-effective. The major constraint to scaling up DOTS is lack of political commitment, resulting in shortages of funding and human resources for tuberculosis control. However, in recent years there have been encouraging signs of increasing political commitment. Other constraints are related to involvement of the private sector, health sector reform, management capacity of tuberculosis programmes, treatment delivery, and drug supply. Global tuberculosis control could benefit strongly from technical innovation, including the development of a vaccine giving good protection against smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in adults; simpler and shorter drug regimens for treatment of tuberculosis disease and infection; and improved diagnostics for tuberculosis infection and disease. Copyright © 2002 World Health Organization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
4. Tuberculosis control -- is DOTS the health breakthrough of the 1990s?
- Author
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Kochi A, Crofton J, Suarez A PG, Bam DS, Amayun MB, Lieberman S, Harries A, and Broekmans JF
- Published
- 1997
5. Tuberculosis epidemiology in six provinces of Vietnam after the introduction of the DOTS strategy.
- Author
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Huong NT, Duong BD, Co NV, Quy HT, Tung LB, Broekmans JF, Bosman MC, Verhage C, Kalisvaart N, Borgdorff MW, and Cobelens FG
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Humans, Middle Aged, Vietnam epidemiology, Directly Observed Therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Setting: Six provinces in Vietnam where the DOTS strategy was introduced in 1989., Objective: To assess the impact of improved tuberculosis (TB) control on TB epidemiology in Vietnam., Methods: Data from the surveillance system in the period 1990-2003 were analysed to assess trends of notification rates and the mean ages of notified cases. Data from repeated tuberculin surveys in the period 1986-2002 were estimated to assess the prevalence of TB infection, the annual risk of infection and its trend using various cut-off points in those with and without bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar., Results: Age-standardised notification rates in the period 1996-2003 declined significantly, by 2.6% to 5.9% per year, in five provinces. However, in four provinces notification rates in the age group 15-24 years increased significantly, by 4.5% to 13.6% per year, during this period. The mean age of newly diagnosed patients with smear-positive TB increased up to 1995 but decreased thereafter. The annual risk of TB infection showed a significant annual decrease (4.9% per year) in one province in surveys performed between 1986 and 1997, and in two provinces (6.6% and 4.7%) in surveys conducted between 1993 and 2002., Conclusion: These data suggest limited impact to date of the DOTS strategy in Vietnam.
- Published
- 2006
6. Evaluation of sputum smear microscopy in the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in the north of Vietnam.
- Author
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Huong NT, Duong BD, Linh NN, Van LN, Co NV, Broekmans JF, Cobelens FG, and Borgdorff MW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Microscopy methods, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, Vietnam epidemiology, Communicable Disease Control methods, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Program Evaluation, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the yield of sputum smear microscopy and sex differences in the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in the north of Vietnam., Methods: Review of registers of 30 randomly selected laboratories (26 district, 4 provincial level)., Results: The average daily workload per technician was 4.4 examinations in district and 5.3 examinations in provincial laboratories. To find one smear-positive case, 9.7 suspects were examined and 29.3 smears done. The smear-positive rate (mean 10.3%) was higher among men (11.6%) than among women (8.4%, P < 0.001). There were more men than women among tuberculosis (TB) suspects (male:female ratio 1.36, 95%CI 1.19-1.54), but even more so among smear-positive patients (1.89, 95%CI 1.64-2.14), irrespective of specimen quality and number of smears examined. Three smears were examined for 18,055 suspects (61.7%). The incremental gain was 33.5% and 4.9% for the second and third smear examination, respectively; 186 (95%CI 160-221) smears needed to be examined to find one additional case of TB with a third serial examination., Conclusion: The diagnostic process seemed generally efficient. The male:female ratios suggest higher TB incidence in men rather than lower access to TB facilities for women. The third smear examination could be omitted.
- Published
- 2006
7. [An outbreak of multiresistant tuberculosis from Eastern Europe in the Netherlands].
- Author
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de Vries G, van Altena R, van Soolingen D, Broekmans JF, and van Hest NA
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- Adult, Contact Tracing, DNA Fingerprinting, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Europe, Eastern epidemiology, Europe, Eastern ethnology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity, Netherlands epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant transmission, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary transmission, Disease Outbreaks, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Infectious multiresistant pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in a 24-year-old woman from an Eastern European country who resided in the Netherlands illegally. Her chest X-ray showed extensive cavitating lesions in both lungs. The patient was infectious for a long time and contact investigation revealed 2 other cases of multiresistant tuberculosis, her boyfriend aged 39 and his father, aged 58 years. Transmission from the index case was confirmed by DNA fingerprinting. Seven contacts had a latent tuberculosis infection. All 3 tuberculosis patients were successfully treated, while a number of the infected contacts received preventive treatment. Multiresistant tuberculosis is on the rise in Eastern Europe. It is a serious disease with a high mortality rate despite treatment and has considerable social implications. This outbreak emphasises the necessity of maintaining an efficient tuberculosis control network in low incidence countries, such as the Netherlands. This is the first time an outbreak of multiresistant tuberculosis of this magnitude is described in the Netherlands.
- Published
- 2005
8. Establishment and development of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Vietnam.
- Author
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Huong NT, Duong BD, Co NV, Quy HT, Tung LB, Bosman M, Gebhardt A, Velema JP, Broekmans JF, and Borgdorff MW
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- Humans, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Vietnam epidemiology, National Health Programs organization & administration, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the establishment and development of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) of Vietnam., Methods: Data were obtained from the surveillance system established by the new NTP in 1986 and based on the principles now described as the WHO DOTS strategy., Results: The proportion of districts covered by the NTP increased from 40% in 1986 to almost 100% in 2000. The proportion of communes applying NTP guidelines increased from 18% in 1986 to 99.8% in 2000. The total number of tuberculosis cases notified increased from 8737 in 1986 to 89 792 in 2000. Most of these are new smear-positive cases. Based on WHO estimations of the incidence rate, the proportion of new smear-positive cases detected and put on short-course treatment has been over 70% since 1996. Reported cure rates with short-course chemotherapy are consistently over 85%., Conclusions: DOTS is feasible in a low-income, high-burden country. The main reasons for success were political commitment, a well-functioning health network, integration of tuberculosis control into the general health service at district level, a continuous supply of drugs and effective external support. Major challenges are long-term financial support, expansion to remote areas and vulnerable groups, definition of the role of the private sector, and future developments of the HIV epidemic and multidrug resistance.
- Published
- 2005
9. [Centenary of the Royal Dutch Central Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis].
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Kuyvenhoven JV and Broekmans JF
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- Antitubercular Agents history, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Netherlands, Prevalence, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Tuberculosis Vaccines history, Tuberculosis Vaccines therapeutic use, Tuberculosis history, Tuberculosis Societies history
- Abstract
The Royal Dutch Tuberculosis Association (Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der Tuberculose (KNCV)) was founded in 1903. Since then various interventions against tuberculosis have been introduced on the basis of medical and technological opportunities and in response to the epidemiological situation. The introduction of effective drugs during the 1940s and 1950s was by far the most important development and led to a sharp decline in the annual rate of infection and to the disappearance of tuberculosis as a common disease. Following the appointment of the independent National Policy Committee for Tuberculosis Control, Royal Dutch Tuberculosis Association could concentrate on its innovating tasks: the development of new interventions based on epidemiological data and scientific research.
- Published
- 2003
10. Steep increase in HIV prevalence among tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City.
- Author
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Quy HT, Nhien DT, Lan NT, Borgdorff MW, and Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Vietnam epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, HIV Seroprevalence trends, Tuberculosis complications
- Abstract
In Vietnam the spread of HIV infection is thought to be limited. In 12 urban districts of Ho Chi Minh City representative samples of tuberculosis patients have undergone HIV testing since 1995. HIV prevalence increased steeply from 0.5% in 1995 to 4% in 2000, with a doubling time of approximately 21 months. This study highlights the need to intensify HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Vietnam.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. European framework for tuberculosis control and elimination in countries with a low incidence. Recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association (KNCV) Working Group.
- Author
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Broekmans JF, Migliori GB, Rieder HL, Lees J, Ruutu P, Loddenkemper R, and Raviglione MC
- Subjects
- Europe epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Netherlands epidemiology, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Communicable Disease Control organization & administration, Tuberculosis prevention & control, World Health Organization
- Abstract
As countries approach the elimination phase of tuberculosis, specific problems and challenges emerge, due to the steadily declining incidence in the native population, the gradually increasing importance of the importation of latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis from other countries and the emergence of groups at particularly high risk of tuberculosis. Therefore, a Working Group of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and the Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association (KNCV) have developed a new framework for low incidence countries based on concepts and definitions consistent with those of previous recommendations from WHO/IUATLD Working Groups. In low-incidence countries, a broader spectrum of interventions is available and feasible, including: 1) a general approach to tuberculosis which ensures rapid detection and treatment of all the cases and prevention of unnecessary deaths; 2) an overall control strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of tuberculosis infection (risk-group management and prevention of transmission of infection in institutional settings) and 3) a tuberculosis elimination strategy aimed at reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection (outbreak management and provision of preventive therapy for specified groups and individuals). Government and private sector commitment towards elimination, effective case detection among symptomatic individuals together with active case finding in special groups, standard treatment of disease and infection, access to tuberculosis diagnostic and treatment services, prevention (e.g. through screening and bacille Calmette-Guéria immunization in specified groups), surveillance and treatment outcome monitoring are prerequisites to implementing the policy package recommended in this new framework document.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The impact of immigration on the elimination of tuberculosis in The Netherlands: a model based approach.
- Author
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Wolleswinkel-van dB, Nagelkerke NJ, Broekmans JF, and Borgdorff MW
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- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Netherlands epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, Emigration and Immigration statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether elimination of tuberculosis in the Dutch population can be achieved by the year 2030, taking into account the impact of immigration., Methods: The incidence of tuberculosis (all forms) in the period 1970 to 2030 was estimated using a life-table model for the Dutch population without the impact of immigration. The influence of immigration on tuberculosis incidence among the Dutch was modelled using four immigrant scenarios, distinguished by the assumed contact rate between immigrants and the Dutch population, and by different projections (middle, upper) of the future size of the immigrant population in The Netherlands., Results: The incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis among the Dutch is projected to be 1.4 per million in the scenario without the influence of immigrant cases, and ranging from 3.8 to 11.8 per million in the four immigrant scenarios. In all immigrant scenarios, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection will continue to decline and be less than 1% by the year 2030. At least 60% of Dutch tuberculosis cases in the year 2030 are expected to be the result of transmission from a foreign source case., Conclusion: Using a prevalence of tuberculosis infection of less than 1% as the elimination criterion, tuberculosis will probably be eliminated from the indigenous Dutch population by 2030. However, the incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis is expected to remain higher than 1 per million, and the majority of new tuberculosis cases among the Dutch may be attributable to recent infection from a foreign source case.
- Published
- 2002
13. Risk of tuberculosis infection and tuberculous meningitis after discontinuation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in Beijing.
- Author
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Zhang LX, Tu DH, He GX, Ma ZQ, Nagelkerke NJ, Borgdorff MW, Enarson DA, and Broekmans JF
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- Child, Child, Preschool, China epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Immunization Programs, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Tuberculosis, Meningeal prevention & control, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, BCG Vaccine administration & dosage, Developing Countries, Tuberculosis, Meningeal epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
In Beijing, the notification rate of smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) has been below 20 per 100,000 since 1986, and continues to decline. To accurately measure the risk of TB infection in a population in which the results of tuberculin skin testing were not confounded by vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), BCG vaccination at birth was discontinued from 1988 in Shun-yi County. In 1995, the prevalence of TB infection among 12,836 primary school children aged 6 to 7 yr and without BCG scars was 1.4%, giving an estimated annual risk of infection of 0.19% (95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.22%). The prevalence of TB infection in children aged 5 to 9 yr in Beijing in 1950 was 46%. The number of cases of tuberculous meningitis did not increase after discontinuation of BCG. We conclude that discontinuation of BCG had no detectable harmful effects, and that control of TB in Beijing has markedly reduced the prevalence of TB infection since 1950.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Defaulting from tuberculosis treatment in The Netherlands: rates, risk factors and trend in the period 1993-1997.
- Author
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Borgdorff MW, Veen J, Kalisvaart NA, Broekmans JF, and Nagelkerke NJ
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- Adult, Aged, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Eastern ethnology, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prisoners, Registries, Risk Factors, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Patient Dropouts statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis drug therapy
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of defaulting from treatment among tuberculosis patients diagnosed in the Netherlands in the period 1993-1997, whether risk groups for defaulting can be identified at the start of treatment and the trend of defaulting over time. The Netherlands Tuberculosis Register provided data on all patients diagnosed in the Netherlands during the period 1993-1997. Defaulting probabilities were determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and risk factors were identified with Cox's proportional hazard analysis. Of 7,529 patients with reported treatment outcome, 718 (10%) defaulted or left the country within 1 yr after starting treatment. Defaulting probabilities were 9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8-10%) among 5,256 patients in low-risk groups, 17% (95% CI 14-19%) among 1,437 asylum seekers and 29% (95% CI 24-34%) among 836 patients in other high-risk groups (other recent immigrants, illegal immigrants, the homeless, prisoners and nationals from Eastern Europe). Defaulting probabilities decreased over time from 12% in 1993 to 7% in 1997. Risk groups for defaulting can be recognized at the start of treatment. The decreasing defaulting probabilities were probably due in part to shortening treatment from 9 to 6 months and improved follow-up of asylum seekers. However, additional measures are needed to reduce defaulting among the homeless, recent immigrants, illegal immigrants and prisoners.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The design of multi-stage tuberculin surveys: some suggestions for sampling.
- Author
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Nagelkerke NJ, Borgdorff MW, Kalisvaart NA, and Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- Bias, Child, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Population Density, Prevalence, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Schools, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Guidelines as Topic, Health Surveys, Research Design standards, Sampling Studies, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Setting: Tuberculin surveys of children to estimate national or regional infection prevalences are commonly designed as multi-stage surveys. These surveys require strategies for the efficient sampling of sub-units at each stage., Objectives: To develop guidelines for sampling in tuberculin surveys., Design: Sampling theory was used to develop a simple and efficient sampling strategy for planning and analysing tuberculin surveys. The issue of sample sizes is considered., Results: Formulae for the calculation of infection prevalences and their confidence intervals are developed. Sample sizes are discussed., Conclusion: We recommend that districts be sampled using sampling proportional to size, in which larger units have a larger probability of being included in the sample. Schools are sampled next using simple random sampling, where each school within a district has the same probability of being included in the sample. In each school all eligible children are Mantoux tested. The number of children tested per district should be approximately constant. Increasing the number of selected districts is usually more efficient for increasing the precision of the estimate than increasing the number of children per district beyond several hundred to a few thousand.
- Published
- 2000
16. Transmission of tuberculosis between people of different ages in The Netherlands: an analysis using DNA fingerprinting.
- Author
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Borgdorff MW, Nagelkerke NJ, van Soolingen D, and Broekmans JF
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Netherlands epidemiology, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Tuberculosis epidemiology, DNA Fingerprinting, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Tuberculosis transmission
- Abstract
Setting: In the period 1950 to 1980 the risk of tuberculous infection in the Netherlands declined more steeply than tuberculosis incidence. This study aimed at determining whether this might be explained by preferential transmission within age groups., Methods: Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing on all Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the Netherlands from 1993 to 1996, clusters with identical fingerprints were identified. The correlation between the ages of people in clusters of two Dutch patients was determined., Results: The mean difference in age between the two people, in 81 clusters of two, was 13.9 years, while the mean age difference between all possible pairs of individuals in this data set was 25.5 years. Fisher's intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.74)., Conclusion: It is concluded that sources of tuberculosis may preferentially transmit infection to people close to their own age. As the average age of cases has increased in the period 1950-1980, sources may have become less likely to infect children in whom the risk of infection has been measured. The annual risk of infection measured in children and young adults in countries with low levels of tuberculosis may not apply to older members of the population.
- Published
- 1999
17. Tuberculosis: where do we stand?
- Author
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Becx-Bleumink M and Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- Africa epidemiology, Humans, World Health Organization, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. [The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: shorter and with more potency].
- Author
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Broekmans JF and van Herwaarden CL
- Subjects
- Communicable Disease Control legislation & jurisprudence, Disease Notification, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Netherlands epidemiology, Patient Compliance, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology, Antitubercular Agents administration & dosage, Tuberculosis drug therapy
- Published
- 1996
19. [Multiresistant tuberculosis: a hazard for public health?].
- Author
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Broekmans JF and van Klingeren B
- Subjects
- Disease Outbreaks, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Netherlands epidemiology, Public Health, Risk Factors, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Tuberculosis microbiology
- Published
- 1993
20. The point of view of a low prevalence country: The Netherlands.
- Author
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Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Organizational Objectives, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Voluntary Health Agencies organization & administration, Communicable Disease Control methods, International Cooperation, National Health Programs organization & administration, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Abstract
The elimination of tuberculosis in the Netherlands is not envisaged before 2025. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the elimination phase asks for a revision of existing control strategies. In the Netherlands a new role is identified for a voluntary tuberculosis organisation like the Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association (KNCV) in the areas of expert consultation, surveillance, post-graduate education and consensus and protocol development. A major challenge for a low prevalence country is the existence of high prevalence countries; KNCV's contribution to the success of the Mutual Assistance Programme of the IUATLD in Tanzania, Malawi, Benin, Kenya and Mali is discussed. A major role is identified for the IUATLD and voluntary organisations like KNCV in WHO's new global programme against tuberculosis. The involvement of a Dutch voluntary organisation, the Medical Committee The Netherlands-Vietnam (MCNV) in support of the national tuberculosis programme in Vietnam illustrates this development.
- Published
- 1991
21. Tuberculosis and HIV-infection in developing countries.
- Author
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Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antitubercular Agents economics, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control methods, Comorbidity, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Interinstitutional Relations, Male, Middle Aged, National Health Programs organization & administration, Prevalence, Public Health Administration organization & administration, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis complications, Tuberculosis prevention & control, World Health Organization, Developing Countries, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. In recent years, a (cost-)effective intervention has been developed in the national programmes of Tanzania and other developing countries. HIV transmission in populations with a high background prevalence of tuberculosis infection will increase the incidence of tuberculosis disease substantially. World Health Organization and World Bank are currently formulating new strategies to revitalise the global efforts against tuberculosis.
- Published
- 1991
22. Maintenance of a tuberculosis programme in the elimination phase.
- Author
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Broekmans JF
- Subjects
- Forecasting, Humans, Netherlands epidemiology, Prevalence, Program Evaluation, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Published
- 1990
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