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Information on future changes in the climate system and their uncertainties is crucial for decision-makers. It is typically provided by combining output from multiple models to account for structural model errors. At the same time there is growing awareness that not all models provide equally plausible and independent simulations. Methods have, therefore, been developed to constrain model distributions based on observations and to account for model dependence, typically based on model output on climatological timescales to minimize the effect of internal variability.However, the recent advent of global km-scale models calls for novel evaluation methods that harness information from short simulations and do not rely on decadal simulations, which are not (yet) available due to computational constraints. Here we show that CMIP6 models can be distinguished from each other even based on daily data and that model interdependencies emerge already at daily timescales. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish 43 CMIP6 models based on daily surface temperature fields in the period 1981-2001.We find that the trained CNN is able to correctly identify up to 80% of test samples from the periods 2005-2014 and 2091-2100. Most misclassifications occur between closely related models. Notably, differences in model resolution and related differences in parametrizations emerge as a clear distinguishing factor.Our research shows that robust conclusions about similarities between models (and potentially models and observations) can already be made based on daily data. This will allow new models or model versions to be evaluated on much shorter time scales than previously possible., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

International audience; Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems are a circular economy paradigm that contribute towards making aquaculture more sustainable and competitive. However, despite being encouraged by European Union (EU) policies such as the Blue Growth Strategy, the Atlantic Action Plan and RIS3, there are socio-economic, administrative and regulatory bottlenecks hampering the uptake of IMTA on an industrial scale. To overcome these, eight organisations from Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom have partnered up to implement the INTEGRATE project (Integrate Aquaculture: an eco-innovative solution to foster sustainability in the Atlantic Area). Funded by the ERDF through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme, the project started in 2017 and will nalise in May 2020.

Over the past decade in the Netherlands, most operators have only developed a single doublet. The learning effect from these single events is suboptimal, and operators have only been capable of developing doublets in areas with relatively low exploration risk. This ‘stand-alone’ approach can be significantly improved by a collective approach to derisk regions with similar subsurface characteristics. Such a play-based portfolio approach, which is common in the oil and gas industry, can help to accelerate the development of the geothermal industry through unlocking resource potential in areas marked by high upfront geological risk, effectively helping reduce costs for the development. The basis of the methodology is to deploy new information to the play portfolio by trading off with the risk of the first wells, resulting in a strong geological risk reduction. The added value of the portfolio approach is demonstrated for the Netherlands in this paper through a comparison with a ‘stand-alone’ development. In the stand-alone approach, each new project will be equally risky, and therefore relatively unprofitable. In the case of a portfolio approach, all experience about the play is used optimally for derisking. In case of success, subsequent projects will have a higher chance of being successful, due to the experience gained in previous projects. Even if a project fails, this may help in increasing the probability of success for subsequent projects. For plays that are initially considered too risky for the market to start developing, the value of information (VoI) of a play-based portfolio approach will help by derisking the play to such an extent that it becomes attractive for the market to develop, even at high initial risk. It can be demonstrated for several geothermal plays in the Netherlands that by adopting the portfolio approach, the probability of a play being developed becomes higher, the number of successfully developed projects increases and the average profitability of the project will also be higher. Five more advantages are: (1) continuous improvement by integrated project development, (2) cost reduction through synergy, efficiency and standardisation, (3) optimisation of the surface heat demand and infrastructure, (4) the possibility of structural research and development (R&D) and innovation, and (5) financing advantages. The advantages reinforce each other. A preliminary estimate of the geothermal potential of the Netherlands adopting the portfolio approach is between 90 and 275 Petajoules (PJ). For about 350 doublets being developed, producing about 70 PJ, the value of the advantage of the play-based portfolio approach is €2 billion for the three main plays: Rotliegend, Triassic and Jurassic/Cretaceous. The learning effects of synergy, efficiency and standardisation are expected to be significant.

In order to make the transition to a low-carbon energy system, sustainable energy sources are required as alternatives for fossil fuels. The heating and cooling sector is of major importance for the final energy consumption in Europe, and therefore the deployment of the thermal energy sector could be a good contribution to a sustainable energy system. In the HEATSTORE project the technical, economic, environmental, regulatory and policy aspects required to support efficient, safe and cost-effective deployment of underground thermal energy storage (UTES) technologies in Europe are being investigated. Within this report potential risks associated with high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) have been assessed. This has been done by building a Risk Inventory tool, which includes potential risks for HT-ATES systems. This tool has been built from an extensive literature study and from expert interpretations, which led to the development of a structured Risk Inventory tool. The Risk Inventory contains risks and their potential mitigation measures associated with HT-ATES. The aim of the inventory is to serve as a checklist for identifying and managing all risks that are applicable for a specific case study. The robustness and value of the Risk Inventory was tested by applying the tool to the Dutch demonstration case on HT-ATES in Middenmeer in The Netherlands, from which the added value of the tool could be validated.

Loading history during drilling, completion and operations of the well can affect wellbore integrity. Debonding along well cement interfaces leads to the creation of micro-annuli and potential leakage pathways. We investigate the risk of debonding by modeling the integrity of an example well throughout its life-time using a finite element analysis tool. Well cement properties under downhole conditions are uncertain and therefore treated in a probabilistic manner. Simulation results for an example well show that a flexible annular cement reduces the risk of debonding and creation of micro-annuli along well cement interfaces. A quantitative measure of risk reduction is provided by probability density functions. Overall, probability functions of model output parameters from simulations with real well data can be used as input to a well integrity risk assessment framework that can incorporate diverse data and uncertain information.

Introduction Au cours de ces vingt dernières années, une trentaine d’études, testant différentes interventions visant à améliorer la prise en charge des patients usagers fréquents des urgences (UFU) ont été effectuées. Dans ces interventions, les médecins de premier recours (MPR) n’apparaissent que peu. En effet, à aucun moment, ils n’ont le rôle de référent principal du patient. De même, il n’existe pas de données ayant trait au ressenti des MPR face à la situation qu’ils rencontrent avec leurs patients UFU. Cette étude vise donc à faire connaître la représentation que se font différents MPR lausannois de la situation de leurs patients UFU ainsi que leur ressenti face à l’implication et au rôle qu’ils pensent avoir dans la prise en charge de ces derniers, notamment vis-à-vis des urgences, qui, avec leur prise en charge fréquente des patients UFU, prennent peut-être le pas sur les MPR. Cette étude vise également à recueillir l’appréciation des MPR des lettres qu’ils reçoivent de l’Equipe mobilité vulnérabilitéS (EmvS) de la PMU, qui détaillent les raisons pour lesquelles les patients ont été aux urgences, leur situation somatique, psychiatrique et sociale et la prise en charge effectuée au sein de l’hôpital. Méthode Cette étude a débuté par une recherche exhaustive de la littérature traitant des patients UFU et de leur rapport avec les urgences et les MPR. A partir de celle-ci et de la lecture des lettres écrites par l’EmvS, des questionnaires ont été élaborés et utilisés sous forme d’approche qualitative au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés avec 8 MPR de la région lausannoise, installés ou travaillant à la PMU. Résultats Pour tous leurs patients UFU, les MPR rapportent des facteurs de vulnérabilité sociaux et médicaux, tels qu’isolement social et abus de substances. Ils rapportent également pour certains patients une polymorbidité complexe, intrication de conditions somatiques et psychiatriques, surtout de l’ordre de l’anxiété. Les MPR travaillant à la PMU estiment plutôt avoir de la peine à établir un partenariat et un suivi durable avec leurs patients UFU, notamment en raison du manque d’adhésion thérapeutique de ces derniers ou de leur insatisfaction constante envers leur prise en charge. Les MPR ressentent ainsi une certaine fatigue et une impuissance. Les MPR installés, en revanche, se sentent majoritairement très impliqués dans la prise en charge de leurs patients, malgré la haute fréquentation des urgences de ces derniers et le fait qu’ils ne soient pas intégrés dans leur prise en charge intra-hospitalière. Dans la majorité des cas, les lettres écrites pas l’EmvS sont très appréciées par les MPR, notamment pour leur exhaustivité qui permet aux MPR de se représenter l’entièreté de la situation de leurs patients avec précision. Cependant, 2 MPR déplorent le manque de partenariat direct avec l’EmvS et auraient souhaité être plus impliqués lors de la prise en charge de leurs patients par cette dernière. Conclusion Bien que cela ne soit pas ressenti comme tel par tous, les MPR sont globalement écartés de la prise en charge intra-hospitalière de leurs patients UFU. En effet, les MPR ne sont pas impliqués directement lorsque leurs patients se rendent aux urgences mais reçoivent par la suite un court fax résumant la prise en charge. C’est ce lien entre intra- et extra-hospitalier que l’EmvS tente de renforcer par les lettres qu’elle envoie aux MPR et qui permettent à ces derniers de se réapproprier l’histoire de leurs patients et ainsi de reprendre un rôle plus actif à leurs côtés.

QS-21, a saponin extracted from the tree Quillaja saponaria Molina, is a vaccine adjuvant which has been shown to elicit robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in a variety of preclinical and clinical studies [1]. Its purification from the natural source is a lengthy and difficult process. The commercially available saponin mixture Quil-A® is a fraction of the bark extract containing a variety of saponins, including QS-21. In order to facilitate access to QS-21 at laboratory-scale amounts, we propose here a method of purification of QS-21 starting from Quil-A®. In addition, we describe a protocol to appropriately formulate QS-21 into cholesterol-containing, neutral liposomes which are known to decrease QS-21's hemolytic activity while retaining the adjuvant effect. Methods for the physicochemical characterization of purified QS-21 and of the QS-21/liposome formulations are also described.

The H2020 GATEWAY project aims to develop a comprehensive model Pilot Case which, intentionally, will pave the ground for CCS deployment in Europe. It will result from the assessment of, technical, commercial, judicial and societal issues related to a future CO2 transport infrastructure. The Pilot Case derived on this basis, will emphasize a gateway for CO2 transport in the North Sea Basin. Four potential pilot cases have been evaluated through a combination of techno-economic modelling of the individual cases and evaluation against more qualitative criteria. The chosen Pilot Case, Rotterdam Nucleus, will be refined and developed during the remaining period of the GATEWAY project. To maximise impact, the GATEWAY project adapts its work to lay the foundation for a future application to a European ‘Project of Common Interest’ (PCI). Continuous dialogue with the most relevant stakeholders is an important part of GATEWAY, as a Coordination and Support Action (CSA) H2020 project.

The use of CO2 storage for carbon emission reduction is crucial to achieve climate change goals. This can be seen through the efforts governments and organizations are putting on carbon capture and storage (CCS), such as at the recent climate talks in Paris (COP21) and reports from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Along with the push for CCS comes the requirement to ensure the safe and secure implementation of underground CO2 storage in order to gather support from governments and the public. The Mitigation and Remediation of CO2 Leakage (MiReCOL) project is designed to address this issue. MiReCOL is intended for CO2 storage operators and regulators and provides analyses of mitigation and remediation techniques against various leakage mechanisms. The analyses include computer simulation, laboratory tests, and field tests in Ketzin, Germany, Becej, Serbia and K12-b. The Netherlands and cover both new and existing mitigation techniques. The project culminates with the compilation of a handbook of corrective measures and web tool, which will serve as a resource for operators and regulators. The handbook and web tool will be based off of the research conducted on the leakage mitigation techniques and the results obtained.