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7. Genetic erosion in domesticated barley and a hypothesis of a North African centre of diversity.

Author

Civáň, Peter, Fricano, Agostino, Russell, Joanne, Pont, Caroline, Özkan, Hakan, Kilian, Benjamin, and Brown, Terence A.

Subjects
CHLOROPLAST DNA, FOSSIL DNA, GENETIC variation, HORDEUM, DNA sequencing
Abstract

Barley is one of the founder crops of the Neolithic transition in West Asia. While recent advances in genomics have provided a rather detailed picture of barley domestication, there are contradictory views on how the domestication process affected genetic diversity. We set out to revisit this question by integrating public DNA sequencing data from ancient barley and wide collections of extant wild and domesticated accessions. Using two previously overlooked approaches – analyses of chloroplast genomes and genome‐wide proportions of private variants – we found that the barley cultivated six millennia ago was genetically unique and more diverse when compared to extant landraces and cultivars. Moreover, the chloroplast genomes revealed a link between the ancient barley, an obscure wild genotype from north‐eastern Libya, and a distinct population of barley cultivated in Ethiopia/Eritrea. Based on these results, we hypothesize past existence of a wider North African population that included both wild and cultivated types and suffered from genetic erosion in the past six millennia, likely due to a rapid desertification that ended the Holocene African humid period. Besides providing clues about the origin of Ethiopian landraces, the hypothesis explains the post‐domestication loss of diversity observed in barley. Analyses of additional samples will be necessary to resolve the history of African barley and its contribution to the extant cultivated gene pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Wheat Domestication

Author

Jones, Martin K., Allaby, Robin G., Brown, Terence A., Hole, Frank, Heun, Manfred, Borghi, Basilio, and Salamini, F.

Published
1998

45. New Directions in Post-Secondary Education; Expanding Opportunities for the Occupational Education Student.

Author

American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, Washington, DC., Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. School of Technical Careers., and Brown, Terence

Abstract

The proceedings cover a conference of representatives of all the community colleges in the southern part of Illinois and one in Kentucky with representatives from the School of Technical Careers at Southern Illinois University. The conference objectives were to discuss common problems and issues related to closer coordination of effort among the participating institutions. A cooperative nursing program among the schools has been effective, and representatives of the institutions believed further cooperative ventures were desirable. In providing a focus for the workshop conference, six papers were given following a welcome speech by W. E. Malone of SIU: a paper on expanding opportunities for the occupational education student by K. G. Skaggs; on career mobility by J. H. Smith; curriculum flexibility by Ralph Kuhli; accrediting and credentialing limitations on flexibility by Don Frey; operational limitations on flexibility by Lori Reibling; and suggestions for living with the limitations by S. V. Martorana. A page of commentary; a list of attendees, speakers, and resource persons; an allied health fact sheet; and a map of the geographical area showing the location of participating institutions are included in the proceedings. (AG)

Published
1973

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