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14. Associations between visceral fat and liver fat with insulin sensitivity and metabolic risk in obese adolescents

Author

Brown, Ruth E., Kuk, Jennifer L., Libman, Ingrid, Rivera-Vega, Michelle, and Lee, SoJung

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Health aspects, Adolescent obesity -- Physiological aspects, Adipose tissue -- Health aspects, Insulin -- Health aspects, Obesity in adolescence -- Physiological aspects, Adipose tissues -- Health aspects
Abstract

We examined the joint and independent associations between VAT and LF with insulin sensitivity (IS) and lipids in seventy-one obese adolescents (BMI ≥ 95th, 14.9 ± 1.8 years). VAT was [...]

Published
2015

18. Community Action Programs: An Annotated Bibliography. Exchange Bibliography No. 277.

Author

Council of Planning Librarians, Monticello, IL. and Brown, Ruth E.

Abstract

Although the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (EOA) created other programs, the most controversial one, and the one with which the antipoverty program came to be identified, was the Community Action Program (CAP). This bibliography covers materials about the formation and operation of Community Action Agencies themselves, usually involving such matters as participation of the poor, characteristics and activities of board members, and the impact of CAP on the community. It does not include studies of specific substantive programs such as Headstart, Family Planning, or Legal Services, or of business management or evaluation procedures themselves. It offers fairly complete coverage of the mass circulation magazines, academic journals, government documents, and contracted research reports. Most of the listings include a brief summary of procedures and conclusions. (Author/MLF)

Published
1972

35. Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: an economic analysis of current recommendations

Author

Margolis, Harold S., Coleman, Patrick J., Brown, Ruth E., Mast, Eric E., Sheingold, Steven H., and Arevalo, Jose A.

Subjects
Hepatitis B -- Prevention, Children -- Health aspects, Teenagers -- Health aspects, Vaccination of children -- Economic aspects
Abstract

Infant vaccination for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is more cost effective and useful in preventing HBV infection transmission than adolescent vaccination. The strategy to delay vaccination for HBV until adolescence would increase costs for each infection prevented. An estimated 2,243 chronic hepatitis B infections could be prevented with adolescent immunization, but 6,564 chronic infections occurring in early childhood would not be prevented. The cost to prevent perinatal HBV infection is $12.6 million, and the cost to vaccinate infants is $47 million. The cost of vaccination and administration is higher for adolescents than for infants. The cost to prevent each chronic HBV infection is $12,744 for adolescent vaccination compared to $6,111 for routine infant vaccination, and $900 for perinatal HBV infection., Objective. - To evaluate the outcome of immunization strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. Design and Setting. - A decision model was used to determine the incremental effects of the following hepatitis B immunization strategies in a birth cohort receiving immunization services in the public sector: (1) prevention of perinatal HBV infection, (2) routine infant vaccination, or (3) routine adolescent vaccination. Main Outcome Measures. - Over the lifetime of the cohort, the reduction in infections and medical and work-loss costs of HBV-related liver disease were determined for each strategy and compared with the outcome without immunization. Results. - Prevention of perinatal infection and routine infant vaccination would lower the 4.8% lifetime risk of HBV infection by at least 68%, compared with a 45% reduction for adolescent vaccination. From a societal perspective, each strategy was found to be cost saving, but was not cost saving with respect to direct medical costs. The estimated cost per year of life saved was $164 to prevent perinatal HBV infection, $1522 for infant vaccination, and $3730 for adolescent vaccination. Conclusions. - Routine vaccination of infants in successive birth cohorts to prevent HBV transmission is cost-effective over a wide range of assumptions. While economically less attractive than infant vaccination, adolescent vaccination could serve to protect those children who were not vaccinated as infants.

Published
1995

47. Recombinant human erythropoietin and health-related quality of life of AIDS patients with anemia

Author

Revicki, Dennis A., Brown, Ruth E., Henry, David H., McNeill, Michele V., Rios, Adan, and Watson, Terry

Subjects
Quality of life -- Evaluation, Erythropoietin, Recombinant -- Evaluation, Anemia -- Care and treatment, AIDS (Disease) -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) may be a safe and effective treatment for anemia in AIDS patients, and may have a positive effect on their health-related quality of life. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production; r-HuEPO is a laboratory-developed form of this hormone for therapeutic use. Researchers tested gradually increased doses of r-HuEPO in 251 AIDS patients with anemia, those with low levels of red blood cells and erythropoietin. Thirty-four percent of 93 patients who completed 24 weeks of r-Hu-EPO therapy showed resolution of their anemia. These patients had improved energy, health perceptions, home management and role function. Patients whose anemia did not resolve or who dropped out of the therapy scored lower on these quality of life indicators. Adverse effects of r-HuEPO therapy were experienced by only 10% of patients.

Published
1994

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