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Your search keyword '"Brook, R.H."' showing total 26 results
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26 results on '"Brook, R.H."'

1. Can health care quality indicators be transferred between countries? (Original Article)

Author

Marshall, M.N., Shekelle, P.G., McGlynn, E.A., Campbell, S., Brook, R.H., and Roland, M.O.

Subjects
Quality management, Evaluation, International aspects, Health surveys -- International aspects, Medical care quality -- Quality management, Health status indicators -- Evaluation -- International aspects, Medical care -- Quality management
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the transferability of primary care quality indicators by comparing indicators for common clinical problems developed using the same method in the UK and the USA. Method: Quality [...]

Published
2003

2. Quality of life of patients with chronic stable angina before and four years after coronary revascularisation compared with a normal population. (Interventional Cardiology and Surgery)

Author

Brorsson, B., Bernstein, S.J., Brook, R.H., and Werko, L.

Subjects
Care and treatment, Research, Health aspects, Outcome and process assessment (Medical care) -- Research -- Health aspects, Angina pectoris -- Care and treatment -- Research, Quality of life -- Health aspects -- Research, Myocardial revascularization -- Health aspects -- Research, Outcome and process assessment (Health Care) -- Research -- Health aspects
Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact of coronary revascularisation on the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with chronic stable angina compared with data from 'community' norms four years [...]

Published
2002

3. Interim Results from the IMPACT Study: Evidence for Prostate-specific Antigen Screening in BRCA2 Mutation Carriers

Author

Page, E. (Elizabeth), Bancroft, E.K. (Elizabeth), Brook, R.H., Assel, M. (Matthias), Al Battat, M.H., Thomas, S. (Siep), Page, E. (Elizabeth), Bancroft, E.K. (Elizabeth), Brook, R.H., Assel, M. (Matthias), Al Battat, M.H., and Thomas, S. (Siep)

Abstract

Background: Mutations in BRCA2 cause a higher risk of early-onset aggressive prostate cancer (PrCa). The IMPACT study is evaluating targeted PrCa screening using prostatespecific-antigen (PSA) in men with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Objective: To report the utility of PSA screening, PrCa incidence, positive predictive value of PSA, biopsy, and tumour characteristics after 3 yr of screening, by BRCA status. Design, setting, and participants: Men aged 40–69 yr with a germline pathogenic BRCA1/ 2 mutation and male controls testing negative for a familial BRCA1/2 mutation were recruited. Participants underwent PSA screening for 3 yr, and if PSA > 3.0 ng/ml, men were offered prostate biopsy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: PSA levels, PrCa incidence, and tumour characteristics were evaluated. Statistical analyses included Poisson regression offset by person-year follow-up, chi-square tests for proportion t tests for means, and KruskalWallis for medians. Results and limitations: A total of 3027 patients (2932 unique individuals) were recruited (919 BRCA1 carriers, 709 BRCA1 noncarriers, 902 BRCA2 carriers, and 497 BRCA2 noncarriers). After 3 yr of screening, 527 men had PSA > 3.0 ng/ml, 357 biopsies were performed, and 112 PrCa cases were diagnosed (31 BRCA1 carriers, 19 BRCA1 noncarriers, 47 BRCA2 carriers, and 15 BRCA2 noncarriers). Higher compliance with biopsy was observed in BRCA2 carriers compared with noncarriers (73% vs 60%). Cancer incidence rate per 1000 person years was higher in BRCA2 carriers than in noncarriers (19.4 vs 12.0; p = 0.03); BRCA2 carriers were diagnosed at a younger age (61 vs 64 yr; p = 0.04) and were more likely to have clinically significant disease than BRCA2 noncarriers (77% vs 40%; p = 0.01). No differences in age or tumour characteristics were detected between BRCA1 carriers and BRCA1 noncarriers. The 4 kallikrein marker model discriminated better (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73) for clinically significant cancer at biop

Published
2019
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4. Erratum: Publisher Correction: Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers (Nature communications (2019) 10 1 (431))

Author

Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H.K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick R), Schmit, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, G. (Giario), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J.R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M.C. (Melinda), Andrew, A.S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N.N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S.M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K.J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. (Daniel), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Bickeböller, H. (Heike), Bien, S.A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J.D. (James D.), Brook, R.H., Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnström, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D.D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M.A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P.T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Géraldine), Cannon-Albright, L.A. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N.E. (Neil), Carvalho, A.L. (André L), Chan, A.T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D.C. (David C.), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B M), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collée, J.M. (J Margriet), Correa, M.C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary), DeFazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J.L. (Jenny L.), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E.J. (Eric), Dunning, A.M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. (Diana), Edlund, C.K. (Christopher), Edwards, D.R.V. (Digna R Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D.G. (D Gareth), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Ferris, R.L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J.C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R.T. (Renée T), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. (Steve), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia), Garber, J. (Judy), García-Sáenz, J.A. (José A), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D.E. (David E.), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Goodman, M.T. (Marc), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Grönberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Håkansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. (Freddie), Hamilton, R.J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J.L. (John), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P.J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D.J. (David), Huntsman, D.G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Ingles, S.A. (Sue), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Jenkins, M.A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E.M. (Esther), Joshi, A.D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Kelemen, L.E. (Linda E.), Kühl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E.K. (Elza), Kibel, A. (Adam), Kiemeney, L.A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jongoh), Kjaer, M. (Michael), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M.T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N.D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D.A. (Douglas), Li, L. (Li), Li, C.I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L., Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R.L. (Roger), MacInnis, R.J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Víctor), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neal, D. (David), Ness, A.R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. (Polly), Newcomb, L.F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. (Finn), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Olama, A.A.A. (Ali Amin Al), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Olshan, A.F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Håkan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J.Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. (Marilyn), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W.H.M. (Wilbert), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Phipps, A.I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H.S. (Hedy S.), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Riggan, M.J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H.A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M.J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B.S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M.A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D.P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M.B. (Matthew), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Setiawan, V.W. (V Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E.M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Slattery, M.L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K.D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Stanford, J.L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V.L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Tajara, E.H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C.M. (Catherine M.), Tardón, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J.A. (Jack A.), Teare, M.D. (M Dawn), Teixeira, P.J., Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S.N. (Stephen), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjørge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P.A. (Paul A.), Travis, S.P.L. (Simon), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. (Shelley), Ulrich, C. (Cornelia), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. (Celine), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M.E. (Miguel Elías), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. (Penny), Weinberg, C.R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M.C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), West, C.M.L. (Catharine M L), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, K. (Kerstin), Woll, P.J. (Penella J), Woods, M.O. (Michael), Wu, A.H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K.K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J.M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D.C. (Duncan), Hung, R.J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), McKay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R.A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P.J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Gruber, S.B. (Stephen), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Price, A.L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C.I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Lindström, S. (Sara), Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H.K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick R), Schmit, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, G. (Giario), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J.R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M.C. (Melinda), Andrew, A.S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N.N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S.M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K.J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. (Daniel), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Bickeböller, H. (Heike), Bien, S.A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J.D. (James D.), Brook, R.H., Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnström, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D.D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M.A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P.T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Géraldine), Cannon-Albright, L.A. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N.E. (Neil), Carvalho, A.L. (André L), Chan, A.T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D.C. (David C.), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B M), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collée, J.M. (J Margriet), Correa, M.C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary), DeFazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J.L. (Jenny L.), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E.J. (Eric), Dunning, A.M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. (Diana), Edlund, C.K. (Christopher), Edwards, D.R.V. (Digna R Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D.G. (D Gareth), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Ferris, R.L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J.C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R.T. (Renée T), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. (Steve), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia), Garber, J. (Judy), García-Sáenz, J.A. (José A), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D.E. (David E.), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Goodman, M.T. (Marc), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Grönberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Håkansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. (Freddie), Hamilton, R.J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J.L. (John), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P.J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D.J. (David), Huntsman, D.G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Ingles, S.A. (Sue), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Jenkins, M.A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E.M. (Esther), Joshi, A.D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Kelemen, L.E. (Linda E.), Kühl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E.K. (Elza), Kibel, A. (Adam), Kiemeney, L.A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jongoh), Kjaer, M. (Michael), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M.T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N.D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D.A. (Douglas), Li, L. (Li), Li, C.I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L., Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R.L. (Roger), MacInnis, R.J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Víctor), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neal, D. (David), Ness, A.R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. (Polly), Newcomb, L.F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. (Finn), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Olama, A.A.A. (Ali Amin Al), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Olshan, A.F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Håkan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J.Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. (Marilyn), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W.H.M. (Wilbert), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Phipps, A.I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H.S. (Hedy S.), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Riggan, M.J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H.A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M.J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B.S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M.A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D.P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M.B. (Matthew), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Setiawan, V.W. (V Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E.M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Slattery, M.L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K.D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Stanford, J.L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V.L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Tajara, E.H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C.M. (Catherine M.), Tardón, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J.A. (Jack A.), Teare, M.D. (M Dawn), Teixeira, P.J., Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S.N. (Stephen), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjørge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P.A. (Paul A.), Travis, S.P.L. (Simon), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. (Shelley), Ulrich, C. (Cornelia), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. (Celine), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M.E. (Miguel Elías), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. (Penny), Weinberg, C.R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M.C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), West, C.M.L. (Catharine M L), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, K. (Kerstin), Woll, P.J. (Penella J), Woods, M.O. (Michael), Wu, A.H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K.K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J.M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D.C. (Duncan), Hung, R.J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), McKay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R.A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P.J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Gruber, S.B. (Stephen), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Price, A.L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C.I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), and Lindström, S. (Sara)

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019
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5. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry

Author

Matejcic, M. (Marco), Saunders, E.J. (Edward J.), Dadaev, T. (Tokhir), Brook, R.H., Wang, K. (Kan), Sheng, X. (Xin), Olama, A.A.A. (Ali Amin Al), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Ingles, S.A. (Sue), Govindasami, K. (Koveela), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Koutros, S. (Stella), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Stevens, V.L. (Victoria L.), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Tangen, C.M. (Catherine M.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Clements, J. (Judith), Grönberg, H. (Henrik), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Wolk, K. (Kerstin), West, C. (Catharine), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Kraft, P. (Peter), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Géraldine), Sorensen, K.D. (Karina D.), Maehle, L., Grindedal, E.M. (Eli M.), Strom, S., Neal, D. (David), Hamdy, F. (Freddie), Donovan, J. (Jenny), Travis, S.P.L. (Simon), Hamilton, R.J. (Robert J.), Rosenstein, B.S. (Barry S.), Lu, Y.-J. (Yong-Jie), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Kibel, A. (Adam), Vega, A. (Ana), Bensen, J.T. (Jeanette T.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Penney, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Park, J.Y. (Jong Y.), Stanford, J.L. (Janet L.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Maier, C. (Christiane), Kim, J. (Jongoh), Teixeira, P.J., Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Razack, A. (Azad), Newcomb, L.F. (Lisa F.), Lessel, D. (Davor), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Claessens, F. (Frank), Townsend, P.A. (Paul A.), Dominguez, M.G. (Manuela G.), Roobol-Bouts, M.J. (Monique), Menegaux, F. (Florence), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Cannon-Albright, L.A. (Lisa), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Thibodeau, S.N. (Stephen N.), Schaid, D.J. (D.), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen J.), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Eeles, R.A. (Rosalind A.), Kote-Jarai, Z., Conti, G. (Giario), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Matejcic, M. (Marco), Saunders, E.J. (Edward J.), Dadaev, T. (Tokhir), Brook, R.H., Wang, K. (Kan), Sheng, X. (Xin), Olama, A.A.A. (Ali Amin Al), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Ingles, S.A. (Sue), Govindasami, K. (Koveela), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Koutros, S. (Stella), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Stevens, V.L. (Victoria L.), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Tangen, C.M. (Catherine M.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Clements, J. (Judith), Grönberg, H. (Henrik), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Wolk, K. (Kerstin), West, C. (Catharine), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Kraft, P. (Peter), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Géraldine), Sorensen, K.D. (Karina D.), Maehle, L., Grindedal, E.M. (Eli M.), Strom, S., Neal, D. (David), Hamdy, F. (Freddie), Donovan, J. (Jenny), Travis, S.P.L. (Simon), Hamilton, R.J. (Robert J.), Rosenstein, B.S. (Barry S.), Lu, Y.-J. (Yong-Jie), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Kibel, A. (Adam), Vega, A. (Ana), Bensen, J.T. (Jeanette T.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Penney, K.L. (Kathryn L.), Park, J.Y. (Jong Y.), Stanford, J.L. (Janet L.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Maier, C. (Christiane), Kim, J. (Jongoh), Teixeira, P.J., Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Razack, A. (Azad), Newcomb, L.F. (Lisa F.), Lessel, D. (Davor), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Claessens, F. (Frank), Townsend, P.A. (Paul A.), Dominguez, M.G. (Manuela G.), Roobol-Bouts, M.J. (Monique), Menegaux, F. (Florence), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Cannon-Albright, L.A. (Lisa), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Thibodeau, S.N. (Stephen N.), Schaid, D.J. (D.), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen J.), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Eeles, R.A. (Rosalind A.), Kote-Jarai, Z., Conti, G. (Giario), and Haiman, C.A. (Christopher)

Abstract

Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 × 10-15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62-4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification.

Published
2018
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6. Genetic predisposition to ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Author

Petridis, C. (Christos), Brook, R.H., Shah, V. (Vandna), Kohut, K. (Kelly), Gorman, P. (Patricia), Caneppele, M. (Michele), Levi, D. (Dina), Papouli, E. (Efterpi), Orr, N. (Nick), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Peto, J. (Julian), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Benítez, J. (Javier), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Tessier, D.C. (Daniel C.), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Li, J. (Jingmei), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Soucy, P. (Penny), Simard, J. (Jacques), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Margolin, S. (Sara), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Brüning, T. (Thomas), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Hopper, J.L. (John), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Hamann, U. (Ute), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Arndt, V. (Volker), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Devilee, P. (Peter), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Marme, F. (Federick), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Miller, N. (Nicola), Kerin, M. (Michael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Floris, O.A.M., Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Yao, S. (Song), Ambrosone, C.B. (Christine), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Czene, K. (Kamila), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Pinder, S. (Sarah), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Roylance, R. (Rebecca), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Petridis, C. (Christos), Brook, R.H., Shah, V. (Vandna), Kohut, K. (Kelly), Gorman, P. (Patricia), Caneppele, M. (Michele), Levi, D. (Dina), Papouli, E. (Efterpi), Orr, N. (Nick), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Peto, J. (Julian), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Benítez, J. (Javier), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Tessier, D.C. (Daniel C.), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Li, J. (Jingmei), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Soucy, P. (Penny), Simard, J. (Jacques), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Margolin, S. (Sara), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Brüning, T. (Thomas), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Hopper, J.L. (John), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Hamann, U. (Ute), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Arndt, V. (Volker), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Devilee, P. (Peter), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Marme, F. (Federick), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Miller, N. (Nicola), Kerin, M. (Michael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Floris, O.A.M., Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Yao, S. (Song), Ambrosone, C.B. (Christine), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Czene, K. (Kamila), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Pinder, S. (Sarah), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Roylance, R. (Rebecca), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), and Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor)

Abstract

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer. It is often associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and is considered to be a non-obligate precursor of IDC. It is not clear to what extent these two forms of cancer share low-risk susceptibility loci, or whether there are differences in the strength of association for shared loci. Methods: To identify genetic polymorphisms that predispose to DCIS, we pooled data from 38 studies comprising 5,067 cases of DCIS, 24,584 cases of IDC and 37,467 controls, all genotyped using the iCOGS chip. Results: Most (67 %) of the 76 known breast cancer predisposition loci showed an association with DCIS in the same direction as previously reported for invasive breast cancer. Case-only analysis showed no evidence for differences between associations for IDC and DCIS after considering multiple testing. Analysis by estrogen receptor (ER) status confirmed that loci associated with ER positive IDC were also associated with ER positive DCIS. Analysis of DCIS by grade suggested that two independent SNPs at 11q13.3 near CCND1 were specific to low/intermediate grade DCIS (rs75915166, rs554219). These associations with grade remained after adjusting for ER status and were also found in IDC. We found no novel DCIS-specific loci at a genome wide significance level of P < 5.0x10-8. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides the strongest evidence to date of a shared genetic susceptibility for IDC and DCIS. Studies with larger numbers of DCIS are needed to determine if IDC or DCIS specific loci exist.

Published
2016
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7. Genetic Predisposition to In Situ and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast

Author

Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Roylance, R. (Rebecca), Petridis, C. (Christos), Brook, R.H., Nowinski, S. (Salpie), Papouli, E. (Efterpi), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Pinder, S. (Sarah), Hanby, A. (Andrew), Kohut, K. (Kelly), Gorman, P. (Patricia), Caneppele, M. (Michele), Peto, J. (Julian), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Johnson, N. (Nichola), Swann, R. (Ruth), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Perkins, K.-A. (Katherine-Anne), Gillett, C. (Cheryl), Houlston, R. (Richard), Ross, G. (Gillian), Ieso, P. (Paolo) de, Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Hopper, J.L. (John), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Keeman, J.N., Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Jud, S.M. (Sebastian), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Kerin, M. (Michael), Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Sohn, C. (Christof), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Laurent-Puig, P. (Pierre), Kerbrat, P. (Pierre), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Perez, J.I.A. (Jose Ignacio Arias), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Benítez, J. (Javier), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Arndt, V. (Volker), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Lichtner, P. (Peter), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Lochmann, M. (Magdalena), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Fischer, H.-P., Ko, Y-D. (Yon-Dschun), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J. (Jaana), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Limbergen, E. (Erik) van, Hatse, S. (Sigrid), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Volorio, S. (Sara), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Baglietto, L. (Laura), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Simard, J. (Jacques), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Labrèche, F. (France), Dumont, M. (Martine), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Kauppila, S. (Saila), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Devillee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Kriege, M. (Mieke), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Li, J. (Jingmei), Czene, K. (Kamila), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Shah, M. (Mitul), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Orr, N. (Nick), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Pita, G. (Guillermo), Alonso, M.R. (Rosario), Tessier, Y. (Yann), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Bacot, F. (Francois), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Roylance, R. (Rebecca), Petridis, C. (Christos), Brook, R.H., Nowinski, S. (Salpie), Papouli, E. (Efterpi), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Pinder, S. (Sarah), Hanby, A. (Andrew), Kohut, K. (Kelly), Gorman, P. (Patricia), Caneppele, M. (Michele), Peto, J. (Julian), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Johnson, N. (Nichola), Swann, R. (Ruth), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Perkins, K.-A. (Katherine-Anne), Gillett, C. (Cheryl), Houlston, R. (Richard), Ross, G. (Gillian), Ieso, P. (Paolo) de, Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Hopper, J.L. (John), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Keeman, J.N., Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Jud, S.M. (Sebastian), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Kerin, M. (Michael), Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Sohn, C. (Christof), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Laurent-Puig, P. (Pierre), Kerbrat, P. (Pierre), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Perez, J.I.A. (Jose Ignacio Arias), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Benítez, J. (Javier), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Arndt, V. (Volker), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Lichtner, P. (Peter), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Lochmann, M. (Magdalena), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Fischer, H.-P., Ko, Y-D. (Yon-Dschun), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J. (Jaana), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Limbergen, E. (Erik) van, Hatse, S. (Sigrid), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Volorio, S. (Sara), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Baglietto, L. (Laura), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Simard, J. (Jacques), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Labrèche, F. (France), Dumont, M. (Martine), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Kauppila, S. (Saila), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Devillee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Kriege, M. (Mieke), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Li, J. (Jingmei), Czene, K. (Kamila), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Shah, M. (Mitul), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Orr, N. (Nick), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Pita, G. (Guillermo), Alonso, M.R. (Rosario), Tessier, Y. (Yann), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Bacot, F. (Francois), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), and García-Closas, M. (Montserrat)

Abstract

Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) accounts for 10-15% of all invasive breast carcinomas. It is generally ER positive (ER+) and often associated with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 70 common polymorphisms that predispose to breast cancer, but these studies included predominantly ductal (IDC) carcinomas. To identify novel common polymorphisms that predispose to ILC and LCIS, we po

Published
2014
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13. Changes in the Healthcare System: Goals, Forces, Solutions.

Author

Brook, R.H.

Subjects
*MEDICAL care, *HEALTH insurance
Abstract

The goals of a health system should be to provide all necessary care to everybody, improve the mean level of quality of care, reduce variations in this care, and eliminate waste. In fact, the driving force currently promoting change in the health system is cost containment, and the greatest efforts being exerted in this regard are in those areas where the most money is being spent. Research suggests that increased health spending does not necessarily equate with improved healthcare. Furthermore, reducing expenditure does not ensure that only less than necessary procedures are eliminated. Thus, it is important to use a conceptual model that relates cost to quality of care when approaching the problem of reducing the costs of healthcare. It is also necessary to define quality of care and necessary care, so that the clinical process can be re-engineered to ensure that both quality and necessary care can be delivered. The financial incentives that support the implementation of this process can then be put in place. Quality of care at an acceptable cost can only be obtained if waste is identified and eliminated, resources are applied to necessary and appropriate care, variations in the quality of care are eliminated, and economic policies consistent with a country's culture and expectations of value for money are adopted. Accomplishing these objectives will be difficult and costly. However, the effort must be made, if for no other reason than that the existing system in the United States, whereby health insurance is not provided for everyone, is unacceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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14. Overuse and underuse of colonoscopy in a European primary care setting

Author

Vader, J.-P., Pache, I., Froehlich, F., Burnand, B., Schneider, C., Dubois, R.W., Brook, R.H., and Gonvers, J.-J.

Abstract

Background: Efforts to decrease overuse of health care may result in underuse. Overuse and underuse of colonoscopy have never been simultaneously evaluated in the same patient population. Methods: In this prospective observational study, the appropriateness and necessity of referral for colonoscopy were evaluated by using explicit criteria developed by a standardized expert panel method. Inappropriate referrals constituted overuse. Patients with necessary colonoscopy indications who were not referred constituted underuse. Consecutive ambulatory patients with lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms from 22 general practices in Switzerland, a country with ready access to colonoscopy, were enrolled during a 4-week period. Follow-up data were obtained at 3 months for patients who did not undergo a necessary colonoscopy. Results: Eight thousand seven hundred sixty patient visits were screened for inclusion; 651 patients (7.4%) had lower GI symptoms (mean age 56.4 years, 68% women). Of these, 78 (12%) were referred for colonoscopy. Indications for colonoscopy in 11 patients (14% of colonoscopy referrals or 1.7% of all patients with lower GI symptoms) were judged inappropriate. Among 573 patients not referred for the procedure, underuse ranged between 11% and 28% of all patients with lower GI symptoms, depending on the criteria used. Conclusions: Applying criteria from an expert panel of nationally recognized experts indicates that underuse of referral for colonoscopy exceeds overuse in primary care in Switzerland. To improve quality of care, both overuse and underuse of important procedures must be addressed. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:593-9.)

Published
2000
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15. Is the diagnostic yield of upper GI endoscopy improved by the use of explicit panel-based appropriateness criteria?

Author

Froehlich, F., Repond, C., Mullhaupt, B., Vader, J.-P., Burnand, B., Schneider, C., Pache, I., Thorens, J., Rey, J.-P., DeBosset, V., Wietlisbach, V., Fried, M., DuBois, R.W., Brook, R.H., and Gonvers, J.-J.

Abstract

Background: Increasing the appropriateness of use of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is important to improve quality of care while at the same time containing costs. This study explored whether detailed explicit appropriateness criteria significantly improve the diagnostic yield of upper GI endoscopy. Methods: Consecutive patients referred for upper GI endoscopy at 6 centers (1 university hospital, 2 district hospitals, 3 gastroenterology practices) were prospectively included over a 6-month period. After controlling for disease presentation and patient characteristics, the relationship between the appropriateness of upper GI endoscopoy, as assessed by explicit Swiss criteria developed by the RAND/UCLA panel method, and the presence of relevant endoscopic lesions was analyzed. Results: A total of 2088 patients (60% outpatients, 57% men) were included. Analysis was restricted to the 1681 patients referred for diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. Forty-six percent of upper GI endoscopies were judged to be appropriate, 15% uncertain, and 39% inappropriate by the explicit criteria. No cancer was found in upper GI endoscopies judged to be inappropriate. Upper GI endoscopies judged appropriate or uncertain yielded significantly more relevant lesions (60%) than did those judged to be inappropriate (37%; odds ratio 2.6: 95% CI [2.2, 3.2]). In multivariate analyses, the diagnostic yield of upper GI endoscopy was significantly influenced by appropriateness, patient gender and age, treatment setting, and symptoms. Conclusions: Upper GI endoscopies performed for appropriate indications resulted in detecting significantly more clinically relevant lesions than did those performed for inappropriate indications. In addition, no upper GI endoscopy that resulted in a diagnosis of cancer was judged to be inappropriate. The use of such criteria improves patient selection for upper GI endoscopy and can thus contribute to efforts aimed at enhancing the quality and efficiency of care. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:333-41).

Published
2000
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16. Effect of variability in the interpretation of coronary angiograms on the appropriateness of use of coronary revascularization procedures

Author

Leape, L.L., Park, R.E., Bashore, T.M., Harrison, J., Davidson, C.J., and Brook, R.H.

Abstract

Background Evidence from numerous studies of coronary angiography show differences between observers' assessments of 15% to 45%. The implication of this variation is serious: If readings are erroneous, some patients will undergo revascularization procedures unnecessarily and others will be denied an essential treatment. We evaluated the variation in interpretation of angiograms and its potential effect on appropriateness of use of revascularization procedures. Methods and Results Angiograms of 308 randomly selected patients previously studied for appropriateness of angiography, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were interpreted by a blinded panel of 3 experienced angiographers and compared with the original interpretations. The potential effect on differences on the appropriateness of revascularization was assessed by use of the RAND criteria. Technical deficiencies were found in 52% of cases. Panel readings tended to show less significant disease (none in 16% of vessels previously read as showing significant disease), less severity of stenosis (43% lower, 6% higher), and lower extent of disease (23% less, 6% more). The classification of CABG changed from necessary/appropriate to uncertain/inappropriate for 17% to 33% of cases when individual ratings were replaced by panel readings. Conclusions The general level of technical quality of coronary angiography is unsatisfactory. Variation in the interpretation of angiograms was substantial in all measures and tended to be higher in individual than in panel readings. The effect was to lead to a potential overestimation of appropriateness of use of CABG by 17% and of PTCA by 10%. These findings indicate the need for increased attention to the technical quality of studies and an independent second reading for angiograms before recommending revascularization. (Am Heart J 2000;139:106-13.)

Published
2000
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17. Appropriateness of referral of coronary angiography patients in Sweden

Author

Bernstein, S.J., Brorsson, B., Werkö, L., Åberg, T., Emanuelsson, H., and Brook, R.H.

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the appropriateness of referral following coronary angiography in Sweden. Design Prospective survey and review of medical records. Patients Consecutive series of 2767 patients who underwent coronary angiography in Sweden between May 1994 and January 1995 and were considered for coronary revascularisation. Main outcome measures Percentage of patients referred for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for indications that were judged necessary, appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate by a multispecialty Swedish national expert panel using the RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) appropriateness method, and the percentage of patients referred for continued medical management who met necessity criteria for revascularisation. Results Half the patients were referred for CABG, 25% for PTCA, and 25% for continued medical therapy. CABG was judged appropriate or necessary for 78% of patients, uncertain for 12% and inappropriate for 10%. For PTCA the figures were 32%, 30% and 38%, respectively. Two factors contributed to the high inappropriate rate. Many of these patients did not have "significant" coronary artery disease (although all had at least one stenosis > 50%) or they were treated with less than "optimal" medical therapy. While 96% of patients who met necessity criteria for revascularisation were appropriately referred for revascularisation, 4% were referred for continued medical therapy. Conclusions Using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method and the definitions agreed to by the expert panel, which may be considered conservative today, it was found that 19% of Swedish patients were referred for coronary revascularisation judged inappropriate. Since some cardiovascular procedures evolve rapidly, the proportion of patients referred for inappropriate indications today remains unknown. Nevertheless, physicians should actively identify those patients who will and will not benefit from coronary revascularisation and ensure that they are appropriately treated.

Published
1999

18. Determinants of Emergency Department Use: Are Race and Ethnicity Important?

Author

Baker, D.W., Stevens, C.D., and Brook, R.H.

Abstract

Study objective: To determine whether race/ethnicity is an important determinant of emergency department use. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a public ED to determine self-reported ED visits over the preceding 3 months. The study group comprised consecutive ambulatory patients (N=1,049) with nonemergency medical problems. Results: Blacks, whites, and Hispanics were equally likely to report one or more visits to an ED in the 3 months before study enrollment. Blacks were the most likely to report two or more ED visits in the preceding 3 months (19.0%), followed by whites (13.5%) and Hispanics (11.4%) (P=.01; unadjusted odds ratio, 1.82 for blacks versus Hispanics). In multivariate analysis, older age (P<.001), health insurance coverage (P<.001), regular source of care (P<.001), and difficulty obtaining transportation to a physician's office (P=.011) were positively associated with two or more previous ED visits. After adjustment for these variables, race/ ethnicity was not significantly associated with ED use (P=.23; adjusted odds ratio for blacks versus Hispanics, 1.48 [95% confidence interval, .95 to 2.30]). Conclusion: Race/ethnicity was not an important determinant of ED use after adjustment for age, health insurance coverage, regular source of care, and barriers to health care. Population-based studies of ED use should be conducted to further evaluate whether racial/ethnic differences in ED use exist that are not explained by differences in demographics, health, socioeconomic status, access to care, or other determinants of ED use. [Baker DW, Stevens CD, Brook RH: Determinants of emergency department use: Are race and ethnicity important? Ann Emerg Med December 1996;28:677-682.]

Published
1996
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19. The appropriateness of intention to treat decisions for invasive therapy in coronary artery disease in The Netherlands

Author

Meijler, A.P., Rigter, H., Scholma, J.K., McDonnell, J., Breeman, A., Bernstein, S.J., Kosecoff, J.B., and Brook, R.H.

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the appropriateness of intention to treat decisions concerning coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for patients with coronary artery disease in The Netherlands.DesignProspective study of intention to treat decisions using a computerised expert system.Setting"Presentation" sessions in 10 tertiary referral heart centres in 1992.Patients3207 consecutive patients: 1618 CABG and 1589 PTCA candidates.Main outcome measurePercentage of invasive treatment decisions rated appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate by the expert system.ResultsPTCA decisions were common for patients with one-vessel disease and CABG decisions for patients with three-vessel and left main disease. PTCA decisions outnumbered CABG decisions in acute myocardial infarction. Of CABG decisions, 84% were rated appropriate, 12% uncertain, and 4% inappropriate. The proportions for PTCA decisions were 39% appropriate, 31% uncertain, and 29% inappropriate. Type C lesion was the main determinant of inappropriateness of PTCA decisions. If type C lesions were downgraded to type A/B lesions the rate of inappropriate PTCA decisions dropped to 6%.ConclusionsClinicians in tertiary referral centres in The Netherlands favoured CABG if vessel disease was extensive or involved the left main artery, and PTCA for patients with less extensive disease and with acute myocardial infarction. Few CABG decisions were inappropriate. The main determinant of inappropriateness of PTCA decisions was its intended use in patients with type C lesions.

Published
1997

20. Adapting practice patterns to a managed care environment: Carotid endarterectomy-A case example

Author

Brook, R.H.

Abstract

The way American medicine is practiced is changing rapidly. By the beginning of the next century, most Americans may be enrolled in for-profit managed care plans in which physicians are responsible for both a budget and a population of patients. As health care is revolutionized, the overriding issue is whether the mission of health care organizations will be simply to contain costs, or whether it will be to increase the value (i.e., the quality) that we get for the money we are willing to spend on health care. The purpose of this article is to illustrate for carotid endarterectomy how quality can remain on the health care reform agenda. Vascular surgeons must assume a leadership role, and they must be willing to alter their practice patterns. More specifically, they should: (1) support and facilitate the development of clinically-detailed multispecialty criteria that describe under what circumstances carotid endarterectomy is both appropriate and necessary; (2) support the development of a system for publicly reporting outcome data by physician and hospital; (3) support regionalization of carotid endarterectomy; (4) conduct a prospective assessment of appropriateness before the procedure is performed; (5) consider changing the system by which carotid angiographies are read to increase their reliability; and (6) help develop a system to ensure that people who need carotid endarterectomy are offered the procedure. (J Vasc Surg 1996;23:913-7.)

Published
1996
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21. Reliability of panel-based guidelines for colonoscopy: an international comparison

Author

Burnand, B., Vader, J.P., Froehlich, F., Dupriez, K., Larequi-Lauber, T., Pache, I., Dubois, R.W., Brook, R.H., and Gonvers, J.J.

Abstract

Background: This study examined the reliability of explicit guidelines developed using the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method. Methods: The appropriateness of over 400 indications for colonoscopy was rated by two multispecialty expert panels (United States and Switzerland). A nine-point scale was used, which was consolidated into three categories of appropriateness: appropriate, uncertain, inappropriate. The distribution of appropriateness ratings between the two panels and the intrapanel and interpanel agreement for categories of appropriateness were calculated for all possible indications. Similar statistics were calculated for a series of 577 primary care patients referred for colonoscopy in Switzerland. Results: Over 80% of all indications (348) could be directly compared. The proportions of indications classified as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate were 28.4%, 24.7%, 46.6% and 33.0%, 23.0%, 44.0% for the U.S. and the Swiss panels, respectively. Interpanel agreement was excellent for all the possible indications (kappa value: 0.75) and lower for actual cases (kappa value: 0.51) because of lower agreement for the most frequently encountered indications. Conclusions: Good agreement between the two sets of criteria was found, pointing to the reliability of the method. Partial disagreement occurred essentially for a few, albeit frequently encountered, indications for use of colonoscopy in cases of uncomplicated lower abdominal pain or constipation. (Gastrointest Endosc 1998;47:162-6.)

Published
1998
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22. Weathering geochemistry of a paleudult in tropical Surinam

Author

Brook, R.H. and Van Schuylenborgh, J.

Abstract

Chemical analyses and mineral norm calculations of a Paleudult, situated on a dolerite dike, revealed that the soil was not derived from the dolerite but from schistose material that is found in adjacent areas and which has been deposited over the dolerite.

Published
1975
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23. Soil survey interpretation : an annotated bibliography : selected references 1972 - 1960

Author

Brook, R.H.

Subjects
International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, horizons, soil classification, soil suitability, landevaluatie, bodemclassificatie, bodemtypen, bibliographies, land evaluation, bodemgeschiktheid, bodemtaxonomie, soil types, horizonten, soil taxonomy, bibliografieën, bodemkarteringen, soil surveys
Published
1975

24. Toward Assessing Outcomes of Emergency Care

Author

Brook, R.H.

Abstract

Establishing the efficacy of emergency care for patients-what should or should not be done in the emergency department-requires patients to come to an ED under close-to-ideal situations, and on leaving the ED to be treated under ideal circumstances. Randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to answer the efficacy question. [Brook R: Toward assessing outcomes of emergency care. Ann Emerg Med March 1998;31:299-300.]

Published
1998
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