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1. Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Collins, T., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Scarpin, J. de Assis, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Nieves, C. Escañuela, Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Heß, B., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jung-Richardt, I., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Pensec, U., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Ravikularaman, S., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Ren, H., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sabri, K., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The colliding-wind binary system $\eta$ Carinae has been identified as a source of high-energy (HE, below $\sim$100\,GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE, above $\sim$100\,GeV) gamma rays in the last decade, making it unique among these systems. With its eccentric 5.5-year-long orbit, the periastron passage, during which the stars are separated by only $1-2$\,au, is an intriguing time interval to probe particle acceleration processes within the system. In this work, we report on an extensive VHE observation campaign that for the first time covers the full periastron passage carried out with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in its 5-telescope configuration with upgraded cameras. VHE gamma-ray emission from $\eta$ Carinae was detected during the periastron passage with a steep spectrum with spectral index $\Gamma= 3.3 \pm 0.2_{\mathrm{stat}} \, \pm 0.1_{\mathrm{syst}}$. Together with previous and follow-up observations, we derive a long-term light curve sampling one full orbit, showing hints of an increase of the VHE flux towards periastron, but no hint of variability during the passage itself. An analysis of contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data shows that the VHE spectrum represents a smooth continuation of the HE spectrum. From modelling the combined spectrum we conclude that the gamma-ray emission region is located at distances of ${\sim}10 - 20$\,au from the centre of mass of the system and that protons are accelerated up to energies of at least several TeV inside the system in this phase., Comment: Accepted at A&A; 11 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2025

2. High-Statistics Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron Spectrum with H.E.S.S

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Collins, T., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Grolleron, G., Heß, B., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Kerszberg, D., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, D., Pensec, U., Peron, G., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Ravikularaman, S., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reis, I., Ren, H., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sharma, A., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such as annihilation of dark matter particles. We present a high-statistics measurement of the spectrum of CRe candidate events from 0.3 to 40 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), covering two orders of magnitude in energy and reaching a proton rejection power of better than $10^{4}$. The measured spectrum is well described by a broken power law, with a break around 1 TeV, where the spectral index increases from $\Gamma_1 = 3.25$ $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\pm$ 0.2 (sys) to $\Gamma_2 = 4.49$ $\pm$ 0.04 (stat) $\pm$ 0.2 (sys). Apart from the break, the spectrum is featureless. The absence of distinct signatures at multi-TeV energies imposes constraints on the presence of nearby CRe accelerators and the local CRe propagation mechanisms., Comment: main paper: 8 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/
Published: 2024
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3. The potential of Brillouin Spectroscopy for investigating the mechanical properties of hydrogels during dehydration

Author: Czibula, Caterina, Simoes, Mónica G., Ulz, Manfred H., Ravanello, Bruno B., Elsayad, Kareem, Hirn, Ulrich, and Koski, Kristie J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: Hydrogels are attractive and versatile gel-based structures consisting of three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers with unique properties that can retain a large amount of water and be tailor-designed according to specific requirements, and thus, suitable for numerous commercial areas (i.e., medicine, agriculture, electronics, cosmetics, etc.). However, since these materials can be very soft and flexible, mechanical characterization is challenging. This study explores the mechanical properties of a cellulose-based hydrogel using the optical, non-contact technique Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy (BLS). Two differently dried hydrogel samples were investigated and pre-characterized for their morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their mechanical performance by tensile testing. Then, BLS spectra were recorded to characterize the material's stiffness, indicating that the structural arrangement of the material due to the drying procedure (the density) is the main factor limiting the material's strength. By further analyzing the effect of moisture and the changes during drying, we characterize the mechanical behavior of organic hydrogel films and sponges and their dehydration evolution to understand the liquid-solid transition.
Published: 2024

4. Shearless bifurcations for two isochronous resonant perturbations

Author: Leal, Bruno B., Lazarotto, Matheus J., Mugnaine, Michele, de Almeida, Alfredo M. Ozorio, Viana, Ricardo L., and Caldas, Iberê L.
Subjects: Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract: In nontwist systems, primary shearless curves act as barriers to chaotic transport. Surprisingly, the onset of secondary shearless curves has been reported in a few twist systems. Meanwhile, we found that, in twist systems, the onset of these secondary shearless curves is a standard process that may appear as control parameters are varied in situations where there is resonant mode coupling. Namely, we analyze these shearless bifurcations in two-harmonic systems for the standard map, the Ullmann map, and for the Walker-Ford Hamiltonian flow. The onset of shearless curves is related to bifurcations of periodic points. Furthermore, depending on the bifurcation, these shearless curves can emerge alone or in pairs, and in some cases, deform into separatrices.
Published: 2024

5. Very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission from young massive star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Heß, B., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Marandon, V., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Pensec, U., Peron, G., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Ravikularaman, S., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sabri, K., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud is known for its high star formation activity. At its center lies the young massive star cluster R136, providing a significant amount of the energy that makes the nebula shine so brightly at many wavelengths. Recently, young massive star clusters have been suggested to also efficiently produce high-energy cosmic rays, potentially beyond PeV energies. Here, we report the detection of very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission from the direction of R136 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, achieved through a multicomponent, likelihood-based modeling of the data. This supports the hypothesis that R136 is indeed a very powerful cosmic-ray accelerator. Moreover, from the same analysis, we provide an updated measurement of the $\gamma$-ray emission from 30 Dor C, the only superbubble detected at TeV energies presently. The $\gamma$-ray luminosity above $0.5\,\mathrm{TeV}$ of both sources is $(2-3)\times 10^{35}\,\mathrm{erg}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. This exceeds by more than a factor of 2 the luminosity of HESS J1646$-$458, which is associated with the most massive young star cluster in the Milky Way, Westerlund 1. Furthermore, the $\gamma$-ray emission from each source is extended with a significance of $>3\sigma$ and a Gaussian width of about $30\,\mathrm{pc}$. For 30 Dor C, a connection between the $\gamma$-ray emission and the nonthermal X-ray emission appears likely. Different interpretations of the $\gamma$-ray signal from R136 are discussed., Comment: 10+11 pages, 4+6 figures. Corresponding authors: L. Mohrmann, N. Komin
Published: 2024
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6. H.E.S.S. observations of the 2021 periastron passage of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Heß, B., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khangulyan, D., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meintjes, P. J., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Pensec, U., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reis, I., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: PSR B1259-63 is a gamma-ray binary system that hosts a pulsar in an eccentric orbit, with a 3.4 year period, around an O9.5Ve star. At orbital phases close to periastron passages, the system radiates bright and variable non-thermal emission. We report on an extensive VHE observation campaign conducted with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, comprised of ~100 hours of data taken from $t_p-24$ days to $t_p+127$ days around the system's 2021 periastron passage. We also present the timing and spectral analyses of the source. The VHE light curve in 2021 is consistent with the stacked light curve of all previous observations. Within the light curve, we report a VHE maximum at times coincident with the third X-ray peak first detected in the 2021 X-ray light curve. In the light curve -- although sparsely sampled in this time period -- we see no VHE enhancement during the second disc crossing. In addition, we see no correspondence to the 2021 GeV flare in the VHE light curve. The VHE spectrum obtained from the analysis of the 2021 dataset is best described by a power law of spectral index $\Gamma = 2.65 \pm 0.04_{\text{stat}}$ $\pm 0.04_{\text{sys}}$, a value consistent with the previous H.E.S.S. observations of the source. We report spectral variability with a difference of $\Delta \Gamma = 0.56 ~\pm~ 0.18_{\text{stat}}$ $~\pm~0.10_{\text{sys}}$ at 95% c.l., between sub-periods of the 2021 dataset. We also find a linear correlation between contemporaneous flux values of X-ray and TeV datasets, detected mainly after $t_p+25$ days, suggesting a change in the available energy for non-thermal radiation processes. We detect no significant correlation between GeV and TeV flux points, within the uncertainties of the measurements, from $\sim t_p-23$ days to $\sim t_p+126$ days. This suggests that the GeV and TeV emission originate from different electron populations., Comment: accepted to A&A
Published: 2024

7. Exploring the Benefits of Vision Foundation Models for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Author: Englert, Brunó B., Piva, Fabrizio J., Kerssies, Tommie, de Geus, Daan, and Dubbelman, Gijs
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Achieving robust generalization across diverse data domains remains a significant challenge in computer vision. This challenge is important in safety-critical applications, where deep-neural-network-based systems must perform reliably under various environmental conditions not seen during training. Our study investigates whether the generalization capabilities of Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) and Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) methods for the semantic segmentation task are complementary. Results show that combining VFMs with UDA has two main benefits: (a) it allows for better UDA performance while maintaining the out-of-distribution performance of VFMs, and (b) it makes certain time-consuming UDA components redundant, thus enabling significant inference speedups. Specifically, with equivalent model sizes, the resulting VFM-UDA method achieves an 8.4$\times$ speed increase over the prior non-VFM state of the art, while also improving performance by +1.2 mIoU in the UDA setting and by +6.1 mIoU in terms of out-of-distribution generalization. Moreover, when we use a VFM with 3.6$\times$ more parameters, the VFM-UDA approach maintains a 3.3$\times$ speed up, while improving the UDA performance by +3.1 mIoU and the out-of-distribution performance by +10.3 mIoU. These results underscore the significant benefits of combining VFMs with UDA, setting new standards and baselines for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in semantic segmentation., Comment: CVPR 2024 Workshop Proceedings for the Second Workshop on Foundation Models
Published: 2024

8. Anthropogenic impacts on plant-pollinator networks of tropical forests: implications for pollinators coextinction

Author: Oliveira, Jefferson Bruno B. S., Oliveira, Hernani F. M., Dáttilo, Wesley, and Paolucci, Lucas N.
Published: 2025
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9. Frequent rainfall-induced new particle formation within the canopy in the Amazon rainforest

Author: Machado, Luiz A. T., Unfer, Gabriela R., Brill, Sebastian, Hildmann, Stefanie, Pöhlker, Christopher, Cheng, Yafang, Williams, Jonathan, Hartwig, Harder, Andreae, Meinrat O., Artaxo, Paulo, Curtius, Joachim, Franco, Marco A., Cecchini, Micael A., Edtbauer, Achim, Hoffmann, Thorsten, Holanda, Bruna, Khadir, Théodore, Krejci, Radovan, Kremper, Leslie A., Liu, Yunfan, Meller, Bruno B., Pöhlker, Mira L., Quesada, Carlos A., Ringsdorf, Akima, Riipinen, Ilona, Trumbore, Susan, Wolff, Stefan, Lelieveld, Jos, and Pöschl, Ulrich
Published: 2024
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10. GAN: Dynamics

Author: Delgadino, M. G., Suassuna, Bruno B., and Cabrera, Rene
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract: We study quantitatively the overparametrization limit of the original Wasserstein-GAN algorithm. Effectively, we show that the algorithm is a stochastic discretization of a system of continuity equations for the parameter distributions of the generator and discriminator. We show that parameter clipping to satisfy the Lipschitz condition in the algorithm induces a discontinuous vector field in the mean field dynamics, which gives rise to blow-up in finite time of the mean field dynamics. We look into a specific toy example that shows that all solutions to the mean field equations converge in the long time limit to time periodic solutions, this helps explain the failure to converge., Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

11. Convolutional Neural Network Model Observers Discount Signal-like Anatomical Structures During Search in Virtual Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Phantoms

Author: Jonnalagadda, Aditya, Barufaldi, Bruno B., Maidment, Andrew D. A., Weinstein, Susan P., Abbey, Craig K., and Eckstein, Miguel P.
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Model observers are computational tools to evaluate and optimize task-based medical image quality. Linear model observers, such as the Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO), predict human accuracy in detection tasks with a few possible signal locations in clinical phantoms or real anatomic backgrounds. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proposed as a new type of model observer. What is not well understood is what CNNs add over the more common linear model observer approaches. We compare the CHO and CNN detection accuracy to the radiologist's accuracy in searching for two types of signals (mass and microcalcification) embedded in 2D/3D breast tomosynthesis phantoms (DBT). We show that the CHO model's accuracy is comparable to the CNN's performance for a location-known-exactly detection task. However, for the search task with 2D/3D DBT phantoms, the CHO's detection accuracy was significantly lower than the CNN accuracy. A comparison to the radiologist's accuracy showed that the CNN but not the CHO could match or exceed the radiologist's accuracy in the 2D microcalcification and 3D mass search conditions. An analysis of the eye position showed that radiologists fixated more often and longer at the locations corresponding to CNN false positives. Most CHO false positives were the phantom's normal anatomy and were not fixated by radiologists. In conclusion, we show that CNNs can be used as an anthropomorphic model observer for the search task for which traditional linear model observers fail due to their inability to discount false positives arising from the anatomical backgrounds., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication
Published: 2024

12. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

Author: Algaba, J. C., Balokovic, M., Chandra, S., Cheong, W. Y., Cui, Y. Z., D'Ammando, F., Falcone, A. D., Ford, N. M., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Gurwell, M. A., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Kerby, S., Kim, J. Y., Kino, M., Kravchenko, E. V., Lee, S. S., Lu, R. S., Markoff, S., Michail, J., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Ripperda, B., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Sheridan, C., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Bandyopadhyay, B., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Bustamante, S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K., Chang, D. O., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, S., Chen, M. -T., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conroy, N. S., Conway, J. E., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Dahale, R., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Dhruv, V., Dihingia, I. K., Doeleman, S. S., Dzib, S. A., Eatough, R. P., Emami, R., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Foschi, M., Fraga-Encinas, R., Freeman, W. T., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., Gómez, J. L., Gu, M., Hesper, R., Heumann, D., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -W. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jones, A. C., Joshi, A. V., Jung, T., Karuppusamy, R., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kocherlakota, P., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, C., Kramer, J. A., Kramer, M., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C. -Y., La Bella, N., Levis, A., Li, Z., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Lindqvist, M., Lisakov, M., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C. J., Lowitz, A. E., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Montgomery, J., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Mulaudzi, W., Müller, C., Müller, H., Mus, A., Musoke, G., Myserlis, I., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nair, D. G., Nakamura, M., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Fuentes, S. Navarro, Ni, C., Oh, J., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Paraschos, G. Filippos, Park, J., Parsons, H., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., PopStefanija, A., Porth, O., Prather, B., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Roelofs, F., Romero-Cañizales, C., Ros, E., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruiz, I., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Argüelles, D., Sánchez-Portal, M., Satapathy, K., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schonfeld, J., Schuster, K. -F., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., SooHoo, J., Salas, L. D. Sosapanta, Souccar, K., Stanway, J. S., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Toscano, T., Traianou, E., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Turk, M., van Bemmel, I., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Vos, J., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Washington, J. E., Weintroub, J., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wiik, K., Witzel, G., Wondrak, M. F., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yadlapalli, N., Yamaguchi, P., Yfantis, A., Yoon, D., Young, A., Younsi, Z., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zensus, J. A., Zhang, S., Zhao, G. -Y., Zhao, S. -S., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Orestano, P. Cristarella, Cutini, S., Di Lalla, N., Dinesh, A., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasbarra, C., Germani, S., Giliberti, M., Grenier, I. A., Hays, E., Horan, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Maldera, S., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Persic, M., Rainò, S., Rani, B., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sánchez-Conde, M., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Torres, D. F., Zaharijas, G., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brown, A., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Czerny, T., Dainotti, M., Dubus, F., Dumm, J., D'Urso, G., Drouhin, A., Durouchoux, P., Fabbian, D., Franczak, D., Funk, M., Gabanyi, J., Gaggero, G., Garcia, N., Geiger, A., Giorgi, M. G., Gleeson, S., Gonzalez, S., Gauthier, G. T., Grasso, P., Hovatta, T., Hyman, J., Kaaret, C., Kirk, D., Lal, S., Lesch, T. M., Lohmann, K., Massaro, C., Mayer, M., Meintjes, P. J., Miral, E., Mirra, A., Neronov, J., Padovani, E., Paccagnella, F., Parisi, E., Piotrowska, A., Pohl, S., Puga, G., Ramirez, L. R., Reville, S., Rowell, D. S., Rudge, M., Rybka, G., Schlenstedt, M. S., Seo, E. S., Svirski, J., Taylor, J. R., Torres, F., Tsujimoto, K., Tosti, F., Volpi, S., Walraven, N. A., Welker, L., Zietkiewicz, M., Abdalla, G., Aleva, C., Benkhali, H. A. Ait, Aldous, M., Amin, M., Aschieri, M. A., de Deus, E., Santos, J. de Los, Fontanot, D., Jorfi, S., Levens, P., Zwart, A. E. E., Oliviero, S., Puglisi, D., Thiel, M., Zaharijas, C., Amaral, F., Boella, L., Holincheck, L., Queiroz, R., Sofue, H., Tellis, G., Wagner, G., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zywucka, N., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babic, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Laínez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolic, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Benbow, W., Christiansen, J. L., Duerr, A., Errando, M., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hanlon, W., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Johnson, M. N., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ning, W., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. K., Tucci, J. V., Valverde, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Chen, Z., Cui, L., Hirota, T., Li, B., Li, G., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Ma, J., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, J., Wang, N., Xia, B., Yan, H., Yonekura, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, R., Zhong, W., group, The Event Horizon Telescope - Multi-wavelength science working, Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope, Collaboration, The Fermi Large Area Telescope, Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Collaboration, MAGIC, Collaboration, VERITAS, and Collaboration, EAVN
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of the only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conduct phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV has more than doubled within a period of about 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling., Comment: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics on August. 29, 2024
Published: 2024
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13. Unveiling extended gamma-ray emission around HESS J1813-178

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitt, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: HESS J1813$-$178 is a very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source spatially coincident with the young and energetic pulsar PSR J1813$-$1749 and thought to be associated with its pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Recently, evidence for extended high-energy emission in the vicinity of the pulsar has been revealed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. This motivates revisiting the HESS J1813$-$178 region, taking advantage of improved analysis methods and an extended data set. Using data taken by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment and the Fermi-LAT, we aim to describe the $\gamma$-ray emission in the region with a consistent model, to provide insights into its origin. We performed a likelihood-based analysis on 32 hours of H.E.S.S. data and 12 years of Fermi-LAT data and fit a spectro-morphological model to the combined datasets. These results allowed us to develop a physical model for the origin of the observed $\gamma$-ray emission in the region. In addition to the compact very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission centered on the pulsar, we find a significant yet previously undetected component along the Galactic plane. With Fermi-LAT data, we confirm extended high-energy emission consistent with the position and elongation of the extended emission observed with H.E.S.S. These results establish a consistent description of the emission in the region from GeV energies to several tens of TeV. This study suggests that HESS J1813$-$178 is associated with a $\gamma$-ray PWN powered by PSR J1813$-$1749. A possible origin of the extended emission component is inverse Compton emission from electrons and positrons that have escaped the confines of the pulsar and form a halo around the PWN., Comment: 13+5 pages, 13+11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: T.Wach, A.Mitchell, V.Joshi, P.Chamb\'ery
Published: 2024
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14. Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Filipović, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., and Harding, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy $\gamma$ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula's $\gamma$-ray emission between 1 GeV and $\sim$100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package Gammapy, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing $\gamma$-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties., Comment: 18+6 pages, 15+2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: M. Meyer, L. Mohrmann, T. Unbehaun. v2: after A&A language editing
Published: 2024
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15. Curvature in the very-high energy gamma-ray spectrum of M87

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bulik C., Bylund, T., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Collins, T., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Fegan, S., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Lypova, I., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Pensec, U., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zilberman, P., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The radio galaxy M87 is a variable very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray source, exhibiting three major flares reported in 2005, 2008, and 2010. Despite extensive studies, the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission is yet to be understood. In this study, we investigate the VHE gamma-ray spectrum of M87 during states of high gamma-ray activity, utilizing 20.2$\,$ hours the H.E.S.S. observations. Our findings indicate a preference for a curved spectrum, characterized by a log-parabola model with extra-galactic background light (EBL) model above 0.3$\,$TeV at the 4$\sigma$ level, compared to a power-law spectrum with EBL. We investigate the degeneracy between the absorption feature and the EBL normalization and derive upper limits on EBL models mainly sensitive in the wavelength range 12.4$\,$$\mu$m - 40$\,$$\mu$m., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Victor Barbosa Martins, Rahul Cecil, Iryna Lypova, Manuel Meyer, Perri Zilberman. Supplementary material: https://zenodo.org/records/10781524
Published: 2024
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16. Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaou, M., Breuhau, M., Brose, R., Brown, A. M., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzman, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system with collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), finding an energy-dependent shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission of the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate the gamma rays are produced by inverse-Compton scattering. Modelling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs and conclude that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons., Comment: Submitted 20th Apr. 2023, published 25th January 2024 (accepted version)
Published: 2024
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17. Isochronous bifurcations in a two-parameter twist map

Author: Mugnaine, Michele, Leal, Bruno B., de Almeida, Alfredo M. Ozorio, Viana, Ricardo L., and Caldas, Iberê L.
Subjects: Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract: Isochronous islands in phase space emerge in twist Hamiltonian systems as a response to multiple resonant perturbations. According to the Poincar\'e-Birkhoff theorem, the number of islands depends on the system characteristics and the perturbation. We analyze, for the two-parameter standard map, also called two-harmonic standard map, how the island chains are modified as the perturbation amplitude increases. We identified three routes for the transition from one chain, associated with one harmonic, to the chain associated with the other harmonic, based on a combination of pitchfork and saddle-node bifurcations. These routes can present intermediate island chains configurations. Otherwise, the destruction of the islands always occurs through the pitchfork bifurcation.
Published: 2023
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18. Molecular identification of whole squids and calamari at fairs and markets in regions of Latin America

Author: Paiva, Bianca Lima, Rodrigues, Alan Erik Souza, Almeida, Igor Oliveira de Freitas, Silva, Kamila de Fatima, Haimovici, Manuel, Markaida, Unai, Charvet, Patricia, Faria, Vicente Vieira, Batista, Bruno B., Tomás, Acácio Ribeiro Gomes, Rodrigues-Filho, Luis Fernando da Silva, Ready, Jonathan Stuart, and Sales, João Bráullio de Luna
Published: 2024
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19. Childhood obesity is associated with a high degree of metabolic disturbance in children from Brazilian semi-arid region

Author: Ferreira, Isabella B B, Gomes, Alexvon N, Almeida, Isadora B C, Fernandes, Mariana D, Coutinho, Ludmilla F, Lago, Renata, Menezes, Camilla A, Vianna, Nelzair A, Oliveira, Ricardo R, Fukutani, Eduardo R, Menezes, Rodrigo C, Ladeia, Ana Marice, and Andrade, Bruno B
Published: 2024
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20. Machine learning algorithms using national registry data to predict loss to follow-up during tuberculosis treatment

Author: Rodrigues, Moreno M. S., Barreto-Duarte, Beatriz, Vinhaes, Caian L., Araújo-Pereira, Mariana, Fukutani, Eduardo R., Bergamaschi, Keityane Bone, Kristki, Afrânio, Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo, Rolla, Valeria C., Sterling, Timothy R., Queiroz, Artur T. L., and Andrade, Bruno B.
Published: 2024
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21. Author Correction: A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats

Author: Ferreira, Julio C. B., Campos, Juliane C., Qvit, Nir, Qi, Xin, Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bechara, Luiz R. G., Lima, Vanessa M., Queliconi, Bruno B., Disatnik, Marie-Helene, Dourado, Paulo M. M., Kowaltowski, Alicia J., and Mochly-Rosen, Daria
Published: 2024
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22. Novel yeast-based biosensor for environmental monitoring of tebuconazole

Author: Mendes, Filipa, Miranda, Eduarda, Amaral, Leslie, Carvalho, Carla, Castro, Bruno B., Sousa, Maria João, and Chaves, Susana R.
Published: 2024
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23. Chiral Oxazoline-Triazole-Benzothiazole Molecular Triads: Photoactive Sensors for Enantioselective Carbohydrate Recognition in Solution

Author: Natalí P. Debia, Lilian C. Da Luz, Bruno B. de Araújo, Paulo F. B. Gonçalves, Fabiano S. Rodembusch, and Diogo S. Lüdtke
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Published: 2025
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24. Transient Expression of Zika NS2B Protein Antigen in Nicotiana benthamiana and Use for Arboviruses Diagnosis

Author: Mario A. M. Herazo, Daylana R. S. Dantas, Bruno B. Silva, Helen P. S. Costa, Eduarda N. F. N. Santos, Luiz F. W. G. Moura, João X. S. Neto, Maurício F. Van Tilburg, Eridan O. P. T. Florean, Arlindo A. Moura, and Maria I. F. Guedes
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Published: 2025
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25. Discovery of a Radiation Component from the Vela Pulsar Reaching 20 Teraelectronvolts

Author: Collaboration, The H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, OBrien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yassin, H., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Zanin, R., Kerr, M., Johnston, S., Shannon, R. M., and Smith, D. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Gamma-ray observations have established energetic isolated pulsars as outstanding particle accelerators and antimatter factories in the Galaxy. There is, however, no consensus regarding the acceleration mechanisms and the radiative processes at play, nor the locations where these take place. The spectra of all observed gamma-ray pulsars to date show strong cutoffs or a break above energies of a few gigaelectronvolt (GeV). Using the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes, we discovered a novel radiation component emerging beyond this generic GeV cutoff in the Vela pulsar's broadband spectrum. The extension of gamma-ray pulsation energies up to at least 20 teraelectronvolts (TeV) shows that Vela pulsar can accelerate particles to Lorentz factors higher than $4\times10^7$. This is an order of magnitude larger than in the case of the Crab pulsar, the only other pulsar detected in the TeV energy range. Our results challenge the state-of-the-art models for high-energy emission of pulsars while providing a new probe, i.e. the energetic multi-TeV component, for constraining the acceleration and emission processes in their extreme energy limit., Comment: 38 pages, 6 figures. This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Nature Astronomy, Nat Astron (2023), and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02052-3
Published: 2023
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26. Vertically resolved aerosol variability at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory under wet-season conditions

Author: Franco, Marco A, Valiati, Rafael, Holanda, Bruna A, Meller, Bruno B, Kremper, Leslie A, Rizzo, Luciana V, Carbone, Samara, Morais, Fernando G, Nascimento, Janaína P, Andreae, Meinrat O, Cecchini, Micael A, Machado, Luiz AT, Ponczek, Milena, Pöschl, Ulrich, Walter, David, Pöhlker, Christopher, and Artaxo, Paulo
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract: Abstract. The wet-season atmosphere in the central Amazon resembles natural conditions with minimal anthropogenic influence, making it one of the rare preindustrial-like continental areas worldwide. Previous long-term studies have analyzed the properties and sources of the natural Amazonian background aerosol. However, the vertical profile of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) has not been assessed systematically. Since 2017, such a profile assessment has been possible with the 325 m high tower at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), located in a largely untouched primary forest in the central Amazon. This study investigates the variability of submicrometer aerosol concentration, size distribution, and optical properties at 60 and 325 m in the Amazonian PBL. The results show significant differences in aerosol volumes and scattering coefficients in the vertical gradient. The aerosol population was well-mixed throughout the boundary layer during the daytime but became separated upon stratification during the nighttime. We also found a significant difference in the spectral dependence of the scattering coefficients between the two heights. The analysis of downdrafts and the related rainfall revealed changes in the aerosol populations before and after rain events, with absorption and scattering coefficients decreasing as optically active particles are removed by wet deposition. The recovery of absorption and scattering coefficients is faster at 325 m than at 60 m. Convective events were concomitant with rapid increases in the concentrations of sub-50 nm particles, which were likely associated with downdrafts. We found that the aerosol population near the canopy had a significantly higher mass scattering efficiency than at 325 m. There was also a clear spectral dependence, with values for λ=450, 525, and 635 nm of 7.74±0.12, 5.49±0.11, and 4.15±0.11 m2 g−1, respectively, at 60 m, while at 325 m the values were 5.26±0.06, 3.76±0.05, and 2.46±0.04 m2 g−1, respectively. The equivalent aerosol refractive index results, which were obtained for the first time for the wet season in the central Amazon, show slightly higher scattering (real) components at 60 m compared to 325 m of 1.33 and 1.27, respectively. In contrast, the refractive index's absorptive (imaginary) component was identical for both heights, at 0.006. This study shows that the aerosol physical properties at 60 and 325 m are different, likely due to aging processes, and strongly depend on the photochemistry, PBL dynamics, and aerosol sources. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative balance and can be used to improve the representation of aerosols in global climate models.
Published: 2024

27. Cardiac troponin I directly binds and inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase with a noncanonical role in the post-ischemic heart

Author: Elezaby, Aly, Lin, Amanda J., Vijayan, Vijith, Pokhrel, Suman, Kraemer, Benjamin R., Bechara, Luiz R. G., Larus, Isabel, Sun, Junhui, Baena, Valentina, Syed, Zulfeqhar A., Murphy, Elizabeth, Glancy, Brian, Ostberg, Nicolai P., Queliconi, Bruno B., Campos, Juliane C., Ferreira, Julio C. B., Haileselassie, Bereketeab, and Mochly-Rosen, Daria
Published: 2024
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28. The vanishing of the primary emission region in PKS 1510-089

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A. M., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Davids, I. D., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klu/'zniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Buckley, D. A. H., Cooper, J., and Groenewald, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In July 2021, PKS 1510-089 exhibited a significant flux drop in the high-energy gamma-ray (by a factor 10) and optical (by a factor 5) bands and remained in this low state throughout 2022. Similarly, the optical polarization in the source vanished, resulting in the optical spectrum being fully explained through the steady flux of the accretion disk and the broad-line region. Unlike the aforementioned bands, the very-high-energy gamma-ray and X-ray fluxes did not exhibit a significant flux drop from year to year. This suggests that the steady-state very-high-energy gamma-ray and X-ray fluxes originate from a different emission region than the vanished parts of the high-energy gamma-ray and optical jet fluxes. The latter component has disappeared through either a swing of the jet away from the line-of-sight or a significant drop in the photon production efficiency of the jet close to the black hole. Either change could become visible in high-resolution radio images., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; corresponding authors: Joleen Barnard, Markus Boettcher, Hester Schutte, Michael Zacharias
Published: 2023
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29. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A

Author: Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E, Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. Kaushik, Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Woo, J., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fussling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schafer, J., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., and Mori, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2.2$^\circ$ away from the best-fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on December 8, 2021. The source was in a high-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV gamma-ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the gamma-ray data from Fermi -LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cut-off near 100 GeV. Both X-ray and gamma-ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed gamma-ray spectral cut-off in both leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power., Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ
Published: 2023

30. Constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field using Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. blazar observations

Author: S., H. E. S., Collaborations, Fermi-LAT, Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bi, B., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., de Bony, M., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schüussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Steinmassl, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron-positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The $\gamma$-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of $B > 7.1\times10^{-16}$ G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of $10^4$ ($10^7$) yr, IGMF strengths below $1.8\times10^{-14}$ G ($3.9\times10^{-14}$ G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Auxiliary data is provided in electronic format at https://zenodo.org/record/8014311
Published: 2023
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31. Synthesis, Characterization, and BSA Binding Properties of Carboxylated Merocyanine-Based Fluorophores

Author: Rodrigo C. Duarte, Rodrigo Cercená, Bruno B. de Araujo, Otávio A. Chaves, Paulo F. B. Gonçalves, Eduardo Zapp, Fabiano S. Santos, Fabiano S. Rodembusch, and Alexandre G. Dal-Bó
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Published: 2024
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32. Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Arcaro, C., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Velasco, E. Ruiz, Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The origin of the gamma-ray emission from M87 is currently a matter of debate. This work aims to localize the VHE (100 GeV-100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M87 and probe a potential extended hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. The search for a steady and extended gamma-ray signal around M87 can constrain the cosmic-ray energy density and the pressure exerted by the cosmic rays onto the intra-cluster medium, and allow us to investigate the role of the cosmic rays in the active galactic nucleus feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. H.E.S.S. telescopes are sensitive to VHE gamma rays and have been utilized to observe M87 since 2004. We utilized a Bayesian block analysis to identify M87 emission states with H.E.S.S. observations from 2004 until 2021, dividing them into low, intermediate, and high states. Because of the causality argument, an extended ($\gtrsim$kpc) signal is allowed only in steady emission states. Hence, we fitted the morphology of the 120h low state data and found no significant gamma-ray extension. Therefore, we derived for the low state an upper limit of 58"(corresponding to $\approx$4.6kpc) in the extension of a single-component morphological model described by a rotationally symmetric 2D Gaussian model at 99.7% confidence level. Our results exclude the radio lobes ($\approx$30 kpc) as the principal component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M87. The gamma-ray emission is compatible with a single emission region at the radio core of M87. These results, with the help of two multiple-component models, constrain the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio $X_{{CR,max.}}$$\lesssim$$0.32$ and the total energy in cosmic-ray protons (CRp) to $U_{CR}$$\lesssim$5$\times10^{58}$ erg in the inner 20kpc of the Virgo Cluster for an assumed CRp power-law distribution in momentum with spectral index $\alpha_{p}$=2.1., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Victor Barbosa Martins, Stefan Ohm, Cornelia Arcaro, Natalia \.Zywucka, Mathieu de Naurois
Published: 2023
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33. Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Scheidlin, C. Burger, Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. P., Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füssling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales > 2 deg poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 deg in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of $(2.8\pm0.7)\times10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$TeV$^{-1}$ at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 deg radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of $D_0 = 7.6^{+1.5}_{-1.2} \times 10^{27}$ cm$^2$s$^{-1}$, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2023
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34. Search for the evaporation of primordial black holes with H.E.S.S

Author: collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Boettcher, M., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzo, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bi, B., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caro, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Egberts, K., van Eldik, C., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fussling, M., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Holch, T. L., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Puehlhofer, G., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes predicted to have been formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe. PBHs with an initial mass around $10^{14}-10^{15}$g are expected to end their evaporation at present times in a burst of particles and very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. Those gamma rays may be detectable by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. This paper reports on the search for evaporation bursts of VHE gamma rays with H.E.S.S., ranging from 10 to 120 seconds, as expected from the final stage of PBH evaporation and using a total of 4816 hours of observations. The most constraining upper limit on the burst rate of local PBHs is $2000$ pc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for a burst interval of 120 seconds, at the 95\% confidence level. The implication of these measurements for PBH dark matter are also discussed., Comment: Accepted for publication in JCAP, corresponding authors: F.Brun, J-F. Glicenstein, V. Marandon, T. Tavernier
Published: 2023
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35. H.E.S.S. follow-up observations of GRB221009A

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Hinton, M. -H. Grondin J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: GRB221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE, $>$\!100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hours after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of $\Phi_\mathrm{UL}^{95\%} = 9.7 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{erg\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$ above $E_\mathrm{thr} = 650$ GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the SED occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB190829A, the upper limits for GRB221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB221009A, effectively ruling out an IC dominated scenario., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in APJL. Corresponding authors: J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, H. Ashkar, S. J. Zhu, B. Reville, F. Sch\"ussler
Published: 2023
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36. Corrigendum: Longitudinal mitochondrial bioenergetic signatures of blood monocytes and lymphocytes improve during treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Author: Bridgette M. Cumming, Kelvin W. Addicott, Fernanda Maruri, Vanessa Pillay, Rukaya Asmal, Sashen Moodley, Beatriz Barreto-Durate, Mariana Araújo-Pereira, Matilda Mazibuko, Zoey Mhlane, Nikiwe Mbatha, Khadija Khan, Senamile Makhari, Farina Karim, Lauren Peetluk, Alexander S. Pym, Mahomed Yunus S. Moosa, Yuri F. van der Heijden, Timothy S. Sterling, Bruno B. Andrade, Alasdair Leslie, and Adrie J. C. Steyn
Subjects: tuberculosis, bioenergetic metabolism, lymphocytes, monocytes, TB treatment, cytokines, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published: 2025
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37. Lessons learned from the expansion of medical schools in Brazil: a review of challenges and opportunities

Author: Katia M. Avena, Luiz F. Quintanilha, Ricardo Luiz Luzardo Filho, and Bruno B. Andrade
Subjects: medical education, medical schools, undergraduate medical education, privatization and access to higher education, Brazil, more physicians program, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract: Brazil faces significant challenges in the equitable distribution of health professionals across its vast territory, with remote and underdeveloped areas often lacking doctors. Initiatives like “Programa Mais Médicos” have expanded medical courses and residency programs nationwide. Recently, new Ministry of Education guidelines authorized courses and increased slots in response to judicial demands, highlighting the complexity of Brazil’s educational and health landscape. This initiative increased available slots, particularly in areas lacking healthcare professionals, and attracted private institutions to the medical sector. Despite advancements in expansion and geographical distribution, there are criticisms and challenges facing the current medical training process. Against this backdrop, this study offers a critical analysis of Brazil’s medical education, drawing from the experience of experts involved in the implementation of new medical schools in the Brazilian Northeast and Midwest regions. The study outlines the history, challenges, and outcomes of government policies, reflecting on future impacts and contributing to the debate on medical training quality and health service provision amidst the expansion and privatization of medical education in the country. We hope the lessons and insights can guide Brazil and other countries facing similar challenges, inspiring innovative and sustainable solutions to complex issues of doctor shortage and unequal distribution.
Published: 2025
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38. Impact of strategic public health interventions to reduce tuberculosis incidence in Brazil: a Bayesian structural time-series scenario analysisResearch in context

Author: Klauss Villalva-Serra, Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, Moreno M. Rodrigues, Artur T.L. Queiroz, Leonardo Martinez, Julio Croda, Valeria C. Rolla, Afrânio L. Kritski, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Timothy R. Sterling, Mariana Araújo-Pereira, and Bruno B. Andrade
Subjects: Tuberculosis, Public health, Forecasting, Vulnerabilities, Directly observed therapy, Tuberculosis preventive therapy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Despite government efforts, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat in Brazil. In 2023, TB incidence was 39.8 cases per 100,000 population, far above the WHO’s target of 6.7 cases per 100,000. Using national-level datasets, we investigated and forecasted the potential impact of proposed public health interventions aimed at reducing TB incidence in Brazil. Methods: Monthly TB surveillance data (January 2018–December 2023) were collected from Brazilian national reporting systems: SINAN-TB (TB cases), SITE-TB (TB drug resistance), and IL-TB (preventive therapy). These data were used to create a multivariable Bayesian Structural Time-Series (BSTS) model, with 5000 Monte-Carlo simulations, which identified key predictors of TB incidence and forecasted these rates from 2024 to 2030 under various scenarios. Findings: Vulnerabilities including incarceration, TB-HIV coinfection and TB-diabetes mellitus, as well as coverages of directly observed therapy (DOT), contact investigation and preventive treatment (TPT) completion rates, were identified as key predictors of TB incidence. Under current trends, we forecasted TB incidence in Brazil to be 42.1 [34.1–49.8] per 100,000 person-years by 2030 (mean [95% prediction intervals]). A scenario considering decreases in TB cases among vulnerable populations resulted in an absolute reduction of −10.6 [−9.4 to −12.0] in projected TB incidence. Additional reductions were seen with increased coverage of DOT, TPT adherence, and contact investigation rates (−14.4 [−13 to −16.2]), and by combining these with efforts to reduce TB cases among vulnerable populations (−23.6 [−26.3 to −41.4]), potentially lowering incidence to 18.5 [7.8–28.4] per 100,000, though still above WHO targets. Interpretation: Our findings demonstrate that interventions focused on enhancing health policies focused on decreasing TB cases among vulnerable populations, such as individuals with TB-HIV coinfection, incarcerated populations, and those with TB-diabetes comorbidity, along with improvements in health management indicators such as DOT implementation, contact investigation coverage, and TPT completion rates, are effective in reducing TB incidence nationwide. Funding: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Published: 2025
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39. Insights from the 2024 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report – More Comprehensive Action, Innovation, and Investments required for achieving WHO End TB goals

Author: Delia Goletti, Graeme Meintjes, Bruno B. Andrade, Alimuddin Zumla, and Shui Shan Lee
Subjects: Tuberculosis, WHO tuberculosis report, TB-HIV coinfection, Diabetes, Innovation, Investments, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2025
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40. New insights into the putative role of leucine-rich repeat proteins of Leptospira interrogans and their participation in host cell invasion: an in silico analysis

Author: Bruno B. Foltran, João P. Gaspar, Igor R. M. Silva, Henrique M. Pires, Fernanda B. Andrade, Giovanna M. Costa, Julia E. L. Paixao, Luis G. V. Fernandes, Aline F. Teixeira, and Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
Subjects: Leptospira, leptospirosis, LRR proteins, pathogenesis, in sílico analysis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Pathogenic Leptospira are spirochetes that cause leptospirosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. Leptospirosis affects humans and animals, with approximately 1 million human infections and 60,000 deaths per year. The diversity of leptospiral strains and serovars allied to the fact that pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, make the development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis a challenge. Outer membrane and secreted proteins are considered potential antigens since they play a vital role in mediating interactions with host molecules. Several domains or motifs have been reported to participate in the leptospiral infection process. Among them, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins have been highlighted as attractive multipurpose proteins, exhibiting a broad spectrum of ligands and having a putative role in bacterial pathogenesis. Indeed, genome annotation of leptospiral species pointed out that LRR proteins are predominant in pathogenic strains, a feature that corroborates this hypothesis. A few LRR proteins of L. santarosai, L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans have been studied and their possible role in virulence was proposed. Yet, a mechanistic and broad investigation of LRR proteins was not fully performed. In this review, a comprehensive in silico analysis of 21 LRR proteins of L. interrogans was performed in relation to structure, function, dynamics and virulent potential that will contribute to understanding the key role of these domains in the underlying mechanisms of leptospiral infection.
Published: 2024
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41. HESS J1809$-$193: a halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. HESS J1809$-$193 is an unassociated very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809$-$1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of $\gamma$-ray emission up to energies of $\sim$100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809$-$193. Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the $\gamma$-ray emission of HESS J1809$-$193. Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809$-$193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809$-$193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework. Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component that exhibits a spectral cut-off at $\sim$13 TeV, and a compact component that is located close to PSR J1809$-$1917 and shows no clear spectral cut-off. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended $\gamma$-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component. Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with the H.E.S.S. components is not straightforward. (abridged), Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Vikas Joshi, Lars Mohrmann
Published: 2023
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42. Cracking the heart code: using ChatGPT’s Data Analyst feature for cardiovascular imaging research

Author: Daibes, Mariana and Lima, Bruno B.
Published: 2024
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43. Directly observed treatment for tuberculosis care and social support: essential lifeline or outdated burden?

Author: Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, Klauss Villalva-Serra, Julio Croda, Ricardo A. Arcêncio, Ethel L.N. Maciel, and Bruno B. Andrade
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2025
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44. Pharmacogenetics of tuberculosis treatment toxicity and effectiveness in a large Brazilian cohort

Author: Amorim, Gustavo, Jaworski, James, Yang, Jing, Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo, Kritski, Afrânio L., Figueiredo, Marina C., Turner, Megan, Andrade, Bruno B., Velez Edwards, Digna R., Santos, Adalberto R., Rolla, Valeria C., Sterling, Timothy R., and Haas, David W.
Published: 2024
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45. Organ-specific fuel rewiring in acute and chronic hypoxia redistributes glucose and fatty acid metabolism

Author: Midha, Ayush D, Zhou, Yuyin, Queliconi, Bruno B, Barrios, Alec M, Haribowo, Augustinus G, Chew, Brandon TL, Fong, Cyril OY, Blecha, Joseph E, VanBrocklin, Henry, Seo, Youngho, and Jain, Isha H
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition, Diabetes, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Glucose, Hypoxia, Oxygen, Muscle, Skeletal, Fatty Acids, PET scan, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, fuel rewiring, fuel uptake, glucose metabolism, hypoxia, isotope tracing, organ-specific metabolism, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Abstract: Oxygen deprivation can be detrimental. However, chronic hypoxia is also associated with decreased incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in high-altitude populations. Previously, hypoxic fuel rewiring has primarily been studied in immortalized cells. Here, we describe how systemic hypoxia rewires fuel metabolism to optimize whole-body adaptation. Acclimatization to hypoxia coincided with dramatically lower blood glucose and adiposity. Using in vivo fuel uptake and flux measurements, we found that organs partitioned fuels differently during hypoxia adaption. Acutely, most organs increased glucose uptake and suppressed aerobic glucose oxidation, consistent with previous in vitro investigations. In contrast, brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle became "glucose savers," suppressing glucose uptake by 3-5-fold. Interestingly, chronic hypoxia produced distinct patterns: the heart relied increasingly on glucose oxidation, and unexpectedly, the brain, kidney, and liver increased fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Hypoxia-induced metabolic plasticity carries therapeutic implications for chronic metabolic diseases and acute hypoxic injuries.
Published: 2023

46. Towards Website X-Ray for Europe's Municipalities: Unveiling Digital Transformation with Multimodal Embeddings.

Author: Jonathan Gerber, Bruno B. Kreiner, Jasmin S. Saxer, and Andreas Weiler
Published: 2024
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47. Digilog: Enhancing Website Embedding on Local Governments - A Comparative Analysis.

Author: Jonathan Gerber, Bruno B. Kreiner, Jasmin S. Saxer, and Andreas Weiler
Published: 2024
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48. Navigating Expertise in Configurable Software Systems through the Maze of Variability.

Author: Karolina Milano and Bruno B. P. Cafeo
Published: 2024
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49. Image Reconstruction and Postprocessing in Cardiac CT

Author: Cardoso, Rhanderson N., Lima, Bruno B., Zadeh, Armin Arbab, editor, and Hoe, John, editor
Published: 2024
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50. Non-linear non-parametric geostatistical rock-physics inversion of elastic attributes for petrophysical properties using direct multivariate simulation

Author: de Figueiredo, Leandro Passos, Grana, Dario, Rodrigues, Bruno B., and Emerick, Alexandre
Published: 2025
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