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2. Author Correction: Global diversity and biogeography of bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants

Author

Wu, Linwei, Ning, Daliang, Zhang, Bing, Li, Yong, Zhang, Ping, Shan, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Qiuting, Brown, Mathew Robert, Li, Zhenxin, Van Nostrand, Joy D, Ling, Fangqiong, Xiao, Naijia, Zhang, Ya, Vierheilig, Julia, Wells, George F, Yang, Yunfeng, Deng, Ye, Tu, Qichao, Wang, Aijie, Zhang, Tong, He, Zhili, Keller, Jurg, Nielsen, Per H, Alvarez, Pedro JJ, Criddle, Craig S, Wagner, Michael, Tiedje, James M, He, Qiang, Curtis, Thomas P, Stahl, David A, Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa, Rittmann, Bruce E, Wen, Xianghua, and Zhou, Jizhong

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Global Water Microbiome Consortium, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019

3. Global diversity and biogeography of bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants

Author

Wu, Linwei, Ning, Daliang, Zhang, Bing, Li, Yong, Zhang, Ping, Shan, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Qiuting, Brown, Mathew Robert, Li, Zhenxin, Van Nostrand, Joy D, Ling, Fangqiong, Xiao, Naijia, Zhang, Ya, Vierheilig, Julia, Wells, George F, Yang, Yunfeng, Deng, Ye, Tu, Qichao, Wang, Aijie, Zhang, Tong, He, Zhili, Keller, Jurg, Nielsen, Per H, Alvarez, Pedro JJ, Criddle, Craig S, Wagner, Michael, Tiedje, James M, He, Qiang, Curtis, Thomas P, Stahl, David A, Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa, Rittmann, Bruce E, Wen, Xianghua, and Zhou, Jizhong

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Infection, Bacteria, Biodiversity, DNA, Bacterial, Geography, Microbiota, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sewage, Water Purification, Global Water Microbiome Consortium, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for water purification to protect public and environmental health. However, the diversity of microorganisms and the factors that control it are poorly understood. Using a systematic global-sampling effort, we analysed the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from ~1,200 activated sludge samples taken from 269 WWTPs in 23 countries on 6 continents. Our analyses revealed that the global activated sludge bacterial communities contain ~1 billion bacterial phylotypes with a Poisson lognormal diversity distribution. Despite this high diversity, activated sludge has a small, global core bacterial community (n = 28 operational taxonomic units) that is strongly linked to activated sludge performance. Meta-analyses with global datasets associate the activated sludge microbiomes most closely to freshwater populations. In contrast to macroorganism diversity, activated sludge bacterial communities show no latitudinal gradient. Furthermore, their spatial turnover is scale-dependent and appears to be largely driven by stochastic processes (dispersal and drift), although deterministic factors (temperature and organic input) are also important. Our findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of the global diversity and biogeography of activated sludge bacterial communities within a theoretical ecology framework and have important implications for microbial ecology and wastewater treatment processes.

Published
2019

5. Virus dynamics and their interactions with microbial communities and ecosystem functions in engineered systems

Author

Brown, Mathew Robert

Subjects
628.3
Abstract

Climate change, population growth and increasingly strict environmental regulation means the global water industry is currently facing an unprecedented coincidence of challenges (Palmer, 2010). Better microbial ecology could significantly contribute, since explicitly engineering and maintaining efficient and functionally stable microbial communities would allow existing assets to be optimised and their robustness improved. Given its role in natural systems viral infection could be an important, yet overlooked, factor. Here we attempt to address this lacuna, particularly within activated sludge systems. To facilitate this process we developed, optimised and validated a flow cytometry method, allowing rapid (relative to other methods), accurate and highly reproducible quantification of total free viruses in activated sludge samples (mixed liquor (ML)). Its use spatially identified viruses are highly abundant, with concentrations ranging from 0.59 - 5.14 × 109 viruses mL-1 across 25 activated sludge plants. Subsequently we applied this method to ML collected from one full- and twelve replicate lab-scale activated sludge systems respectively. At both scales viruses in the ML were shown to be both abundant and temporally/spatiotemporally dynamic, thus ever present across activated sludge systems. Through statistical inference they were shown to be associated (positively) with total host (bacterial) abundance, with microbial community structure and with a systems function (the removal of COD and NH4 + -N from influent wastewaters), whilst exogenous factors, particularly those involved in adsorption processes, played an important role in their dynamics. Evidence of predator-prey dynamics between a subset of measured viruses and a key functional group (ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB)) within the full-scale system is also presented, whilst a detailed examination of all garnered abundances highlights the relative abundance of viruses, as reported in marine systems, declined with increasing host density. Finally preliminary metagenomic data shows wastewater viromes are largely phylogenetically and functionally uncharacterised, yet relative abundances of known viruses vary throughout the wastewater treatment stream. Considering the evidence presented viruses appear to play a more central role in the dynamics of activated sludge systems than hitherto realised and thus should be considered more frequently when assessing the key factors governing bacterial abundance, community composition and functional stability.

Published
2019

8. Understanding and managing uncertainty and variability for wastewater monitoring beyond the pandemic: Lessons learned from the United Kingdom national COVID-19 surveillance programmes

Author

Wade, Matthew J., Lo Jacomo, Anna, Armenise, Elena, Brown, Mathew R., Bunce, Joshua T., Cameron, Graeme J., Fang, Zhou, Farkas, Kata, Gilpin, Deidre F., Graham, David W., Grimsley, Jasmine M.S., Hart, Alwyn, Hoffmann, Till, Jackson, Katherine J., Jones, David L., Lilley, Chris J., McGrath, John W., McKinley, Jennifer M., McSparron, Cormac, Nejad, Behnam F., Morvan, Mario, Quintela-Baluja, Marcos, Roberts, Adrian M.I., Singer, Andrew C., Souque, Célia, Speight, Vanessa L., Sweetapple, Chris, Walker, David, Watts, Glenn, Weightman, Andrew, and Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara

Published
2022
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10. Differences in biomechanical determinants of ACL injury risk in change of direction tasks between males and females: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Donelon, Thomas A, Edwards, Jamie, Brown, Mathew, Jones, Paul A, O’Driscoll, Jamie, Dos’Santos, Thomas, Donelon, Thomas A, Edwards, Jamie, Brown, Mathew, Jones, Paul A, O’Driscoll, Jamie, and Dos’Santos, Thomas

Abstract

Background Change of direction (COD) movements are associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in multidirectional sports. Females appear at increased risk compared to males, which could be attributable to whole body kinematic strategies and greater multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) during COD which can increase ACL loading. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively synthesise the evidence for differences between males and females regarding KJLs and their biomechanical determinants (whole body kinematic strategies determining KJLs) during COD tasks. Methods Databases including SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched (July 2021–June 2023) for studies that compared differences in knee joint loads and biomechanical determinants of KJLs during COD between males and females. Inclusion criteria were: (1) females and males with no prior history of ACL injury (18–40 years); (2) examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs and/ or KJLs during COD tasks > 20°; (3) compared ≥ 1 outcome measure between males and females. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 examining a cutting task > 20° with a preceding approach run that compared KJLs or the whole body multiplanar kinematics associated with them, between sexes, using three-dimensional motion analysis. Results This meta-analysis included 17 studies with a pooled sample size of 451 participants (227 males, 224 females). Meta-analysis revealed females displayed significantly less peak knee flexion during stance (SMD: 0.374, 95% CI 0.098–0.649, p = 0.008, I2: 0%); greater knee abduction at initial contact (IC) (SMD: 0.687, 95% CI 0.299–1.076, p = 0.001, I2: 55%); less hip internal rotation (SMD: 0.437, 95% CI 0.134–0.741, p = 0.005, I2: 34%) and hip abduction at IC (SMD: −0.454, 95% CI 0.151–0.758, p = 0.003, I2: 33%). No significant differences were observed between males and females for any internal or externally appl

Published
2024

12. Biomechanical analysis of flatwater sprint kayaking

Author

Brown, Mathew Ben

Subjects
612.76, GV557 Sports, QP Physiology
Abstract

Flatwater sprint kayaking performance can be assessed through the analyses of average boat velocity a paddler can produce, which has been shown to be directly linked to the levels of force production. Furthermore kayaking has been the subject of substantial level of investigation, within which research has identified that the evolution of equipment and resultantly technique has a direct effect on performance. The focus of the previous research has revolved around the upper limbs, with the trunk and lower limbs viewed as an inconsequential base around which the upper limbs move. Therefore the current thesis attempts to identify the application of the entire body during kayak paddling and clarify the importance of trunk and leg contributions to performance. A notational analysis of technique was conducted comparing novice, national and international level paddlers. International paddlers displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower race and stroke times, as a result of significantly higher stroke rates. In addition aspects of technique were ranked from zero to five from which international paddlers displayed significantly (P < 0.05) greater trunk rotation, leg motion, stroke width, and forward reach. These findings were supplemented by the international paddlers entering the paddle significantly closer to the centre line of the kayak, while holding a fixed forward lean position of the trunk. These findings provide important factors within technique that can be identified visually; however further investigation was required to identify their importance in the development of force and kayak velocity. Consequently the development of an on-water analysis system was required to ensure a comprehensive analysis of technique. This was conducted through the combination of kinetic, 3-demensional kinematic, electromyographic and electrogoniometric analysis methods, using subjects (n = 8) with international experience. Subjects were prepared with passive surface electrodes and joint markers, and completed the testing protocol following completion of informed consent and a medical questionnaire. Statistical analysis identified that a moderate positive significant predictive relationship (R1= 0.529, P<0.05) existed between peak force and mean velocity during the left paddle stroke. Separating the trunk into thoracic and lumbar regions revealed a significant negative predictive relationship (P < 0.05) between velocity and range of lumbar spine rotation. Further significant (P < 0.05) findings were identified between activation levels of the rectus abdominus, external obliques and the production of force and velocity. The combination of these findings indicated that the lower trunk acted as a strong stable base against which force was produced increasing average kayak velocity. The activation of the left rectus femoris displayed significant relationships (P < 0.05) with force and velocity during both left and right strokes; indicating that the legs act as braces against which the force is transferred to the kayak. These findings reinforced those identified during the notational analysis, indicating that the legs and trunk play a fundamental role within the development of kayak velocity and therefore performance. It is therefore important that paddlers ensure that the musculature of the trunk and legs are used during performance and that the vital axial rotations occurring in the spine are produced in the thoracic region.

Published
2009

13. Radiative forcing of natural forest disturbances

Author

O'Halloran, Thomas L, Law, Beverly E, Goulden, Michael L, Wang, Zhuosen, Barr, Jordan G, Schaaf, Crystal, Brown, Mathew, Fuentes, José D, Göckede, Mathias, Black, Andrew, and Engel, Vic

Subjects
Life on Land, Climate Action, albedo, beetles, carbon, disturbance, fire, forests, hurricane, radiative forcing, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Forest disturbances are major sources of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and therefore impact global climate. Biogeophysical attributes, such as surface albedo (reflectivity), further control the climate-regulating properties of forests. Using both tower-based and remotely sensed data sets, we show that natural disturbances from wildfire, beetle outbreaks, and hurricane wind throw can significantly alter surface albedo, and the associated radiative forcing either offsets or enhances the CO 2 forcing caused by reducing ecosystem carbon sequestration over multiple years. In the examined cases, the radiative forcing from albedo change is on the same order of magnitude as the CO 2 forcing. The net radiative forcing resulting from these two factors leads to a local heating effect in a hurricane-damaged mangrove forest in the subtropics, and a cooling effect following wildfire and mountain pine beetle attack in boreal forests with winter snow. Although natural forest disturbances currently represent less than half of gross forest cover loss, that area will probably increase in the future under climate change, making it imperative to represent these processes accurately in global climate models. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2012

15. Wastewater monitoring for detection of public health markers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Near-source monitoring of schools in England over an academic year

Author

Hassard, Francis, primary, Vu, Milan, additional, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, additional, Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, additional, Stanton, Isobel, additional, Burczynska, Beata, additional, Wildeboer, Dirk, additional, Baio, Gianluca, additional, Brown, Mathew R., additional, Garelick, Hemda, additional, Hofman, Jan, additional, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Priest, Sally, additional, Denise, Hubert, additional, Khalifa, Mohammad, additional, Bassano, Irene, additional, Wade, Matthew J., additional, Grimsley, Jasmine, additional, Lundy, Lian, additional, Singer, Andrew C., additional, and Di Cesare, Mariachiara, additional

Published
2023
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16. Wastewater monitoring for detection of public health markers during the COVID-19 pandemic: near-source monitoring of schools in England over an academic year

Author

Hassard, Francis, Vu, Milan, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, Stanton, Isobel, Burczynska, Beata, Wildeboer, Dirk, Baio, Gianluca, Brown, Mathew R., Garelick, Hemda, Hofman, Jan, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, Majeed, Azeem, Priest, Sally, Denise, Hubert, Khalifa, Mohammad, Bassano, Irene, Wade, Matthew J., Grimsley, Jasmine, Lundy, Lian, Singer, Andrew C., and Di Cesare, Mariachiara

Subjects
Health
Abstract

Background: Schools are high-risk settings for infectious disease transmission. Wastewater monitoring for infectious diseases has been used to identify and mitigate outbreaks in many near-source settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, including universities and hospitals but less is known about the technology when applied for school health protection. This study aimed to implement a wastewater surveillance system to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other public health markers from wastewater in schools in England. Methods: A total of 855 wastewater samples were collected from 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) over 10 months of school term time. Wastewater was analysed for SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies of N1 and E genes by RT-qPCR. A subset of wastewater samples was sent for genomic sequencing, enabling determination of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of variant(s) contributing to COVID-19 infections within schools. In total, >280 microbial pathogens and >1200 AMR genes were screened using RT-qPCR and metagenomics to consider the utility of these additional targets to further inform on health threats within the schools. Results: We report on wastewater-based surveillance for COVID-19 within English primary, secondary and further education schools over a full academic year (October 2020 to July 2021). The highest positivity rate (80.4%) was observed in the week commencing 30th November 2020 during the emergence of the Alpha variant, indicating most schools contained people who were shedding the virus. There was high SARS-CoV-2 amplicon concentration (up to 9.2x106 GC/L) detected over the summer term (8th June - 6th July 2021) during Delta variant prevalence. The summer increase of SARS-CoV-2 in school wastewater was reflected in age-specific clinical COVID-19 cases. Alpha variant and Delta variant were identified in the wastewater by sequencing of samples collected from December to March and June to July, respectively. Lead/lag analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in school and WWTP data sets show a maximum correlation between the two-time series when school data are lagged by two weeks. Furthermore, wastewater sample enrichment coupled with metagenomic sequencing and rapid informatics enabled the detection of other clinically relevant viral and bacterial pathogens and AMR. Conclusions: Passive wastewater monitoring surveillance in schools can identify cases of COVID-19. Samples can be sequenced to monitor for emerging and current variants of concern at the resolution of school catchments. Wastewater based monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 is a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 passive surveillance and could be applied for case identification and containment, and mitigation in schools and other congregate settings with high risks of transmission. Wastewater monitoring enables public health authorities to develop targeted prevention and education programmes for hygiene measures within undertested communities across a broad range of use cases.

Published
2023

17. Contribution of Trunk Rotation and Abdominal Muscles to Sprint Kayak Performance.

Author

Brown, Mathew B., Peters, Russell, and Lauder, Mike A.

Abstract

Over the past two decades the importance of trunk contribution to sporting performance has been highlighted through the expanse of literature concerning core stability and strength. However, the role of trunk motion and the abdominal muscles are yet to be established during sprint kayak performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations among trunk rotation, kayak velocity, and abdominal muscle activity during on-water sprint kayaking. Eight international paddlers completed five 150 m sprint trials. During each trial peak muscle activation (peak rootmean-squared electromyogram) of the latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominus, external obliques and rectus femoris for ipsilateral (stroke side) and contralateral (opposite side) were recorded as the paddler passed through a 5-m calibrated volume, in conjunction with upper and lower trunk rotation and kayak velocity. Results indicated a significant strong negative relationship between lower trunk rotation and peak velocity (r = -0.684, p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant strong positive relationship (p < 0.05) with mean velocity was identified for the contralateral rectus abdominus and multiple significant associations between the rectus femoris, rectus abdominus and external obliques during the paddle stroke. Findings indicate that limiting the rotation of the lower trunk will increase both the peak and the mean velocity, with the rectus abdominus, external oblique and rectus femoris combining to assist in this process. Training should therefore focus on developing the strength of these muscle groups to enhance performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Rapid Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Associated Mutations in Wastewater Using Real-Time RT-PCR

Author

Farkas, Kata, primary, Pellett, Cameron, additional, Williams, Rachel, additional, Alex-Sanders, Natasha, additional, Bassano, Irene, additional, Brown, Mathew R., additional, Denise, Hubert, additional, Grimsley, Jasmine M. S., additional, Kevill, Jessica L., additional, Khalifa, Mohammad S., additional, Pântea, Igor, additional, Story, Rich, additional, Wade, Matthew J., additional, Woodhall, Nick, additional, and Jones, Davey L., additional

Published
2023
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19. Comparison of multiple whole-genome andSpike-only sequencing protocols for estimating variant frequencies via wastewater-based epidemiology

Author

Winder, Lucy A., primary, Parsons, Paul, additional, Horsburgh, Gavin, additional, Maher, Kathryn, additional, Hipperson, Helen, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Jeffries, Aaron R., additional, Brown, Mathew R., additional, Fairbrother-Browne, Aine, additional, Denise, Hubert, additional, Khalifa, Mohammad S., additional, Bassano, Irene, additional, van Aerle, Ronny, additional, Williams, Rachel, additional, Farcas, Kata, additional, Paterson, Steve, additional, Blackwell, Paul G., additional, and Burke, Terry, additional

Published
2022
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20. Center of Pressure, Vertical Ground Reaction Forces, and Neuromuscular Responses of Special-Forces Soldiers to 43-km Load Carriage in the Field.

Author

Scales, James, O'Driscoll, Jamie M., Coleman, Damian, Giannoglou, Dimitrios, Gkougkoulis, Ioannis, Ntontis, Ilias, Zisopoulou, Chrisoula, and Brown, Mathew

Subjects
BODY weight, TASK performance, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, JUMPING, GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics), MILITARY personnel, WEIGHT-bearing (Orthopedics)
Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to examine lateral deviations in center of pressure as a result of an extreme-duration load carriage task, with particular focus on heel contact. A total of 20 (n = 17males and n = 3 females) soldiers froma special operation forces unit (body mass 80.72 [21.49] kg, stature 178.25 [8.75] cm, age 26 [9] y) underwent gait plantar pressure assessment and vertical jump testing before and after a 43-km load carriage event (duration 817.02 [32.66] min) carrying a total external load of 29.80 (1.05) kg. Vertical jump height decreased by 18.62% (16.85%) from 0.30 (0.08) to 0.24 (0.07) m, P < .001. Loading peak and midstance force minimum were significantly increased after load carriage (2.59 [0.51] vs 2.81 [0.61] body weight, P = .035, Glass delta = 0.44 and 1.28 [0.40] vs 1.46 [0.41] body weight, P = .015, Glass delta = 0.45, respectively) and increases in lateral center of pressure displacement were observed as a result of the load carriage task 14.64 (3.62) to 16.97 (3.94) mm, P < .029. In conclusion, load carriage instigated a decrease in neuromuscular function alongside increases in ground reaction forces associated with injury risk and center of pressure changes associated with ankle sprain risk. Practitioners should consider that possible reductions in ankle stability remain once load carriage has been completed, suggesting soldiers are still at increased risk of injury even once the load has been removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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24. Evaluation of variant calling algorithms for wastewater-based epidemiology using mixed populations of SARS-CoV-2 variants in synthetic and wastewater samples

Author

Bassano, Irene, primary, Ramachandran, Vinoy K., additional, Khalifa, Mohammad S., additional, Lilley, Chris J., additional, Brown, Mathew R., additional, van Aerle, Ronny, additional, Denise, Hubert, additional, Rowe, William, additional, George, Airey, additional, Cairns, Edward, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Pickwell, Natalie D., additional, Wilson, Myles, additional, Carlile, Matthew, additional, Holmes, Nadine, additional, Payne, Alexander, additional, Loose, Matthew, additional, Burke, Terry A., additional, Paterson, Steve, additional, Wade, Matthew J., additional, and Grimsley, Jasmine M.S., additional

Published
2022
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27. Wastewater Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England: Demonstration Case Study for Bristol (Dec 2020 - March 2021) Summary for SAGE 08/04/21

Author

Brown, Mathew R, Wade, Matthew J, Mcintyre-Nolan, Shannon, Bassano, Irene, Denise, Hubert, Bass, David, Bentley, John, Bunce, Joshua T, Grimsley, Jasmine, Hart, Alwyn, Hoffmann, Till, Jeffries, Aaron, Paterson, Steve, Pollock, Mark, Porter, Jonathan, Smith, David, Van Aerle, Ronny, Watts, Glenn, Engeli, Andrew, and Henderson, Gideon

Published
2021
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28. Understanding and managing uncertainty and variability for wastewater monitoring beyond the pandemic: Lessons learned from the United Kingdom National COVID-19 Surveillance Programmes

Author

Wade, Matthew, primary, Lo Jacomo, Anna, additional, Armenise, Elena, additional, Brown, Mathew, additional, Bunce, Joshua, additional, Cameron, Graeme, additional, Fang, Zhou, additional, Farkas, Kata, additional, Gilpin, Deidre, additional, Graham, David, additional, Grimsley, Jasmine, additional, Hart, Alwyn, additional, Hoffmann, Till, additional, Jackson, Katherine, additional, Jones, David, additional, Lilley, Chris, additional, McGrath, John, additional, McKinley, Jennifer, additional, McSparron, Cormac, additional, Firoozi Nejad, Behnam, additional, Morvan, Mario, additional, Quintela-Baluja, Marcos, additional, Roberts, Adrian, additional, Singer, Andrew, additional, Souque, Célia, additional, Speight, Vanessa, additional, Sweetapple, Chris, additional, Watts, Glenn, additional, Weightman, Andrew, additional, and Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, additional

Published
2021
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29. Energy cost and knee extensor strength changes following multiple day military load carriage

Author

Coleman Damian, Scales James, and Brown Mathew

Subjects
Load carriage, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple days, Knee Joint, Knee extensors, business.industry, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Walking, Military Personnel, Carriage, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Torque, Afterload, Energy cost, medicine, Humans, Knee, Analysis of variance, Treadmill, Muscle, Skeletal, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Military exercises and recruit training requires soldiers, including new recruits, to undergo multiple days of substantial physical stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological impact of multiple days of military load carriage by addressing the hypothesis: A second day of load carriage increases oxygen uptake and reduces knee extensor torque compared to a single day of load carriage. A load carriage group (n = 12) (carrying 32 kg) and unloaded group (n = 14) walked on a treadmill for 2 h on two consecutive days. Knee extensor and flexor torque were assessed by dynamometry at speeds of: 0°·s−1,60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1 before and after load carriage on day one and two, and 24 h following day 2. Oxygen uptake was assessed via respiratory gas assessment at the 6th and 119th minute of load carriage on day one and two. When assessed by mixed methods ANOVA (alpha: 0.05), an interaction effect was observed for oxygen uptake (p

Published
2021
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31. Mortality from COVID-19 in 12 countries and 6 states of the United States

Author

Brown, Patrick, primary, Rai, Kamal, additional, Vecchia, Carlo La, additional, Rodriguez, Peter S, additional, Qu, Kathleen, additional, Brown, Mathew G, additional, Shin, Hwashin Hyun, additional, Tang, Xuyang, additional, Newcombe, Leslie, additional, Suraweera, Wilson, additional, Schultz, Craig, additional, Bogoch, Isaac, additional, Gelband, Hellen, additional, Nagelkerke, Nico, additional, and Jha, Prabhat, additional

Published
2020
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33. Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

Author

Donelon, Thomas A, Dos’Santos, Thomas, Pitchers, Guy, Brown, Mathew, Jones, Paul A, Donelon, Thomas A, Dos’Santos, Thomas, Pitchers, Guy, Brown, Mathew, and Jones, Paul A

Abstract

Background Cutting actions are associated with non-contact ACL injuries in multidirectional sports due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) that have the capacity to increase ACL loading and strain. Numerous studies have investigated the biomechanical determinants of KJLs in cutting tasks. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively review the literature regarding biomechanical determinants of KJLs during cutting, in order to develop a cutting technical framework alongside training recommendations for practitioners regarding KJL mitigation. Methods Databases (SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and PubMed) were systematically searched using a combination of the following terms: “Biomechanical determinants”, or “Knee abduction moment”, or “Technical determinants”, or “Knee loading”, or “Knee loads”, or “Mechanical determinants”, or “ACL strain”, or “Knee adduction moment”, or “Anterior tibial shear”, or “Knee internal rotation moment”, or “Knee valgus moment” AND “Change of direction”, or “Cutting manoeuvre”, or “Run and cut”, or “Run-and-cut”, or “Sidestepping”, or “Side-stepping”, or “Shuttle run”. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies examining a cutting task < 110° with a preceding approach run that examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs using three-dimensional motion analysis. Results The search returned 6404 possibly eligible articles, and 6 identified through other sources. Following duplicate removal, 4421 titles and abstracts were screened, leaving 246 full texts to be screened for inclusion. Twenty-three full texts were deemed eligible for inclusion and identified numerous determinants of KJLs; 11 trunk, 11 hip, 7 knee, 3 multiplanar KJLs, 5 foot/ankle and 7 identifying ground reaction forces (GRFs) as determinants of KJLs. Conclusion Using the framework developed from the results, cutting KJLs can be mitigated through the following: reducing lateral foot-plant distances, thus lowering hip abduction and ori

Published
2020

36. Author Correction: Global diversity and biogeography of bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants (Nature Microbiology, (2019), 4, 7, (1183-1195), 10.1038/s41564-019-0426-5)

Author

Wu, Linwei, Ning, Daliang, Zhang, Bing, Li, Yong, Zhang, Ping, Shan, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Qiuting, Brown, Mathew Robert, Li, Zhenxin, Van Nostrand, Joy D., Ling, Fangqiong, Xiao, Naijia, Zhang, Ya, Vierheilig, Julia, Wells, George F., Yang, Yunfeng, Deng, Ye, Tu, Qichao, Wang, Aijie, Acevedo, Dany, Agullo-Barcelo, Miriam, Alvarez, Pedro J.J., Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa, Andersen, Gary L., de Araujo, Juliana Calabria, Boehnke, Kevin F., Bond, Philip, Bott, Charles B., Bovio, Patricia, Brewster, Rebecca K., Bux, Faizal, Cabezas, Angela, Cabrol, Léa, Chen, Si, Criddle, Craig S., Etchebehere, Claudia, Ford, Amanda, Frigon, Dominic, Sanabria, Janeth, Griffin, James S., Gu, April Z., Habagil, Moshe, Hale, Lauren, Hardeman, Steven D., Harmon, Marc, Horn, Harald, Hu, Zhiqiang, Jauffur, Shameem, Johnson, David R., Keller, Jurg, Keucken, Alexander, Kumari, Sheena, Leal, Cintia Dutra, Lebrun, Laura A., Lee, Jangho, Lee, Minjoo, Lee, Zarraz M.P., Li, Mengyan, Li, Xu, Liu, Yu, Luthy, Richard G., Mendonça-Hagler, Leda C., de Menezes, Francisca Gleire Rodriguez, Meyers, Arthur J., Mohebbi, Amin, Nielsen, Per H., Oehmen, Adrian, Palmer, Andrew, Parameswaran, Prathap, Park, Joonhong, Patsch, Deborah, Reginatto, Valeria, de los Reyes, Francis L., Rittmann, Bruce E., Noyola, Adalberto, Rossetti, Simona, Sidhu, Jatinder, Sloan, William T., Smith, Kylie, de Sousa, Oscarina Viana, Stahl, David A., Stephens, Kyle, Tian, Renmao, Tiedje, James M., Tooker, Nicholas B., De los Cobos Vasconcelos, Daniel, Wagner, Michael, Wakelin, Steve, Wang, Bei, and Weaver, Joseph E.

Subjects
microbiome, activated sludge, wastewater treatment plants, bacterial communities
Abstract

In the version of this Article originally published, the name of the author 'Mathew Robert Brown' was incorrectly written as 'Mathew Brown' in the main author list and as 'Matthew Brown' in the Global Water Microbiome Consortium list. In addition, in the Global Water Microbiome Consortium list, the names of the authors 'Kevin F. Boehnke', 'Janeth Sanabria' and 'Adalberto Noyola' were incorrectly written as 'Kevin Boehnke', 'Janeth Sanabria Gómez' and 'Adalberto Noyola Robles', respectively. The names have now been corrected and the author initials in the author contributions section updated accordingly.

Published
2019
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37. Mosquitoborne infections after Hurricane Jeanne, Haiti, 2004

Author

Beatty, Mark E., Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Long, Earl, Schurch, Julia, Jain, Seema, Colindres, Rom, Lerebours, Gerald, Bernard, Yves-Marie, Dobbins, James Goodman, Brown, Mathew, and Clark, Gary G.

Subjects
Hurricane Jeanne, 2004 -- Health aspects, Communicable diseases -- Development and progression, Communicable diseases -- Risk factors, Communicable diseases -- Care and treatment, Haiti -- Health aspects
Abstract

After Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004, surveillance for mosquitoborne diseases in Gonaives, Haiti, identified 3 patients with malaria, 2 with acute dengue infections, and 2 with acute West Nile virus [...]

Published
2007

38. Global diversity and biogeography of bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants

Author

Wu, Linwei, Ning, Daliang, Zhang, Bing, Li, Yong, Zhang, Ping, Shan, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Qiuting, Brown, Mathew, Li, Zhenxin, Van Nostrand, Joy D., Ling, Fangqiong, Xiao, Naijia, Zhang, Ya, Vierheilig, Julia, Wells, George F., Yang, Yunfeng, Deng, Ye, Tu, Qichao, Wang, Aijie, Zhang, Tong, He, Zhili, Keller, Jurg, Nielsen, Per H., Alvarez, Pedro J.J., Criddle, Craig S., Wagner, Michael, Tiedje, James M., He, Qiang, Curtis, Thomas P., Stahl, David A., Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa, Rittmann, Bruce E., Wen, Xianghua, Zhou, Jizhong, Acevedo, Dany, Agullo-Barcelo, Miriam, Andersen, Gary L., de Araujo, Juliana Calabria, Boehnke, Kevin, Bond, Philip, Bott, Charles B., Bovio, Patricia, Brewster, Rebecca K., Bux, Faizal, Cabezas, Angela, Cabrol, Léa, Chen, Si, Etchebehere, Claudia, Ford, Amanda, Frigon, Dominic, Gómez, Janeth Sanabria, Griffin, James S., Gu, April Z., Habagil, Moshe, Hale, Lauren, Hardeman, Steven D., Harmon, Marc, Horn, Harald, Hu, Zhiqiang, Jauffur, Shameem, Johnson, David R., Keucken, Alexander, Kumari, Sheena, Leal, Cintia Dutra, Lebrun, Laura A., Lee, Jangho, Lee, Minjoo, Lee, Zarraz M.P., Li, Mengyan, Li, Xu, Liu, Yu, Luthy, Richard G., Mendonça-Hagler, Leda C., de Menezes, Francisca Gleire Rodriguez, Meyers, Arthur J., Mohebbi, Amin, Oehmen, Adrian, Palmer, Andrew, Parameswaran, Prathap, Park, Joonhong, Patsch, Deborah, Reginatto, Valeria, de los Reyes, Francis L., Noyola, Adalberto, Rossetti, Simona, Sidhu, Jatinder, Sloan, William T., Smith, Kylie, de Sousa, Oscarina Viana, Stephens, Kyle, Tian, Renmao, Tooker, Nicholas B., De los Cobos Vasconcelos, Daniel, Wakelin, Steve, Wang, Bei, Weaver, Joseph E., West, Stephanie, Wilmes, Paul, Woo, Sung Geun, Wu, Jer Horng, University of Oklahoma (OU), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), College of Resource and Environment Southwest University, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Northeastern Normal University, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), University of Vienna [Vienna], Northwestern University [Evanston], Shandong University, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Rice University [Houston], Stanford University, Michigan State University System, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], University of Washington [Seattle], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of California [Berkeley], and University of California

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Biodiversity, microbiome, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Global Water Microbiome Consortium, Wastewater treatment plants, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, activated sludge, 0303 health sciences, Geography, Sewage, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Microbiota, Bacterial, 6. Clean water, Wastewater, Medical Microbiology, Sewage treatment, Infection, Sequence Analysis, Microbiology (medical), DNA, Bacterial, 16S, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Immunology, BACTÉRIAS, Theoretical ecology, Microbiology, Water Purification, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, Ribosomal, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Species diversity, Cell Biology, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, bacterial communities, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Activated sludge, 13. Climate action, Biological dispersal, RNA, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for water purification to protect public and environmental health. However, the diversity of microorganisms and the factors that control it are poorly understood. Using a systematic global-sampling effort, we analysed the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from ~1,200 activated sludge samples taken from 269 WWTPs in 23 countries on 6 continents. Our analyses revealed that the global activated sludge bacterial communities contain ~1 billion bacterial phylotypes with a Poisson lognormal diversity distribution. Despite this high diversity, activated sludge has a small, global core bacterial community (n = 28 operational taxonomic units) that is strongly linked to activated sludge performance. Meta-analyses with global datasets associate the activated sludge microbiomes most closely to freshwater populations. In contrast to macroorganism diversity, activated sludge bacterial communities show no latitudinal gradient. Furthermore, their spatial turnover is scale-dependent and appears to be largely driven by stochastic processes (dispersal and drift), although deterministic factors (temperature and organic input) are also important. Our findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of the global diversity and biogeography of activated sludge bacterial communities within a theoretical ecology framework and have important implications for microbial ecology and wastewater treatment processes.

Published
2018
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39. Partial swing golf shots: scaled from full swing or independent technique?

Author

Todd, Samuel D., Wiles, Jonathan D., Coleman, Damian A., and Brown, Mathew B.

Subjects
TORSO physiology, BIOMECHANICS, DYNAMICS, GOLF, KINEMATICS, ROTATIONAL motion, BODY movement, REPEATED measures design, MOTION capture (Human mechanics)
Abstract

During practice and competition, golfers are required to use submaximal effort to hit the ball a given distance, i.e., perform a partial shot. While the full golf swing has undergone extensive research, little has addressed partial shots and the biomechanical modifications golfers employ. This study investigates the biomechanical changes between full and partial swings, and determines if the partial swing is a scaled version of the full swing. Using a repeated measures design, 13 male golfers completed a minimum of 10 swings in the full and partial swing conditions, whilst club, ball, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were recorded. Large and statistically significant reductions in body motion (centre of pressure ellipse: 33.0%, p = 0.004, d = 2.26), combined with moderate reductions in lateral shift (25.5%, p = 0.004, d = 0.33) and smaller reductions in trunk rotation (arm to vertical at top of backswing: 14.1%, p = 0.002, d = 2.58) indicate golfers favour larger reductions in proximal measures, combined with diminished reductions as variables moved distally. Furthermore, the partial swing was not found to be a scaled version of the full swing implying a new approach to coaching practices might be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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42. HPO CODING IN PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS

Author

Samarghitean, Crina, Ziegenweidt, Julie Von, Brown, Mathew, Davis, John, Stark, Hannah, Simeoni, Ilenia, Megy, Karyn, Thaventhiran, James, Ouwehand, Willem, James, Roger, NIHR-BioResource-Rare Diseases Consortium, and Allen, Hana Lango

Published
2017
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43. Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes

Author

Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Bernard, Manon, Nauck, Matthias, Nöthen, Markus M., Olvera, Rene L, Pandolfo, Massimo, Pike, G Bruce, Puls, Ralf, Reinvang, Ivar, Rentería, Miguel E, Rietschel, Marcella, Roffman, Joshua L, Brown, Andrew A, Royle, Natalie A, Rujescu, Dan, Savitz, Jonathan, Schnack, Hugo G, Schnell, Knut, Seiferth, Nina, Smith, Colin, Steen, Vidar M, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, Van den Heuvel, Martijn, Cannon, Dara M, van der Wee, Nic J, Van Haren, Neeltje E M, Veltman, Joris A, Völzke, Henry, Walker, Robert, Westlye, Lars T, Whelan, Christopher D, Agartz, Ingrid, Boomsma, Dorret I, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M Mallar, Dale, Anders M, Djurovic, Srdjan, Drevets, Wayne C, Hagoort, Peter, Hall, Jeremy, Heinz, Andreas, Jack, Clifford R, Foroud, Tatiana M, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Macciardi, Fabio, Christoforou, Andrea, Montgomery, Grant W, Poline, Jean Baptiste, Porteous, David J, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Starr, John M, Sussmann, Jessika, Toga, Arthur W, Veltman, Dick J, Walter, Henrik, Weiner, Michael W, Domin, Martin, Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging, Consortium, EPIGEN, Consortium, IMAGEN, Group, Saguenay Youth Study, Bis, Joshua C, Ikram, M Arfan, Smith, Albert V, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Tzourio, Christophe, Vernooij, Meike W, Grimm, Oliver, Launer, Lenore J, DeCarli, Charles, Seshadri, Sudha, Consortium, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Bastin, Mark E, Blangero, John, Brunner, Han G, Buckner, Randy L, Hollinshead, Marisa, Cichon, Sven, Coppola, Giovanni, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Deary, Ian J, Donohoe, Gary, de Geus, Eco J C, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernández, Guillén, Glahn, David C, Grabe, Hans J, Holmes, Avram J, Hardy, John, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Jenkinson, Mark, Kahn, René S, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Francis J, McMahon, Katie L, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Morris, Derek W, Homuth, Georg, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nichols, Thomas E, Ophoff, Roel A, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Penninx, Brenda W, Potkin, Steven G, Sämann, Philipp G, Saykin, Andrew J, Schumann, Gunter, Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Smoller, Jordan W, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Martin, Nicholas G, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Thompson, Paul M, Consortium, Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis, Weiner, Michael, Aisen, Paul, Langan, Camilla, Petersen, Ronald, Jagust, William, Trojanowki, John Q, Beckett, Laurel, Green, Robert C, Morris, John, Liu, Enchi, Lopez, Lorna M, Montine, Tom, Gamst, Anthony, Thomas, Ronald G, Donohue, Michael, Walter, Sarah, Gessert, Devon, Sather, Tamie, Hansell, Narelle K, Harvey, Danielle, Kornak, John, Dale, Anders, Bernstein, Matthew, Felmlee, Joel, Fox, Nick, Hwang, Kristy S, Thompson, Paul, Schuff, Norbert, Alexander, Gene, Bandy, Dan, Koeppe, Robert A, Foster, Norm, Reiman, Eric M, Chen, Kewei, Mathis, Chet, Kim, Sungeun, Cairns, Nigel J, Taylor-Reinwald, Lisa, Trojanowki, J. Q., Shaw, Les, Lee, Virginia M Y, Korecka, Magdalena, Crawford, Karen, Neu, Scott, Laje, Gonzalo, Potkin, Steven, Shen, Li, Kachaturian, Zaven, Frank, Richard, Snyder, Peter J, Molchan, Susan, Kaye, Jeffrey, Quinn, Joseph, Lee, Phil H, Lind, Betty, Dolen, Sara, Schneider, Lon S, Pawluczyk, Sonia, Spann, Bryan M, Brewer, James, Vanderswag, Helen, Heidebrink, Judith L, Lord, Joanne L, Liu, Xinmin, Johnson, Kris, Doody, Rachelle S, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, Chowdhury, Munir, Stern, Yaakov, Honig, Lawrence S, Bell, Karen L, Morris, John C, Ances, Beau, Carroll, Maria, Loth, Eva, Leon, Sue, Mintun, Mark A, Schneider, Stacy, Marson, Daniel, Griffith, Randall, Clark, David, Grossman, Hillel, Mitsis, Effie, Romirowsky, Aliza, deToledo-Morrell, Leyla, Hibar, Derrek P, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Shah, Raj C, Duara, Ranjan, Varon, Daniel, Roberts, Peggy, Albert, Marilyn, Onyike, Chiadi, Kielb, Stephanie, Rusinek, Henry, de Leon, Mony J, Glodzik, Lidia, Mattingsdal, Morten, De Santi, Susan, Doraiswamy, P Murali, Petrella, Jeffrey R, Coleman, R Edward, Arnold, Steven E, Karlawish, Jason H, Wolk, David, Smith, Charles D, Jicha, Greg, Hardy, Peter, Mohnke, Sebastian, Lopez, Oscar L, Oakley, MaryAnn, Simpson, Donna M, Porsteinsson, Anton P, Goldstein, Bonnie S, Martin, Kim, Makino, Kelly M, Ismail, M Saleem, Mulnard, Ruth A, Thai, Gaby, Maniega, Susana Muñoz, Mc-Adams-Ortiz, Catherine, Womack, Kyle, Mathews, Dana, Quiceno, Mary, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, King, Richard, Weiner, Myron, Martin-Cook, Kristen, DeVous, Michael, Levey, Allan I, Nho, Kwangsik, Lah, James J, Cellar, Janet S, Burns, Jeffrey M, Anderson, Heather S, Swerdlow, Russell H, Apostolova, Liana, Lu, Po H, Bartzokis, George, Silverman, Daniel H S, Graff-Radford, Neill R, Nugent, Allison C, Parfitt, Francine, Johnson, Heather, Farlow, Martin R, Hake, Ann Marie, Matthews, Brandy R, Herring, Scott, van Dyck, Christopher H, Carson, Richard E, MacAvoy, Martha G, Chertkow, Howard, O'Brien, Carol, Bergman, Howard, Hosei, Chris, Black, Sandra, Stefanovic, Bojana, Caldwell, Curtis, Hsiung, Ging-Yuek Robin, Feldman, Howard, Mudge, Benita, Assaly, Michele, Kertesz, Andrew, Papmeyer, Martina, Rogers, John, Trost, Dick, Bernick, Charles, Munic, Donna, Kerwin, Diana, Mesulam, Marek-Marsel, Lipowski, Kristina, Wu, Chuang-Kuo, Johnson, Nancy, Sadowsky, Carl, Pütz, Benno, Martinez, Walter, Villena, Teresa, Turner, Raymond Scott, Johnson, Kathleen, Reynolds, Brigid, Sperling, Reisa A, Johnson, Keith A, Marshall, Gad, Frey, Meghan, Yesavage, Jerome, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Taylor, Joy L, Lane, Barton, Rosen, Allyson, Tinklenberg, Jared, Sabbagh, Marwan, Belden, Christine, Jacobson, Sandra, Kowall, Neil, Killiany, Ronald, Budson, Andrew E, Senstad, Rudy E, Rasmussen, Jerod, Norbash, Alexander, Johnson, Patricia Lynn, Obisesan, Thomas O, Wolday, Saba, Bwayo, Salome K, Lerner, Alan, Hudson, Leon, Ogrocki, Paula, Fletcher, Evan, Carmichael, Owen, Rijpkema, Mark, Olichney, John, Kittur, Smita, Borrie, Michael, Lee, T-Y, Bartha, Rob, Johnson, Sterling, Asthana, Sanjay, Carlsson, Cynthia M, Risacher, Shannon L, Preda, Adrian, Nguyen, Dana, Tariot, Pierre, Fleisher, Adam, Reeder, Stephanie, Bates, Vernice, Capote, Horacio, Rainka, Michelle, Scharre, Douglas W, Kataki, Maria, Roddey, J Cooper, Zimmerman, Earl A, Celmins, Dzintra, Brown, Alice D, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Blank, Karen, Anderson, Karen, Santulli, Robert B, Schwartz, Eben S, Sink, Kaycee M, Rose, Emma J, Williamson, Jeff D, Garg, Pradeep, Watkins, Franklin, Ott, Brian R, Querfurth, Henry, Tremont, Geoffrey, Salloway, Stephen, Malloy, Paul, Correia, Stephen, Rosen, Howard J, Ryten, Mina, Miller, Bruce L, Mintzer, Jacobo, Longmire, Crystal Flynn, Spicer, Kenneth, Finger, Elizabeth, Rachinsky, Irina, Drost, Dick, Cavalleri, Gianpiero, Alhusaini, Saud, Delanty, Norman, Whelan, Christopher, Sisodiya, Sanjay, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Matarin, Mar, Depondt, Chantal, Goldstein, David B, Heinzen, Erin L, Shianna, Kevin, Sprooten, Emma, Radtke, Rodney, Ottmann, Ruth, Sergievsky, G. H., Schumann, G., Conrod, P., Reed, L., Barker, G., Williams, S., Loth, E., Struve, M., Strengman, Eric, Lourdusamy, A., Cattrell, A., Nymberg, C., Topper, L., Smith, L., Havatzias, S., Stueber, K., Mallik, C., Stacey, D., Wong, C Peng, Teumer, Alexander, Werts, H., Andrew, C., Desrivieres, S., Heinz, A., Gallinat, J., Häke, I., Ivanov, N., Klär, A., Reuter, J., Winkler, Anderson M, Trabzuni, Daniah, Palafox, C., Hohmann, C., Schilling, C., Lüdemann, K., Romanowski, A., Ströhle, A., Wolff, E., Rapp, M., Ittermann, B., Brühl, R., Turner, Jessica, Ihlenfeld, A., Walaszek, B., Schubert, F., Garavan, H., Connolly, C., Jones, J., Lalor, E., McCabe, E., Ní Shiothcháin, A., Whelan, R., van Eijk, Kristel, Spanagel, R., Leonardi-Essmann, F., Sommer, W., Flor, H., Vollstaedt-Klein, S., Nees, F., Banaschewski, T., Poustka, L., Steiner, S., Mann, K., van Erp, Theo G M, Buehler, M., Rietschel, M., Stolzenburg, E., Schmal, C., Schirmbeck, F., Paus, T., Gowland, P., Heym, N., Lawrence, C., Newman, C., van Tol, Marie-Jose, Pausova, Z., Smolka, M., Huebner, T., Ripke, S., Mennigen, E., Muller, K., Ziesch, V., Büchel, C., Bromberg, U., Fadai, T., Wittfeld, Katharina, Lueken, L., Yacubian, J., Finsterbusch, J., Martinot, J. L., Artiges, E., Bordas, N., de Bournonville, S., Bricaud, Z., Gollier Briand, F., Lemaitre, H., Wolf, Christiane, Massicotte, J., Miranda, R., Paillère Martinot, M. L., Penttilä, J., Poline, J. B., Barbot, A., Schwartz, Y., Lalanne, C., Frouin, V., Thyreau, B., Woudstra, Saskia, Dalley, J., Mar, A., Robbins, T., Subramaniam, N., Theobald, D., Richmond, N., de Rover, M., Molander, A., Jordan, E., Robinson, E., Aleman, Andre, Hipolata, L., Moreno, M., Arroyo, M., Stephens, D., Ripley, T., Crombag, H., Pena, Y., Lathrop, M., Zelenika, D., Heath, S., Lanzerath, D., Heinrichs, B., Spranger, T., Fuchs, B., Speiser, C., Resch, F., Haffner, J., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Klaassen, A., Toro, Roberto, Almasy, Laura, Klaassen, I., Constant, P., Mignon, X., Thomsen, T., Zysset, S., Vestboe, A., Ireland, J., Rogers, J., Binder, Elisabeth B, Chakravarty, Mallar, Smith, Albert Vernon, van der Lijn, Fedde, Crivello, Fabrice, Fornage, Myriam, Shulman, Joshua M, Brohawn, David G, Schmidt, Helena, Srikanth, Velandai, Schuur, Maaike, Yu, Lei, Choi, Seung-Hoan, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Verhaaren, Benjamin F J, DeStefano, Anita L, Lambert, Jean-Charles, Cantor, Rita M, Struchalin, Maksim, Stankovich, Jim, Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A, Fleischman, Debra, Zijdenbos, Alex, den Heijer, Tom, Mazoyer, Bernard, Coker, Laura H, Enzinger, Christian, Danoy, Patrick, Carless, Melanie A, Amin, Najaf, Arfanakis, Konstantinos, van Buchem, Mark A, de Bruijn, Renée F A G, Beiser, Alexa, Dufouil, Carole, Huang, Juebin, Cavalieri, Margherita, Thomson, Russell, Niessen, Wiro J, Corvin, Aiden, Chibnik, Lori B, Gislason, Gauti K, Hofman, Albert, Pikula, Aleksandra, Amouyel, Philippe, Freeman, Kevin B, Phan, Thanh G, Oostra, Ben A, Nalls, Michael A, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Czisch, Michael, Au, Rhoda, Elbaz, Alexis, Beare, Richard J, van Swieten, John C, Lopez, Oscar, Harris, Tamara B, Chouraki, Vincent, Breteler, Monique M B, De Jager, Philip L, Becker, James T, Curran, Joanne E, Knopman, David, Fazekas, Franz, Wolf, Philip A, van der Lugt, Aad, Longstreth, W. T., Brown, Mathew A, Bennett, David A, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Davies, Gail, Mosley, Thomas H, Schmidt, Reinhold, de Almeida, Marcio A A, Appel, Katja, Duggirala, Ravi, Dyer, Thomas D, Erk, Susanne, Fagerness, Jesen, Fox, Peter T, Freimer, Nelson B, Gill, Michael, Göring, Harald H H, Bartecek, Richard, Hagler, Donald J, Hoehn, David, Holsboer, Florian, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Jahanshad, Neda, Johnson, Matthew P, Kent, Jack W, Kochunov, Peter, Bergmann, Ørjan, Lancaster, Jack L, Lawrie, Stephen M, Liewald, David C, Mandl, René, Mattheisen, Manuel, Meisenzahl, Eva, Melle, Ingrid, Moses, Eric K, Mühleisen, Thomas W, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Yale University School of Medicine, Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Oslo (UiO), University of Toronto, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Bergen (UiB), Harvard University [Cambridge], VU University Amsterdam, University of Edinburgh, Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King‘s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Dundee Technopole, CXR Biosciences Ltd, University of Groningen [Groningen], Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, Bijvoet Center of Biomolecular Research [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Neurology Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of California, Institute of Neurology [London], University College of London [London] (UCL), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), Department of Medicine, University of Washington [Seattle], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Salermo, Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), School of Psychology, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Hartford Hospital, Lancaster University, Centre for Advanced Imaging, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Imaging, EMGO+ - Mental Health, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGENConsortium, Saguenay Youth Study Group, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium, Psychiatry, NCA - Brain Imaging, EMGO - Mental health, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC other, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Harvard University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Universiteit Leiden, University of California (UC), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], McGill University, University of Bergen (UIB), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bijvoet Center of Biomolecular Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, UMR5116, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and McGill University-McGill University

Subjects
Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Pathology, 110 012 Social cognition of verbal communication, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hippocampus, Genome-wide association study, DCN PAC - Perception action and control, Hippocampal formation, physiopathology [Brain], Bioinformatics, 0302 clinical medicine, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY, 110 014 Public activities, Renal disorder [IGMD 9], 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Translational research Immune Regulation [ONCOL 3], Brain, Human brain, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [DCN PAC - Perception action and control IGMD 3], ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain size, genetics [Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Biomarker (medicine), NA+/H+ EXCHANGER, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Genetic Markers, medicine.medical_specialty, 110 000 Neurocognition of Language, DCN MP - Plasticity and memory, A neurocomputational model for the Processing of Linguistic Utterances based on the Unification-Space architecture [110 007 PLUS], BRAIN VOLUME, UNIFIED APPROACH, 110 013 Binding and the MUC-model, Neuroimaging, Biology, GENOTYPE IMPUTATION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders DCN MP - Plasticity and memory [IGMD 3], 03 medical and health sciences, AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION, Meta-Analysis as Topic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ddc:570, FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS, Genetics, medicine, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, 030304 developmental biology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12, Magnetic resonance imaging, Genetic Loci, physiopathology [Hippocampus], 110 009 The human brain and Chinese prosody, Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [NCMLS 6], HUMAN HEIGHT, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 108202.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Identifying genetic variants influencing human brain structures may reveal new biological mechanisms underlying cognition and neuropsychiatric illness. The volume of the hippocampus is a biomarker of incipient Alzheimer's disease and is reduced in schizophrenia, major depression and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Whereas many brain imaging phenotypes are highly heritable, identifying and replicating genetic influences has been difficult, as small effects and the high costs of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have led to underpowered studies. Here we report genome-wide association meta-analyses and replication for mean bilateral hippocampal, total brain and intracranial volumes from a large multinational consortium. The intergenic variant rs7294919 was associated with hippocampal volume (12q24.22; N = 21,151; P = 6.70 x 10(-16)) and the expression levels of the positional candidate gene TESC in brain tissue. Additionally, rs10784502, located within HMGA2, was associated with intracranial volume (12q14.3; N = 15,782; P = 1.12 x 10(-12)). We also identified a suggestive association with total brain volume at rs10494373 within DDR2 (1q23.3; N = 6,500; P = 5.81 x 10(-7)). 01 mei 2012

Published
2012
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50. Assessing Infant Carriage Systems: Ground Reaction Force Implications for Gait of the Caregiver.

Author

Brown, Mathew B., Digby-Bowl, Caroline J., and Todd, Samuel D.

Subjects
*BABY carriages, *CAREGIVERS, *GAIT in humans, *PIEZOELECTRICITY, *PARAMETERS (Statistics), *KINEMATICS, *EQUIPMENT & supplies, *WEIGHT-bearing (Orthopedics)
Abstract

Objective To assess the acute alterations of anterior infant carriage systems on the ground reaction force experienced during over-ground walking. Background Previous research has identified the alterations in posture and gait associated with an increased anterior load (external or internal); however, the forces applied to the system due to the altered posture during over-ground walking have not been established. Method Thirteen mixed gender participants completed 45 over-ground walking trials at a self-selected pace under three loaded conditions (unloaded, semi-structured carrier 9.9 kg, and structured carrier 9.9 kg). Each trial consisted of a 15-m walkway, centered around a piezoelectric force platform sampling at 1,200 Hz. Differences were assessed between loaded and unloaded conditions and across carriers using paired samples t tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Results Additional load increased all ground reaction force parameters; however, the magnitude of force changes was influenced by carrier structure. The structured carrier displayed increased force magnitudes, a reduction in the time to vertical maximum heel contact, and an increased duration of the flat foot phase in walking gait. Conclusion Evidence suggests that the acute application of anterior infant carriers alters both kinetic and temporal measures of walking gait. Importantly, these changes appear to be governed not solely by the additional mass but also by the structure of the carrier. Application These findings indicate carrier structure should be considered by the wearer and may be used to inform policy in the recommendation of anterior infant carriage systems use by caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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