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1,388 results on '"Brugger, Peter"'

3. Uncertainty promotes neuroreductionism: A behavioral online study on folk psychological causal inference from neuroimaging data

Author

Carmon, Jona, Bammel, Moritz, Brugger, Peter, and Lenggenhager, Bigna

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Introduction. Increased efforts in neuroscience try to understand mental disorders as brain disorders. In the present study we investigate how common a neuroreductionist inclination is among highly educated people. In particular, we shed light on implicit presuppositions of mental disorders little is known about in the public, exemplified here by the case of Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) that is considered a mental disorder for the first time in ICD-11. Methods. Identically graphed, simulated data of mind-brain correlations were shown in three contexts with presumably different presumptions about causality. 738 highly-educated laymen rated plausibility of causality attribution from brain to mind and from mind to brain for correlations between brain structural properties and mental phenomena. We contrasted participants' plausibility ratings of causality in the contexts of commonly perceived brain-lesion induced behavior (aphasia), behavior-induced training effects (piano playing), and a newly described mental disorder (BID). Results. The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation of causality attributions in the contexts of aphasia and piano playing. Furthermore, we observed a significant tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from brain to mind than vice versa with respect to BID. Conclusion. In some contexts, exemplified here by aphasia and piano playing, unidirectional causality attributions may be justified. However, with respect to BID, we critically discuss presumably unjustified neuroreductionist inclinations under causal uncertainty. Finally, we emphasize the need for a presupposition-free approach in psychiatry.

Published
2020

7. Osteocyte lacunae in transiliac bone biopsy samples across life span

Author

Blouin, Stéphane, Misof, Barbara M., Mähr, Matthias, Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja, Roschger, Paul, Lueger, Sonja, Messmer, Phaedra, Keplinger, Petra, Rauch, Frank, Glorieux, Francis H., Berzlanovich, Andrea, Gruber, Gerlinde M., Brugger, Peter C., Shane, Elizabeth, Recker, Robert R., Zwerina, Jochen, and Hartmann, Markus A.

Published
2023
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9. Effect of Surface Heterogeneity on the Boundary-Layer Height: A Case Study at a Semi-Arid Forest

Author

Brugger, Peter, Banerjee, Tirtha, De Roo, Frederik, Kröniger, Konstantin, Qubaja, Rafat, Rohatyn, Shani, Rotenberg, Eyal, Tatarinov, Feodor, Yakir, Dan, Yang, Fulin, and Mauder, Matthias

Subjects
Boundary-layer height, Forests, Surface heterogeneity, Internal boundary layer, Lidar, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

We investigate the effects of an isolated meso-γ-scale surface heterogeneity for roughness and albedo on the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) height, with a case study at a semi-arid forest surrounded by sparse shrubland (forest area: 28km2, forest length in the main wind direction: 7 km). Doppler lidar and ceilometer measurements at this semi-arid forest show an increase in the ABL height over the forest compared with the shrubland on four out of eight days. The differences in the ABL height between shrubland and forest are explained for all days with a model that assumes a linear growth of the internal boundary layer of the forest through the convective ABL upwind of the forest followed by a square-root growth into the stable free atmosphere. For the environmental conditions that existed during our measurements, the increase in ABL height due to large sensible heat fluxes from the forest (600Wm-2 in summer) is subdued by stable stratification in the free atmosphere above the ABL, or reduced by high wind speeds in the mixed layer.

Published
2018

12. The road to Valhalla : can the application of 3D printing technologies benefit the interpretation of museum archaeology?

Author

Brugger, Peter Max, Moser, Stephanie, and Jones, Andrew

Subjects
069
Abstract

Museum artefacts are usually kept behind special glass cases for protection and preservation with access confined to experts; essentially creating a barrier between visitor and priceless artefact. However, only well-funded museums have been able to circumvent these barriers through expensive reproductions, reaping benefits that offer visitors the luxury of touch and the advantages of tactile interaction. These include positive developments in attention, spatial awareness, memory, and in some cases, even healing. To date, little attention has been given to new and inexpensive technologies such as three-dimensional printing technologies as generative tools and as vehicles for interpretation. It is possible with application of Three-dimensional printing technologies that this will benefit the conceptual/methodological growth of the museum where it is applied in the discipline of Archaeology: breaking down barriers between the visitor and the artefact in museums. Data for this thesis is obtained through a mixed-methodology of two separate surveys on museum curators, and general visitors at two museums, and an experiment on object handling with three-dimensional replicas. Results of these areas of analyses also include discussions on copyright laws, the ethics of three-dimensional replicas of artefacts for museums, as well as research from psychology on the effects of sensory and haptic interaction in various fields of study. With the consideration of application, accessibility, and interpretation, this thesis expands upon the overlapping benefits that Three-dimensional printing can bring to artefact interaction in a museum. The implications on both the viability and the benefit of haptic interaction for museum object interpretation and sensory reaffirmation suggest its application as a possible new standard for object handling in museums that offer focus on participatory experiences for the general visitor. This thesis, therefore, presents from a functionalist perspective, new strategies on 21st century museology for the display of artefacts through three dimensional replicas as complementary to the exhibits. As a multi-sensory norm in museum exhibition, this will not only encourage greater immersion and interaction by non-specialist visitors, but eliminate barriers to accessibility, while incorporating deeper appreciation for the object, and greater interaction with handle-able replicas, in tandem with developments and application of accessible and affordable technologies across multiple fields.

Published
2018

18. Improvements to the dynamic wake meandering model by incorporating the turbulent Schmidt number.

Author

Brugger, Peter, Markfort, Corey D., and Porté-Agel, Fernando

Subjects
WIND power, WIND turbines, SENSITIVITY analysis, MATHEMATICAL models, DATA analysis
Abstract

Predictions of the dynamic wake meandering model (DWMM) were compared to flow measurements of a scanning Doppler lidar mounted on the nacelle of a utility-scale wind turbine. We observed that the wake meandering strength of the DWMM agrees better with the observation, if the incoming mean wind speed is used as advection velocity for the downstream transport, while a better temporal agreement is achieved with an advection velocity slower than the incoming mean wind speed. A subsequent investigation of the lateral wake transport revealed differences to the passive tracer assumption of the DWMM in addition to a non-passive downstream transport reported in earlier studies. We propose to include the turbulent Schmidt number in the DWMM to improve (i) the consistency of the model physics and (ii) the prediction quality. Compared to the observations, the thus modified DWMM showed a root-mean-square error reduction by 2 % for mean velocity deficit and 1 % for the turbulence intensity, relative to the unmodified DWMM, in addition to better temporal agreement of the dynamics. This is in contrast to an error increase of 35 % and 36 % if only a more accurate downstream transport velocity is used without including the turbulent Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Semi-automatic Training of an Object Recognition System in Scene Camera Data Using Gaze Tracking and Accelerometers

Author

Cognolato, Matteo, Graziani, Mara, Giordaniello, Francesca, Saetta, Gianluca, Bassetto, Franco, Brugger, Peter, Caputo, Barbara, Müller, Henning, Atzori, Manfredo, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Liu, Ming, editor, Chen, Haoyao, editor, and Vincze, Markus, editor

Published
2017
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42. Successful weaning versus permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: post hoc analysis of a Swiss multicenter study

Author

El-Garci, Ahmed, primary, Zindel-Geisseler, Olivia, additional, Dannecker, Noemi, additional, Rothacher, Yannick, additional, Schlosser, Ladina, additional, Zeitlberger, Anna, additional, Velz, Julia, additional, Sebök, Martina, additional, Eggenberger, Noemi, additional, May, Adrien, additional, Bijlenga, Philippe, additional, Guerra-Lopez, Ursula, additional, Maduri, Rodolfo, additional, Beaud, Valérie, additional, Starnoni, Daniele, additional, Chiappini, Alessio, additional, Rossi, Stefania, additional, Robert, Thomas, additional, Bonasia, Sara, additional, Goldberg, Johannes, additional, Fung, Christian, additional, Bervini, David, additional, Gutbrod, Klemens, additional, Maldaner, Nicolai, additional, Früh, Severin, additional, Schwind, Marc, additional, Bozinov, Oliver, additional, Neidert, Marian C., additional, Brugger, Peter, additional, Keller, Emanuela, additional, Germans, Menno R., additional, Regli, Luca, additional, Hostettler, Isabel C., additional, Stienen, Martin N., additional, _, _, additional, Krayenbühl, Niklaus, additional, Esposito, Giuseppe, additional, Moiraghi, Alessandro, additional, Rocca, Alda, additional, Seule, Martin A., additional, Weyerbrock, Astrid, additional, Hlavica, Martin, additional, and Mueller, Mandy, additional

Published
2023
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45. White matter microstructure and executive functions in congenital heart disease from childhood to adulthood: A pooled case–control study.

Author

Ehrler, Melanie, Brugger, Peter, Greutmann, Matthias, Schlosser, Ladina, Wehrle, Flavia M., Liamlahi, Rabia, Naef, Nadja, Kretschmar, Oliver, O'Gorman, Ruth Tuura, and Latal, Beatrice

Subjects
*YOUNG adults, *EXECUTIVE function, *CONGENITAL heart disease, *WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), *DIFFUSION tensor imaging, *ADULTS
Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are at risk for alterations in the cerebral white matter microstructure (WMM) throughout development. It is unclear whether the extent of WMM alterations changes with age, especially during adolescence when the WMM undergoes rapid maturation. We investigated differences in WMM between patients with CHD and healthy controls from childhood until early adulthood in a pooled sample of children, adolescents, and young adults. The association between WMM and EF was assessed. Patients with CHD (N=78) and controls (N=137) between 9 and 32 years of age underwent diffusion tensor imaging and an executive function test-battery. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated for each white matter tract. Linear regression tested age and group effects (CHD vs control) and their interaction on FA. Relative Variable Importance (RI) estimated the independent contribution of tract FA, presence of CHD, CHD complexity, and parental education to the variability in EF. Mean FA was lower in patients compared to controls in almost all tracts (p between 0.057 and <0.001). WMM alterations in patients were not different depending on age (all interaction effects p>0.074). Predictors of EF were CHD group (RI=43%), parental education (RI=23%), CHD complexity (RI=10%), FA of the hippocampal cingulum (RI=6%) and FA of the corticospinal tract (RI=6%). The lack of group-FA-interactions indicates that the extent of altered FA remains similar across age. Altered FA is associated with EF impairments. CHD is a chronic disease with cerebral and neurocognitive impairments persisting into adulthood and, thus, long-term follow-up programs may improve overall outcome for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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