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In this article we examine the ways in which institutional stratification and academic labor segmentation contribute to shaping faculty collaborative activities. We draw on interviews from science and engineering faculty at two institutions in the United States to highlight how collaboration, as an essential form of academic labor, is shaped by institutional factors like resource stress and isomorphic pressures to fit the ideal of the "world-class" research-intensive university. The findings suggest that a university's relative position in the institutional status hierarchy has a significant impact on the types of resources faculty seeking to establish collaborations can access and mobilize, thus reinforcing existing patterns of institutional stratification where "striving" institutions can never catch up to their more prestigious peers. At the same time, the pressure to maximize institutional prestige can create paradoxical interinstitutional dynamics where seemingly successful "Mode 2" units that rely almost exclusively on external resources and partnerships with industry are expected to mold themselves more closely to the activity streams of traditional academic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epithelial cell line, RSMT[SUBx], has been established from the submandibular gland of weanling Fisher 344 rats by treatment of explanted tissue clumps with 3-methylocholanthrene. These cells exhibit a polygonal shape on light microscopy and a polar appearance, with desmosomes, terminal bar-like structures, surface microvilli and cytoplasmic interdigitations, when examined by electron microscopy. The cells react positively with an antiserum to cytoskeletal keratin, and a commercial monoclonal antibody to an "epithelial membrane antigen," An antiserum, prepared against early passage cells in hamsters, reacts primarily with ductal elements in tissue sections of submandibular gland, as does an antiserum prepared in mice with late passage cells. The cells are easily passaged and have been maintained for more than two years in continuous culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemically induced tumors of the rat submaxillary glands were tested for the presence of tumor antigens by in vitro leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity assays. Since it has been reported that the saliva of humans with oral cancer contains markedly elevated levels of secretory antibody, the rats' saliva specimens were also tested for blocking and/or potentiating ‘antibody’ activity. The results indicate that saliva from tumor-bearing animals potentiated tumor cell killing if either the tumor cells or leukocytes were pretreated. The effect was much more marked when tumor cells were pretreated. Furthermore, the addition of saliva to tumor cells imparted an immunologic cross reactivity which was not present with untreated tumor cells. Control saliva occasionally produced a similar effect, but not as consistently. or with the potency of saliva from tumor-bearing animals. Heat inactivation did not abrogate this potentiation. It is inferred that this may indicate a new system of immunologic surveillance, i.e. arming or potentiation of leukocytes by soluble tumor antigens in glandular secretions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method has been developed for the reproducible induction of rat salivary adeno-carcinomas. Conventional means were used to induce fibrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The three tumors were compared for their ability to grow in tissue culture and syngeneic irradiated hosts, Based on the evidence of this system, squamous cell carcinoma appears to show the least biologic activity of the three tumors, a fact which may he tentatively explained by a predominance of keratinizing rather than replicating cells in this tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined differences in behavioral autonomy age expectations between Mexican-origin mothers and their adolescent daughters (N = 319 dyads); variability in behavioral autonomy age expectations as a function of nativity and maternal educational attainment also was examined. Findings indicated significant differences between mothers and daughters, such that mothers reported later expectations for the timing of behavioral autonomy than did daughters. Follow-up analyses indicated that findings appeared to be driven by maternal nativity, with dyads comprised of Mexico-born mothers reporting the latest age expectations for behavioral autonomy when compared with dyads comprised of U.S. born mothers. Findings underscore the need to examine normative development among Latino adolescents and their families with a specific focus on how sociocultural characteristics can contribute to within-family differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study examined differences in behavioral autonomy age expectations between Mexican-origin mothers and their adolescent daughters (N = 319 dyads); variability in behavioral autonomy age expectations as a function of nativity and maternal educational attainment also was examined. Findings indicated significant differences between mothers and daughters, such that mothers reported later expectations for the timing of behavioral autonomy than did daughters. Follow-up analyses indicated that findings appeared to be driven by maternal nativity, with dyads comprised of Mexico-born mothers reporting the latest age expectations for behavioral autonomy when compared with dyads comprised of U.S. born mothers. Findings underscore the need to examine normative development among Latino adolescents and their families with a specific focus on how sociocultural characteristics can contribute to within-family differences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]