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1. Rubin ToO 2024: Envisioning the Vera C. Rubin Observatory LSST Target of Opportunity program

Author

Andreoni, Igor, Margutti, Raffaella, Banovetz, John, Greenstreet, Sarah, Hebert, Claire-Alice, Lister, Tim, Palmese, Antonella, Piranomonte, Silvia, Smartt, S. J., Smith, Graham P., Stein, Robert, Ahumada, Tomas, Anand, Shreya, Auchettl, Katie, Bannister, Michele T., Bellm, Eric C., Bloom, Joshua S., Bolin, Bryce T., Bom, Clecio R., Brethauer, Daniel, Brucker, Melissa J., Buckley, David A. H., Chandra, Poonam, Chornock, Ryan, Christensen, Eric, Cooke, Jeff, Corsi, Alessandra, Coughlin, Michael W., Cuevas-Otahola, Bolivia, Filippo, D'Ammando, Dai, Biwei, Dhawan, S., Filippenko, Alexei V., Foley, Ryan J., Franckowiak, Anna, Gomboc, Andreja, Gompertz, Benjamin P., Guy, Leanne P., Hazra, Nandini, Hernandez, Christopher, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Hussaini, Maryam, Ibrahimzade, Dina, Izzo, Luca, Jones, R. Lynne, Kang, Yijung, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Knight, Matthew, Kunnumkai, Keerthi, Lamb, Gavin P, LeBaron, Natalie, Lejoly, Cassandra, Levan, Andrew J., MacBride, Sean, Mallia, Franco, Malz, Alex I., Miller, Adam A., Mora, J. C., Narayan, Gautham, J., Nayana A., Nicholl, Matt, Nichols, Tiffany, Oates, S. R., Panayada, Akshay, Ragosta, Fabio, Ribeiro, Tiago, Ryczanowski, Dan, Sarin, Nikhil, Schwamb, Megan E., Sears, Huei, Seligman, Darryl Z., Sharma, Ritwik, Shrestha, Manisha, Simran, Stroh, Michael C., Terreran, Giacomo, Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh, Trivedi, Aum, Tyson, J. Anthony, Utsumi, Yousuke, Verma, Aprajita, Villar, V. Ashley, Volk, Kathryn, Vyas, Meet J., Wasserman, Amanda R., Wheeler, J. Craig, Yoachim, Peter, Zegarelli, Angela, and Bianco, Federica

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at Vera C. Rubin Observatory is planned to begin in the Fall of 2025. The LSST survey cadence has been designed via a community-driven process regulated by the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee (SCOC), which recommended up to 3% of the observing time to carry out Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations. Experts from the scientific community, Rubin Observatory personnel, and members of the SCOC were brought together to deliver a recommendation for the implementation of the ToO program during a workshop held in March 2024. Four main science cases were identified: gravitational wave multi-messenger astronomy, high energy neutrinos, Galactic supernovae, and small potentially hazardous asteroids possible impactors. Additional science cases were identified and briefly addressed in the documents, including lensed or poorly localized gamma-ray bursts and twilight discoveries. Trigger prioritization, automated response, and detailed strategies were discussed for each science case. This document represents the outcome of the Rubin ToO 2024 workshop, with additional contributions from members of the Rubin Science Collaborations. The implementation of the selection criteria and strategies presented in this document has been endorsed in the SCOC Phase 3 Recommendations document (PSTN-056). Although the ToO program is still to be finalized, this document serves as a baseline plan for ToO observations with the Rubin Observatory.

Published
2024

2. Photometry of the Didymos system across the DART impact apparition

Author

Moskovitz, Nicholas, Thomas, Cristina, Pravec, Petr, Lister, Tim, Polakis, Tom, Osip, David, Kareta, Theodore, Rożek, Agata, Chesley, Steven R., Naidu, Shantanu P., Scheirich, Peter, Ryan, William, Ryan, Eileen, Skiff, Brian, Snodgrass, Colin, Knight, Matthew M., Rivkin, Andrew S., Chabot, Nancy L., Ayvazian, Vova, Belskaya, Irina, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Berteşteanu, Daniel N., Bonavita, Mariangela, Bressi, Terrence H., Brucker, Melissa J., Burgdorf, Martin J., Burkhonov, Otabek, Burt, Brian, Contreras, Carlos, Chatelain, Joseph, Choi, Young-Jun, Daily, Matthew, de León, Julia, Ergashev, Kamoliddin, Farnham, Tony, Fatka, Petr, Ferrais, Marin, Geier, Stefan, Gomez, Edward, Greenstreet, Sarah, Gröller, Hannes, Hergenrother, Carl, Holt, Carrie, Hornoch, Kamil, Husárik, Marek, Inasaridze, Raguli, Jehin, Emmanuel, Khalouei, Elahe, Eluo, Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya, Kim, Myung-Jin, Krugly, Yurij, Kučáková, Hana, Kušnirák, Peter, Larsen, Jeffrey A., Lee, Hee-Jae, Lejoly, Cassandra, Licandro, Javier, Longa-Peña, Penélope, Mastaler, Ronald A., McCully, Curtis, Moon, Hong-Kyu, Morrell, Nidia, Nath, Arushi, Oszkiewicz, Dagmara, Parrott, Daniel, Phillips, Liz, Popescu, Marcel M., Pray, Donald, Prodan, George Pantelimon, Rabus, Markus, Read, Michael T., Reva, Inna, Roark, Vernon, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scotti, James V., Tatara, Taiyo, Thirouin, Audrey, Tholen, David, Troianskyi, Volodymyr, Tubbiolo, Andrew F., and Villa, Katelyn

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

On 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes (Thomas et al. 2023). Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite's orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from July 2022 to February 2023. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e. those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the post-impact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ~1 day after impact, and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days post-impact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG1G2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least March 2023. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact., Comment: 52 pages, 5 tables, 9 figures, accepted to PSJ

Published
2023

3. Recent formation and likely cometary activity of near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2 -- 2019 QR6

Author

Fatka, Petr, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Pravec, Petr, Micheli, Marco, Devogèle, Maxime, Gustafsson, Annika, Kueny, Jay, Skiff, Brian, Kušnirák, Peter, Christensen, Eric, Ries, Judit, Brucker, Melissa, McMillan, Robert, Larsen, Jeffrey, Mastaler, Ron, and Bressi, Terry

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Asteroid pairs are genetically related asteroids that recently separated ($<$few million years), but still reside on similar heliocentric orbits. A few hundred of these systems have been identified, primarily in the asteroid main-belt. Here we studied a newly discovered pair of near-Earth objects (NEOs): 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6. Based on broad-band photometry, we found these asteroids to be spectrally similar to D-types, a type rare amongst NEOs. We recovered astrometric observations for both asteroids from the Catalina Sky Survey from 2005, which significantly improved their fitted orbits. With these refinements we ran backwards orbital integrations to study formation and evolutionary history. We found that neither a pure gravitational model nor a model with the Yarkovsky effect could explain their current orbits. We thus implemented two models of comet-like non-gravitational forces based on water or CO sublimation. The first model assumed quasi-continuous, comet-like activity after separation, which suggested a formation time of the asteroid pair $300^{+120}_{-70}$ years ago. The second model assumed short-term activity for up to one heliocentric orbit ($\sim$13.9 years) after separation, which suggested that the pair formed 272$\pm$7 years ago. Image stacks showed no activity for 2019~PR2 during its last perihelion passage. These results strongly argue for a common origin that makes these objects the youngest asteroid pair known to date. Questions remain regarding whether these objects derived from a parent comet or asteroid, and how activity may have evolved since their separation.

Published
2021
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4. Near-earth asteroid (66391) Moshup (1999 KW4) observing campaign: Results from a global planetary defense characterization exercise

Author

Reddy, Vishnu, Kelley, Michael S., Dotson, Jessie, Landis, Rob R., McGraw, Lauren E., Micheli, Marco, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Sanchez, Juan A., Taylor, Patrick A., Wheeler, Lorien, Bauer, James M., Brucker, Melissa J., Devogèle, Maxime, Emery, Joshua P., Hainaut, Olivier, Hickson, Dylan C., Koschny, Detlef, Larsen, Jeffrey A., Marshall, Sean E., McMillan, Robert, Skiff, Brian A., Venditti, Flaviane C.F., Virkki, Anne K., Yang, Bin, and Zambrano-Marin, Luisa F.

Published
2022
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5. Photometry of the Didymos System across the DART Impact Apparition

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Thomas, Cristina, Pravec, Petr, Lister, Tim, Polakis, Tom, Osip, David, Kareta, Teddy, Rożek, Agata, Chesley, Steven, Naidu, Shantanu P., Scheirich, Peter, Ryan, William, Ryan, Eileen, Skiff, Brian, Snodgrass, Colin, Knight, Matthew M., Rivkin, Andy, Chabot, Nancy, Ayvazian, Vova, Belskaya, Irina, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Berteşteanu, Daniel N., Bonavita, Mariangela, Bressi, Terrence H., Brucker, Melissa J., Burgdorf, Martin J., Burkhonov, Otabek, Burt, Brian, Contreras, Carlos, Chatelain, Joseph, Choi, Young-Jun, Daily, Matthew, de León, Julia, Ergashev, Kamoliddin, Farnham, Tony, Fatka, Petr, Ferrais, Marin, Geier, Stefan, Gomez, Edward, Greenstreet, Sarah, Gröller, Hannes, Hergenrother, Carl, Holt, Carrie, Hornoch, Kamil, Husárik, Marek, Inasaridze, Raguli, Jehin, Emmanuel, Khalouei, Elahe, Kikwaya Eluo, Jean-Baptiste, Kim, Myung-Jin, Krugly, Yurij, Kučáková, Hana, Kušnirák, Peter, Larsen, Jeffrey A., Lee, Hee-Jae, Lejoly, Cassandra, Licandro, Javier, Longa-Peña, Penélope, Mastaler, Ronald A., McCully, Curtis, Moon, Hong-Kyu, Morrell, Nidia I., Nath, Arushi, Oszkiewicz, Dagmara, Parrott, Daniel, Phillips, Liz, Popescu, Marcel, Pray, Donald, Prodan, George Pantelimon, Rabus, Markus, Read, Michael T., Reva, Inna, Roark, Vernon, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scotti, James V., Tatara, Taiyo, Thirouin, Audrey, Tholen, David J., Troianskyi, Volodymyr, Tubbiolo, Andrew F., Villa, Katelyn, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Thomas, Cristina, Pravec, Petr, Lister, Tim, Polakis, Tom, Osip, David, Kareta, Teddy, Rożek, Agata, Chesley, Steven, Naidu, Shantanu P., Scheirich, Peter, Ryan, William, Ryan, Eileen, Skiff, Brian, Snodgrass, Colin, Knight, Matthew M., Rivkin, Andy, Chabot, Nancy, Ayvazian, Vova, Belskaya, Irina, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Berteşteanu, Daniel N., Bonavita, Mariangela, Bressi, Terrence H., Brucker, Melissa J., Burgdorf, Martin J., Burkhonov, Otabek, Burt, Brian, Contreras, Carlos, Chatelain, Joseph, Choi, Young-Jun, Daily, Matthew, de León, Julia, Ergashev, Kamoliddin, Farnham, Tony, Fatka, Petr, Ferrais, Marin, Geier, Stefan, Gomez, Edward, Greenstreet, Sarah, Gröller, Hannes, Hergenrother, Carl, Holt, Carrie, Hornoch, Kamil, Husárik, Marek, Inasaridze, Raguli, Jehin, Emmanuel, Khalouei, Elahe, Kikwaya Eluo, Jean-Baptiste, Kim, Myung-Jin, Krugly, Yurij, Kučáková, Hana, Kušnirák, Peter, Larsen, Jeffrey A., Lee, Hee-Jae, Lejoly, Cassandra, Licandro, Javier, Longa-Peña, Penélope, Mastaler, Ronald A., McCully, Curtis, Moon, Hong-Kyu, Morrell, Nidia I., Nath, Arushi, Oszkiewicz, Dagmara, Parrott, Daniel, Phillips, Liz, Popescu, Marcel, Pray, Donald, Prodan, George Pantelimon, Rabus, Markus, Read, Michael T., Reva, Inna, Roark, Vernon, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scotti, James V., Tatara, Taiyo, Thirouin, Audrey, Tholen, David J., Troianskyi, Volodymyr, Tubbiolo, Andrew F., and Villa, Katelyn

Abstract

On 2022 September 26, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes. Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite's orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from 2022 July to 2023 February. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e., those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the postimpact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ∼1 day after impact and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days postimpact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG1G2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least 2023 March. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact.

Published
2024

6. Kuiper Belt Occultation Predictions

Author

Fraser, Wesley C., Gwyn, Stephen, Trujillo, Chad, Stephens, Andrew W., Kavelaars, JJ, Brown, Michael E., Bianco, Federica B., Boyle, Richard P., Brucker, Melissa J., Hetherington, Nathan, Joner, Michael, Keel, William C., Langill, Phil P., Lister, Tim, McMillan, Russet J., and Young, Leslie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Here we present observations of 7 large Kuiper Belt Objects. From these observations, we extract a point source catalog with $\sim0.01"$ precision, and astrometry of our target Kuiper Belt Objects with $0.04-0.08"$ precision within that catalog. We have developed a new technique to predict the future occurrence of stellar occultations by Kuiper Belt Objects. The technique makes use of a maximum likelihood approach which determines the best-fit adjustment to cataloged orbital elements of an object. Using simulations of a theoretical object, we discuss the merits and weaknesses of this technique compared to the commonly adopted ephemeris offset approach. We demonstrate that both methods suffer from separate weaknesses, and thus, together provide a fair assessment of the true uncertainty in a particular prediction. We present occultation predictions made by both methods for the 7 tracked objects, with dates as late as 2015. Finally, we discuss observations of three separate close passages of Quaoar to field stars, which reveal the accuracy of the element adjustment approach, and which also demonstrate the necessity of considering the uncertainty in stellar position when assessing potential occultations., Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures, accepted to PASP

Published
2013
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7. Near-Earth asteroid 2012 TC4 observing campaign: Results from a global planetary defense exercise

Author

Reddy, Vishnu, Kelley, Michael S., Farnocchia, Davide, Ryan, William H., Thomas, Cristina A., Benner, Lance A.M., Dotson, Jessie, Micheli, Marco, Brucker, Melissa J., Bus, Schelte J., Brozovic, Marina, Wheeler, Lorien, Abbasi, Viqar, Bauer, James M., Bonsall, Amber, Brown, Zarah L., Busch, Michael W., Chodas, Paul, Choi, Young-Jun, Erasmus, Nicolas, Fast, Kelly E., Faucher, John P., Fernandes, Rachel B., Ghigo, Frank D., Gilbank, David G., Giorgini, Jon D., Gustafsson, Annika, Hainaut, Olivier, Harris, Walter M., Jao, Joseph S., Johnson, Lindley S., Kareta, Theodore, Kim, Myung-Jin, Koschny, Detlef, Kramer, Emily A., Landis, Rob R., Laurin, Denis G., Larsen, Jeffrey A., Lee, Clement G., Lejoly, Cassandra, Lister, Tim, McMillan, Robert, Masiero, Joseph R., Mathias, Donovan, Mommert, Michael, Moon, Hong-Kyu, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Naidu, Shantanu P., Nallapu, Ravi Teja, Niazi, Haris Khan, Noonan, John W., Polishook, David, Ryan, Eileen V., Schatz, Lauren, Scotti, James V., Sharkey, Benjamin, Shustov, Boris M., Sickafoose, Amanda A., Silva, Marc A., Slade, Martin A., Slick, Lindsay R., Snedeker, Lawrence G., Springmann, Alessondra, Tholen, David, Trilling, David E., Vodniza, Alberto Q., Wainscoat, Richard, Weryk, Robert, and Yoshikawa, Makoto

Published
2019
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8. Photometry of the Didymos System across the DART Impact Apparition

Author

Moskovitz, Nicholas, primary, Thomas, Cristina, additional, Pravec, Petr, additional, Lister, Tim, additional, Polakis, Tom, additional, Osip, David, additional, Kareta, Theodore, additional, Rożek, Agata, additional, Chesley, Steven R., additional, Naidu, Shantanu P., additional, Scheirich, Peter, additional, Ryan, William, additional, Ryan, Eileen, additional, Skiff, Brian, additional, Snodgrass, Colin, additional, Knight, Matthew M., additional, Rivkin, Andrew S., additional, Chabot, Nancy L., additional, Ayvazian, Vova, additional, Belskaya, Irina, additional, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, additional, Berteşteanu, Daniel N., additional, Bonavita, Mariangela, additional, Bressi, Terrence H., additional, Brucker, Melissa J., additional, Burgdorf, Martin J., additional, Burkhonov, Otabek, additional, Burt, Brian, additional, Contreras, Carlos, additional, Chatelain, Joseph, additional, Choi, Young-Jun, additional, Daily, Matthew, additional, de León, Julia, additional, Ergashev, Kamoliddin, additional, Farnham, Tony, additional, Fatka, Petr, additional, Ferrais, Marin, additional, Geier, Stefan, additional, Gomez, Edward, additional, Greenstreet, Sarah, additional, Gröller, Hannes, additional, Hergenrother, Carl, additional, Holt, Carrie, additional, Hornoch, Kamil, additional, Husárik, Marek, additional, Inasaridze, Raguli, additional, Jehin, Emmanuel, additional, Khalouei, Elahe, additional, Eluo, Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya, additional, Kim, Myung-Jin, additional, Krugly, Yurij, additional, Kučáková, Hana, additional, Kušnirák, Peter, additional, Larsen, Jeffrey A., additional, Lee, Hee-Jae, additional, Lejoly, Cassandra, additional, Licandro, Javier, additional, Longa-Peña, Penélope, additional, Mastaler, Ronald A., additional, McCully, Curtis, additional, Moon, Hong-Kyu, additional, Morrell, Nidia, additional, Nath, Arushi, additional, Oszkiewicz, Dagmara, additional, Parrott, Daniel, additional, Phillips, Liz, additional, Popescu, Marcel M., additional, Pray, Donald, additional, Prodan, George Pantelimon, additional, Rabus, Markus, additional, Read, Michael T., additional, Reva, Inna, additional, Roark, Vernon, additional, Santana-Ros, Toni, additional, Scotti, James V., additional, Tatara, Taiyo, additional, Thirouin, Audrey, additional, Tholen, David, additional, Troianskyi, Volodymyr, additional, Tubbiolo, Andrew F., additional, and Villa, Katelyn, additional

Published
2024
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9. International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS

Author

Farnocchia, Davide, primary, Reddy, Vishnu, additional, Bauer, James M., additional, Warner, Elizabeth M., additional, Micheli, Marco, additional, Payne, Matthew J., additional, Farnham, Tony, additional, Kelley, Michael S., additional, Balam, David D., additional, Barkov, Anatoly P., additional, Berteşteanu, Daniel, additional, Birlan, Mirel, additional, Bolin, Bryce T., additional, Brucker, Melissa J., additional, Buzzi, Luca, additional, Chambers, Kenneth C., additional, Demetz, Lukas, additional, Djupvik, Anlaug A., additional, Elenin, Leonid, additional, Fini, Paolo, additional, Flynn, Randy, additional, Galli, Gianni, additional, Gao, Xing, additional, Gȩdek, Marcin, additional, Granvik, Mikael, additional, Hasubick, Werner, additional, Ivanov, Alexander L., additional, Ivanov, Viktor A., additional, Ivanova, Natalya V., additional, Jaques, Cristóvão, additional, Kasikov, Anni, additional, Kim, Myung-Jin, additional, Lane, David, additional, Lee, Hee-Jae, additional, Li, Bin, additional, Li, Fan, additional, Lister, Tim, additional, Lysenko, Vadim E., additional, Magnier, Eugene A., additional, Mahomed, Nawaz, additional, McCormick, Jennie, additional, Moon, Darrel, additional, Nastasi, Alessandro, additional, Nedelcu, Dan A., additional, Neue, Guenther, additional, Petrescu, Elisabeta, additional, Popescu, Marcel, additional, Prosperi, Enrico, additional, Reszelewski, Rafał, additional, Roh, Dong-Goo, additional, Romanov, Filipp D., additional, Santana-Ros, Toni, additional, Schmalz, Anastasia, additional, Schmalz, Sergei, additional, Scotti, James V., additional, Seaman, Robert, additional, Sioulas, Nick, additional, Sonka, Adrian B., additional, Tholen, David J., additional, Trelia, Madalina M., additional, Wainscoat, Richard, additional, Wang, Xin, additional, Wells, Guy, additional, Weryk, Robert, additional, Yakovenko, Nikolai A., additional, Ye, Quanzhi, additional, Yim, Hong-Suh, additional, Zhai, Chengxing, additional, Zhang, Chen, additional, Zhao, Haibin, additional, Zhu, Tinglei, additional, and Żołnowski, Michał, additional

Published
2022
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10. International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Farnocchia, Davide, Reddy, Vishnu, Bauer, James M., Warner, Elizabeth M., Micheli, Marco, Payne, Matthew J., Farnham, Tony, Kelley, Michael S., Balam, David D., Barkov, Anatoly P., Berteşteanu, Daniel, Birlan, Mirel, Bolin, Bryce T., Brucker, Melissa J., Buzzi, Luca, Chambers, Kenneth C., Demetz, Lukas, Djupvik, Anlaug A., Elenin, Leonid, Fini, Paolo, Flynn, Randy, Galli, Gianni, Gao, Xing, Gȩdek, Marcin, Granvik, Mikael, Hasubick, Werner, Ivanov, Alexander L., Ivanov, Viktor A., Ivanova, Natalya V., Jaques, Cristóvão, Kasikov, Anni, Kim, Myung-Jin, Lane, David, Lee, Hee-Jae, Li, Bin, Li, Fan, Lister, Tim, Lysenko, Vadim E., Magnier, Eugene A., Mahomed, Nawaz, McCormick, Jennie, Moon, Darrel, Nastasi, Alessandro, Nedelcu, Dan A., Neue, Guenther, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Popescu, Marcel, Prosperi, Enrico, Reszelewski, Rafał, Roh, Dong-Goo, Romanov, Filipp D., Santana-Ros, Toni, Schmalz, Anastasia, Schmalz, Sergei, Scotti, James V., Seaman, Robert, Sioulas, Nick, Sonka, Adrian B., Tholen, David J., Trelia, Madalina M., Wainscoat, Richard, Wang, Xin, Wells, Guy, Weryk, Robert, Yakovenko, Nikolai A., Ye, Quanzhi, Yim, Hong-Suh, Zhai, Chengxing, Zhang, Chen, Zhao, Haibin, Zhu, Tinglei, Żołnowski, Michał, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Farnocchia, Davide, Reddy, Vishnu, Bauer, James M., Warner, Elizabeth M., Micheli, Marco, Payne, Matthew J., Farnham, Tony, Kelley, Michael S., Balam, David D., Barkov, Anatoly P., Berteşteanu, Daniel, Birlan, Mirel, Bolin, Bryce T., Brucker, Melissa J., Buzzi, Luca, Chambers, Kenneth C., Demetz, Lukas, Djupvik, Anlaug A., Elenin, Leonid, Fini, Paolo, Flynn, Randy, Galli, Gianni, Gao, Xing, Gȩdek, Marcin, Granvik, Mikael, Hasubick, Werner, Ivanov, Alexander L., Ivanov, Viktor A., Ivanova, Natalya V., Jaques, Cristóvão, Kasikov, Anni, Kim, Myung-Jin, Lane, David, Lee, Hee-Jae, Li, Bin, Li, Fan, Lister, Tim, Lysenko, Vadim E., Magnier, Eugene A., Mahomed, Nawaz, McCormick, Jennie, Moon, Darrel, Nastasi, Alessandro, Nedelcu, Dan A., Neue, Guenther, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Popescu, Marcel, Prosperi, Enrico, Reszelewski, Rafał, Roh, Dong-Goo, Romanov, Filipp D., Santana-Ros, Toni, Schmalz, Anastasia, Schmalz, Sergei, Scotti, James V., Seaman, Robert, Sioulas, Nick, Sonka, Adrian B., Tholen, David J., Trelia, Madalina M., Wainscoat, Richard, Wang, Xin, Wells, Guy, Weryk, Robert, Yakovenko, Nikolai A., Ye, Quanzhi, Yim, Hong-Suh, Zhai, Chengxing, Zhang, Chen, Zhao, Haibin, Zhu, Tinglei, and Żołnowski, Michał

Abstract

As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0farcs2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.

Published
2022

11. Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign

Author

Reddy, Vishnu, primary, Kelley, Michael S., additional, Dotson, Jessie, additional, Farnocchia, Davide, additional, Erasmus, Nicolas, additional, Polishook, David, additional, Masiero, Joseph, additional, Benner, Lance A. M., additional, Bauer, James, additional, Alarcon, Miguel R., additional, Balam, David, additional, Bamberger, Daniel, additional, Bell, David, additional, Barnardi, Fabrizio, additional, Bressi, Terry H., additional, Brozovic, Marina, additional, Brucker, Melissa J., additional, Buzzi, Luca, additional, Cano, Juan, additional, Cantillo, David, additional, Cennamo, Ramona, additional, Chastel, Serge, additional, Chingis, Omarov, additional, Choi, Young-Jun, additional, Christensen, Eric, additional, Denneau, Larry, additional, Dróżdż, Marek, additional, Elenin, Leonid, additional, Erece, Orhan, additional, Faggioli, Laura, additional, Falco, Carmelo, additional, Glamazda, Dmitry, additional, Graziani, Filippo, additional, Heinze, Aren N., additional, Holman, Matthew J., additional, Ivanov, Alexander, additional, Jacques, Cristovao, additional, Janse van Rensburg, Petro, additional, Kaiser, Galina, additional, Kamiński, Krzysztof, additional, Kamińska, Monika K., additional, Kaplan, Murat, additional, Kim, Dong-Heun, additional, Kim, Myung-Jin, additional, Kiss, Csaba, additional, Kokina, Tatiana, additional, Kuznetsov, Eduard, additional, Larsen, Jeffrey A., additional, Lee, Hee-Jae, additional, Lees, Robert C., additional, de León, Julia, additional, Licandro, Javier, additional, Mainzer, Amy, additional, Marciniak, Anna, additional, Marsset, Michael, additional, Mastaler, Ron A., additional, Mathias, Donovan L., additional, McMillan, Robert S., additional, Medeiros, Hissa, additional, Micheli, Marco, additional, Mokhnatkin, Artem, additional, Moon, Hong-Kyu, additional, Morate, David, additional, Naidu, Shantanu P., additional, Nastasi, Alessandro, additional, Novichonok, Artem, additional, Ogłoza, Waldemar, additional, Pál, András, additional, Pérez-Toledo, Fabricio, additional, Perminov, Alexander, additional, Petrescu, Elisabeta, additional, Popescu, Marcel, additional, Read, Mike T., additional, Reichart, Daniel E., additional, Reva, Inna, additional, Roh, Dong-Goo, additional, Rumpf, Clemens, additional, Satpathy, Akash, additional, Schmalz, Sergei, additional, Scotti, James V., additional, Serebryanskiy, Aleksander, additional, Serra-Ricart, Miquel, additional, Sonbas, Eda, additional, Szakáts, Robert, additional, Taylor, Patrick A., additional, Tonry, John L., additional, Tubbiolo, Andrew F., additional, Veres, Peter, additional, Wainscoat, Richard, additional, Warner, Elizabeth, additional, Weiland, Henry J., additional, Wells, Guy, additional, Weryk, Robert, additional, Wheeler, Lorien F., additional, Wiebe, Yulia, additional, Yim, Hong-Suh, additional, Żejmo, Michał, additional, Zhornichenko, Anastasiya, additional, Zoła, Stanisław, additional, and Michel, Patrick, additional

Published
2022
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12. Recent formation and likely cometary activity of near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2–2019 QR6

Author

Fatka, Petr, primary, Moskovitz, Nicholas A, additional, Pravec, Petr, additional, Micheli, Marco, additional, Devogèle, Maxime, additional, Gustafsson, Annika, additional, Kueny, Jay, additional, Skiff, Brian, additional, Kušnirák, Peter, additional, Christensen, Eric, additional, Ries, Judit, additional, Brucker, Melissa, additional, McMillan, Robert, additional, Larsen, Jeffrey, additional, Mastaler, Ron, additional, and Bressi, Terry, additional

Published
2022
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13. Near-Earth Object Characterization Using Ground-Based Radar Systems

Author

Virkki, Anne, primary, Taylor, Patrick A., additional, Busch, Michael W., additional, Howell, Ellen S., additional, Rivera-Valentín, Edgard G., additional, Fernandez, Yanga, additional, Benner, Lance A. M., additional, Brozovic, Marina, additional, Becker, Tracy M., additional, Marshall, Sean E., additional, Hickson, Dylan C., additional, Masiero, Joseph, additional, Springmann, Alessondra, additional, Paganelli, Flora, additional, Venditti, Flaviane C. F., additional, Marín, Luisa F. Zambrano, additional, Oquendo, Andy Lopez, additional, Womack, Maria, additional, Brucker, Melissa J., additional, Campbell, Bruce A., additional, and Nolan, Michael C., additional

Published
2021
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14. Kuiper Belt Occultation Predictions

Author

Fraser, Wesley C., primary, Gwyn, Stephen, additional, Trujillo, Chad, additional, Stephens, Andrew W., additional, Kavelaars, J. J., additional, Brown, Michael E., additional, Bianco, Federica B., additional, Boyle, Richard P., additional, Brucker, Melissa J., additional, Hetherington, Nathan, additional, Joner, Michael, additional, Keel, William C., additional, Langill, Phil P., additional, Lister, Tim, additional, McMillan, Russet J., additional, and Young, Leslie, additional

Published
2013
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15. SPACEWATCH® OBSERVATIONS of HIGH PRIORITY NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS.

Author

Brucker, Melissa J., McMillan, R. S., Bressi, T. H., Larsen, J. A., Mastaler, R. A., Read, M. T., Scotti, J. V., and Tubbiolo, A. F.

Subjects
NEAR-earth asteroids, OPTICAL astronomy, NEAR-Earth objects, SMALL solar system bodies, ASTRONOMICAL observatories, ASTEROIDS
Published
2021

16. Albedos in the Kuiper Belt

Author

Brucker, Melissa Julianne

Subjects
Kuiper Belt, Trans-Neptunian objects, Infrared albedo
Abstract

I have focused my research on the visual geometric albedos of transneptunian objects (TNOs), how the albedo varies with dynamical class, and whether or not it is correlated to orbital parameters. TNOs are among the least-processed objects in the solar system. By studying them, we can learn about the conditions in the solar system: the density of matter in the protoplanetary disk, the composition of different primordial regions, planetary migration, stirring of the disk, stellar close encounters, collision histories, binary capture, and space weathering. What we learn about how our solar system evolved also can be applied to debris disks surrounding other stars.

Published
2009

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