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3. Four centuries of commercial whaling eroded 11,000 years of population stability in bowhead whales

Author

Westbury, Michael Vincent, primary, Brown, Stuart C, additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Morales, Hernan E, additional, Ma, Jilong, additional, Rey-Iglesia, Alba, additional, Dyke, Arthur S, additional, Scharff-Olsen, Camilla H, additional, Scott, Michael, additional, Wiig, Oystein, additional, Bachmann, Lutz, additional, Kovacs, Kit M, additional, Lydersen, Christian, additional, Ferguson, Steve, additional, Racimo, Fernando, additional, Szpak, Paul, additional, Fordham, Damien A, additional, and Lorenzen, Eline, additional

Published
2024
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5. 52,000 years of woolly rhinoceros population dynamics reveal extinction mechanisms.

Author

Fordham, Damien A., Brown, Stuart C., Canteri, Elisabetta, Austin, Jeremy J., Lomolino, Mark V., Haythorne, Sean, Armstrong, Edward, Bocherens, Hervé, Manica, Andrea, Rey-Iglesia, Alba, Rahbek, Carsten, Nogués-Bravo, David, and Lorenzen, Eline D.

Subjects
*POPULATION dynamics, *RHINOCEROSES, *HOLOCENE extinction, *FOSSIL DNA, *GLACIAL Epoch
Abstract

The extinction of the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) at the onset of the Holocene remains an enigma, with conflicting evidence regarding its cause and spatiotemporal dynamics. This partly reflects challenges in determining demographic responses of late Quaternary megafauna to climatic and anthropogenic causal drivers with available genetic and paleontological techniques. Here, we show that elucidating mechanisms of ancient extinctions can benefit from a detailed understanding of fine-scale metapopulation dynamics, operating over many millennia. Using an abundant fossil record, ancient DNA, and high-resolution simulation models, we untangle the ecological mechanisms and causal drivers that are likely to have been integral in the decline and later extinction of the woolly rhinoceros. Our 52,000-y reconstruction of distribution-wide metapopulation dynamics supports a pathway to extinction that began long before the Holocene, when the combination of cooling temperatures and low but sustained hunting by humans trapped woolly rhinoceroses in suboptimal habitats along the southern edge of their range. Modeling indicates that this ecological trap intensified after the end of the last ice age, preventing colonization of newly formed suitable habitats, weakening stabilizing metapopulation processes, triggering the extinction of the woolly rhinoceros in the early Holocene. Our findings suggest that fragmentation and resultant metapopulation dynamics should be explicitly considered in explanations of late Quaternary megafauna extinctions, sending a clarion call to the fragility of the remaining large-bodied grazers restricted to disjunct fragments of poor-quality habitat due to anthropogenic environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Millennial processes of population decline, range contraction and near extinction of the European bison

Author

Pilowsky, July A., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Llamas, Bastien, additional, van Loenen, Ayla L., additional, Kowalczyk, Rafał, additional, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, additional, Manaseryan, Ninna H., additional, Rusu, Viorelia, additional, Križnar, Matija, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, and Fordham, Damien A., additional

Published
2023
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7. Impact of Holocene environmental change on the evolutionary ecology of an Arctic top predator

Author

Westbury, Michael V., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Lorenzen, Julie, additional, O’Neill, Stuart, additional, Scott, Michael B., additional, McCuaig, Julia, additional, Cheung, Christina, additional, Armstrong, Edward, additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Samaniego Castruita, José Alfredo, additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Blom, Stine Keibel, additional, Dietz, Rune, additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, Louis, Marie, additional, Galatius, Anders, additional, Fordham, Damien A., additional, Ribeiro, Sofia, additional, Szpak, Paul, additional, and Lorenzen, Eline D., additional

Published
2023
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8. The Australian National Rabbit Database : 50 yr of population monitoring of an invasive species

Author

Roy-Dufresne, Emilie, Lurgi, Miguel, Brown, Stuart C., Wells, Konstans, Cooke, Brian, Mutze, Greg, Peacock, David, Cassey, Phill, Berman, Dave, Brook, Barry W., Campbell, Susan, Cox, Tarnya, Daly, Joanne, Dunk, Iain, Elsworth, Peter, Fletcher, Don, Forsyth, David M., Hocking, Greg, Kovaliski, John, Leane, Michael, Low, Bill, Kennedy, Malcolm, Matthews, John, Mcphee, Steve, MELLIN, CAMILLE, Mooney, Trish, Moseby, Katherine, Read, John, Richardson, Barry J., Schneider, Kathryn, Schwarz, Eric, Sinclair, Ronald, Strive, Tanja, Triulcio, Frank, West, Peter, Saltré, Frederik, and Fordham, Damien A.

Published
2019

16. Value in the New Rhetoric: I. A. Richards and the Necessity of 'Ethos.'

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

In much current literary and rhetorical theory, analysis of text assumes greater authority than the text and its creator. Through a reexamination of the ancient Greeks' notion of "ethos" (the residue of the writer or speaker in the text), the writer, reader, and text can be reunited, particularly in light of the theory of meanings proposed by I. A. Richards. Richards asserted that self can be discovered through a discovery of meaning. To Richards, the text, as the work of the writer or speaker, cannot be ignored by the reader or listener, who is to derive approximate meaning. Arriving at meaning is an investigation into the psychology of the reader, the text, and the writer. The writer's character, as reflected by the text, meets the character of the reader through the mediation of the text. To Richards, language may be the only means by which human development can continue. Closer examination of the ethos of both writer and reader leads each to a greater understanding of the other and the other's misunderstandings. (Five notes are included; 23 references are attached.) (SG)

Published
1990

20. Impact of Holocene environmental change on the evolutionary ecology of an Arctic top predator

Author

Westbury, Michael V., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Lorenzen, Julie, additional, O’Neill, Stuart, additional, Scott, Michael B., additional, McCuaig, Julia, additional, Cheung, Christina, additional, Armstrong, Edward, additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Samaniego Castruita, Jose Alfredo, additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Blom, Stine Keibel, additional, Dietz, Rune, additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, Louis, Marie, additional, Galatius, Anders, additional, Fordham, Damien A., additional, Ribeiro, Sofia, additional, Szpak, Paul, additional, and Lorenzen, Eline D., additional

Published
2022
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24. Blurring Boundaries between Technical Communication and Engineering: Challenges of a Multidisciplinary, Client-based Pedagogy.

Author

Wojahn, Patricia, Dyke, Julie, Riley, Linda Ann, Hensel, Edward, and Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

Discusses a study of the authors' initial semester matching technical communication students with teams of engineers in a capstone, client-based experience. Notes incredible growth in students' abilities to discuss design, teamwork, and client projects within the pre- and post-surveys. Concludes that there is the potential in moving toward a more inclusive pedagogy. (SG)

Published
2001

26. More Than an Exercise: Annotated Bibliography as Collaborative Learning.

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

Having students compile annotated bibliographies can promote collaborative learning. For example, when a class on writing across the curriculum was asked to survey the writing emphasis of courses in various departments at the University of Arizona, cooperation and collaboration were integral to the overall project. Students had individual responsibilities but were aware of what the others were doing, so that articles in a discipline other than their assigned one were passed on to the appropriate investigators during the next class session. Learning the mechanics of writing annotations was fairly simple. In producing an annotated bibliography, the students found that reading and writing became so interrelated as to be indistinguishable. The activity can engage students because they are learning as they produce something useful that has value to the community outside the classroom. The success of student participation in creating an annotated bibliography relies on putting it to use. (SRT)

Published
1986

27. Reconsidering I. A. Richards' Role in the New Rhetoric: Predecessor, Prestidigitator, Proponent.

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

I. A. Richards (most easily recognized as the "father" of New Criticism, but a true interdisciplinarian) bears re-examination in light of present discussions over the role and nature of rhetoric as a discipline. Richards' work has more to offer than is presently recognized. First, his work in toto exemplifies the capability and possible role of rhetoricians to reflect and unify the diversity of disciplines in the modern university. Second, his various investigations and speculations in the different disciplines are, for the most part, still unrecognized and unused. His concerns about what rhetoric is and how it is to be used have neither been resolved nor shelved. "The Philosophy of Rhetoric" is a good example of a work which represents the essential characteristics of Richards' thoughts on language and its uses. This paper studies the aims of discourse and types of context, the interinanimation of words, some criteria of words, metaphor, and the command of metaphor. (An attachment contains lecture synopses on "The Philosophy of Rhetoric" and a select Richards bibliography.) (SR)

Published
1989

28. Cover Image

Author

Fordham, Damien A., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Akçakaya, H. Reşit, additional, Brook, Barry W., additional, Haythorne, Sean, additional, Manica, Andrea, additional, Shoemaker, Kevin T., additional, Austin, Jeremy J., additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Pilowsky, Julia, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, and Nogues‐Bravo, David, additional

Published
2021
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29. Process‐explicit models reveal pathway to extinction for woolly mammoth using pattern‐oriented validation

Author

Fordham, Damien A., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Akçakaya, H. Reşit, additional, Brook, Barry W., additional, Haythorne, Sean, additional, Manica, Andrea, additional, Shoemaker, Kevin T., additional, Austin, Jeremy J., additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Pilowsky, July A., additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, and Nogues‐Bravo, David, additional

Published
2021
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31. Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and Composition: A Catalog of the Profession.

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

Describes the growth, consolidation, and diversification of rhetoric and composition doctoral programs over the past seven years. Provides extensive data concerning the current status of 72 doctoral programs. Outlines each of the 72 programs individually. (HB)

Published
1994

33. I. A. Richards' New Rhetoric: Multiplicity, Instrument, and Metaphor.

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

Argues that I. A. Richards established the basic argument for developing a truly new rhetoric and identified major critical components needed to formulate a rhetoric for the twenty-first century. Discusses multiplicity in meaning, speculative instruments, and metaphor. (PRA)

Published
1992

34. Professing the New Rhetorics (Polylog).

Author

Brown, Stuart C.

Abstract

Includes statements and discussion by six college educators about the new rhetorics. Underscores the need for both new approaches to rhetoric and understanding of its history. Suggests that the term "rhetoric" may have become a grab bag of assorted concepts. Argues that disagreement over rhetoric is preferable to general acceptance of a single rhetoric. (SG)

Published
1990

38. New Books

Author

Charlton, W., Kolnai, Aurel, Grant, C. K., Hollis, Martin, Hinton, J. M., Mott, P. L., Chopra, Y. N., Grice, G. R., Atkinson, R. F., Atkinson, Christine, and Brown, Stuart C.

Published
1973

40. Learning

Author

Brown, Stuart C. and White, John P.

Published
1972

43. Humans hastened the range collapse and extinction of woolly mammoth

Author

Fordham, Damien A., primary, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Reşit Akçakaya, H., additional, Brook, Barry W., additional, Haythorne, Sean, additional, Manica, Andrea, additional, Shoemaker, Kevin T., additional, Austin, Jeremy J., additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Pilowsky, Julia, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, and Nogues-Bravo, David, additional

Published
2021
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45. Process‐explicit models reveal pathway to extinction for woolly mammoth using pattern‐oriented validation.

Author

Fordham, Damien A., Brown, Stuart C., Akçakaya, H. Reşit, Brook, Barry W., Haythorne, Sean, Manica, Andrea, Shoemaker, Kevin T., Austin, Jeremy J., Blonder, Benjamin, Pilowsky, Julia, Rahbek, Carsten, Nogues‐Bravo, David, and Coulson, Tim

Subjects
*MAMMOTHS, *DEMOGRAPHIC change, *FOSSIL DNA, *CLIMATE change, *PLEISTOCENE-Holocene boundary, *TUNDRAS
Abstract

Pathways to extinction start long before the death of the last individual. However, causes of early stage population declines and the susceptibility of small residual populations to extirpation are typically studied in isolation. Using validated process‐explicit models, we disentangle the ecological mechanisms and threats that were integral in the initial decline and later extinction of the woolly mammoth. We show that reconciling ancient DNA data on woolly mammoth population decline with fossil evidence of location and timing of extinction requires process‐explicit models with specific demographic and niche constraints, and a constrained synergy of climatic change and human impacts. Validated models needed humans to hasten climate‐driven population declines by many millennia, and to allow woolly mammoths to persist in mainland Arctic refugia until the mid‐Holocene. Our results show that the role of humans in the extinction dynamics of woolly mammoth began well before the Holocene, exerting lasting effects on the spatial pattern and timing of its range‐wide extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Using paleo-archives to safeguard biodiversity under climate change

Author

Fordham, Damien A., primary, Jackson, Stephen T., additional, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Huntley, Brian, additional, Brook, Barry W., additional, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, additional, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Svensson, Anders, additional, Theodoridis, Spyros, additional, Wilmshurst, Janet M., additional, Buettel, Jessie C., additional, Canteri, Elisabetta, additional, McDowell, Matthew, additional, Orlando, Ludovic, additional, Pilowsky, Julia, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, and Nogues-Bravo, David, additional

Published
2020
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50. Introduced cats (Felis catus) eating a continental fauna: The number of mammals killed in Australia

Author

Murphy, Brett P., primary, Woolley, Leigh-Ann, additional, Geyle, Hayley M., additional, Legge, Sarah M., additional, Palmer, Russell, additional, Dickman, Chris R., additional, Augusteyn, John, additional, Brown, Stuart C., additional, Comer, Sarah, additional, Doherty, Tim S., additional, Eager, Charlie, additional, Edwards, Glenn, additional, Fordham, Damien A., additional, Harley, Dan, additional, McDonald, Peter J., additional, McGregor, Hugh, additional, Moseby, Katherine E., additional, Myers, Cecilia, additional, Read, John, additional, Riley, Joanna, additional, Stokeld, Danielle, additional, Trewella, Gavin J., additional, Turpin, Jeff M., additional, and Woinarski, John C.Z., additional

Published
2019
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