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Abstract Introduction Several clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for treating atopic dermatitis (AD). However, literature remains scarce in reporting the long-term effectiveness, safety, and drug survival of dupilumab in real-world settings. This study aimed to describe the latter outcomes of dupilumab in patients with AD. Methods This Portuguese, multicentric, observational, retrospective study included consecutive adult patients with AD who initiated dupilumab between January 2019 and September 2023, with a follow-up period up to 30 months. Drug discontinuation and adverse effects data were used to estimate drug survival. Clinical assessments included the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), pruritus numerical rating scale (NRS), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results A total of 312 patients were included in the study, with 56.4% being male (median age of 30 years, range 18–83). The 30-month drug survival rate was 82.0%. During the study period, 12.5% of the sample (n = 39 patients) discontinued treatment: 7.3% due to treatment failure, 2.9% due to safety concerns, 1.3% due to complete disease control, 0.6% due to pregnancy, and 0.3% due to lack of compliance. Adverse events not leading to drug discontinuation were noted in 25.6% of the sample (n = 80). Conjunctivitis was the most frequently reported adverse event (17%), followed by facial erythema (9%). At 30 months, the mean EASI decreased significantly from 27.30 ± 11.89 at baseline to 2.92 ± 3.96 (p

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to assess the impact of an enzyme complex (EC) on the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), and ether extract (MCEE) and on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal. Additionally, the experiments aimed to evaluate how EC affected broiler performance. In experiment I, 720 day-old Cobb 500® broilers were assigned to a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors considered were the feedstuff (corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal) and the presence or absence of EC. The broilers were housed in 45 pens, using five replicates, with ten birds in the pre-starter phase and six birds in the starter phase. This design resulted in eight treatment groups, including one reference diet group. In experiment II, 1140 day-old Cobb 500® chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, employing a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the same main factors as in experiment I. Birds were housed in 48 pens, using six replicates/30 birds, yielding eight treatments. The use of the EC did not lead to improvements in digestibility of the feedstuffs. However, the addition of EC resulted in enhanced body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios across all phases of broiler growth. Enzyme complex inclusion did not affect feed intake. While the EC did not enhance the metabolizability of nutrients in feedstuffs individually, broilers fed diets containing these feedstuffs and supplemented with EC exhibited improved performance at 42 days of age. This suggests that the impact of the EC varies depending on whether it is observed at the feedstuff or diet level.

In less than 10 years, esports have turned into a global phenomenon with a large following that rivals the audience size of popular established sports. This has resulted in a massive influx of esports sponsors. However, because it appeared and evolved so rapidly, sponsors have no idea of what esports really are nor of what risks they may face. Ergo, this research aimed to determine what issues are being caused by the infancy of the esports industry that is threatening sponsors. Hence, this exploratory research used a convergent-parallel mixed method with equal status. Empirical data was obtained through interviews with 22 experts in esports sponsoring and the application of a survey to 5,638 esports fans. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS 25 and qualitative data with NVIVO 10. The results showed that the majority of experts considered that the problems associated with the infancy of the esports industry are a risk to esports sponsors and almost all esports fans reckon that the competitive gaming market has infancy-related issues to solve. Esports are not like general sports, so sponsors must holistically study this industry to mitigate the dangers of suffering from the problems of this new and unknown market.

Abstract Introduction The integrated care pathways for atopic dermatitis (AD‐ICPs) aim to bridge the gap between existing AD treatment evidence‐based guidelines and expert opinion based on daily practice by offering a structured multidisciplinary plan for patient management of AD. ICPs have the potential to enhance guideline recommendations by combining interventions and aspects from different guidelines, integrating quality assurance, and describing co‐ordination of care. Most importantly, patients can enter the ICPs at any level depending on AD severity, resources available in their country, and economic factors such as differences in insurance reimbursement systems. Methods The GA2LEN ADCARE network and partners as well as all stakeholders, abbreviated as the AD‐ICPs working group, were involved in the discussion and preparation of the AD ICPs during a series of subgroup workshops and meetings in years 2020 and 2021, after which the document was circulated within all GAL2EN ADCARE centres. Results The AD‐ICPs outline the diagnostic procedures, possible co‐morbidities, different available treatment options including differential approaches for the pediatric population, and the role of the pharmacists and other stakeholders, as well as remaining unmet needs in the management of AD. Conclusion The AD‐ICPs provide a multidisciplinary plan for improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient feedback in AD management, as well as addressing critical unmet needs, including improved access to care, training specialists, implementation of educational programs, assessment on the impact of climate change, and fostering a personalised treatment approach. By focusing on these key areas, the initiative aims to pave the way for a brighter future in the management of AD.

Objective Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

The potential of fluoride (F) as a neurotoxicant in humans is still controversial in the literature. However, recent studies have raised the debate by showing different mechanism of F-induced neurotoxicity, as oxidative stress, energy metabolism and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we investigated the mechanistic action of two F concentration (0.095 and 0.22 μg/ml) on gene and protein profile network using a human glial cell in vitro model over 10 days of exposure. A total of 823 genes and 2,084 genes were modulated after exposure to 0.095 and 0.22 μg/ml F, respectively. Among them, 168 were found to be modulated by both concentrations. The number of changes in protein expression induced by F were 20 and 10, respectively. Gene ontology annotations showed that the main terms were related to cellular metabolism, protein modification and cell death regulation pathways, such as the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, in a concentration independent manner. Proteomics confirmed the changes in energy metabolism and also provided evidence of F-induced changes in cytoskeleton components of glial cells. Our results not only reveal that F has the potential to modulate gene and protein profiles in human U87 glial-like cells overexposed to F, but also identify a possible role of this ion in cytoskeleton disorganization.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which induces a series of molecular events capable of leading to microvascular damage, affecting the blood vessels of the retina, causing diabetic retinopathy. Studies indicate that oxidative stress plays a central role in complications involving diabetes. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) has attracted much attention given its antioxidant capacity and potential associated health benefits in preventing oxidative stress, one of the causes of diabetic retinopathy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible protective effect of açaí (E. oleracea) on the retinal function of mice with induced diabetes, based on full field electroretinogram (ffERG).Methods: We opted for mouse models with induced diabetes by administration of a 2% alloxan aqueous solution and treatment with feed enriched with açaí pulp. The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTR (received commercial ration), DM (received commercial ration), DM + açaí (E. oleracea-enriched ration) and CTR + açaí (E. oleracea-enriched ration). The ffERG was recorded three times, 30, 45 and 60 days after diabetes induction, under scotopic and photopic conditions to access rod, mixed and cone responses, in addition to monitoring the weight and blood glucose of the animals during the study period. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post-test.Results: Our work obtained satisfactory results with the ffERG responses in diabetic animals treated with açaí, where it was observed that there was no significant decrease in the b wave ffERG amplitude of this group over time when compared to the results of the Diabetic group not treated with açaí, which showed a significant reduction of this ffERG component.Discussion: The results of the present study show, for the first time, that treatment with an açaí-enriched diet is effective against the decrease in the amplitude of visual electrophysiological responses in animals with induced diabetes, which opens a new horizon for the prevention of retinal damage in diabetic individuals from treatment with açaí base. However, it is worth mentioning that our findings consist of a preliminary study and further researches and clinical trials are needed to examine açaí potential as an alternative therapy for diabetic retinopathy.

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The heart and brain are reciprocally interconnected and engage in two-way communication for homeostatic regulation. Epilepsy is considered a network disease that also affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The neurovisceral integration model (NVM) proposes that cardiac vagal tone, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), can indicate the functional integrity of cognitive neural networks. ANS activity and the pattern of oscillatory EEG activity covary during the transition of arousal states and associations between cortical and autonomic activity are reflected by HRV. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the common comorbidities that occur in epilepsy, including memory, attention, and processing difficulties. Recent studies have shown evidence for the active involvement of alpha activity in cognitive processes through its active role in the control of neural excitability in the cortex through top-down modulation of cortical networks. In the present pilot study, we evaluated the association between resting EEG oscillatory behavior and ANS function in patients with refractory epilepsy. Our results show: (1) In patients with refractory epilepsy, there is a strong positive correlation between HRV and the power of cortical oscillatory cortical activity in all studied EEG bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) in all regions of interest in both hemispheres, the opposite pattern found in controls which had low or negative correlation between these variables; (2) higher heartbeat evoked potential amplitudes in patients with refractory epilepsy than in controls. Taken together, these results point to a significant alteration in heart-brain interaction in patients with refractory epilepsy.

This research aimed to identify how esports sponsorships affect the sponsors’ brand image. An exploratory focus was adopted along with a convergent-parallel mixed method with equal status. Twenty-two experts in esports sponsorships were interviewed and 5,638 esports fans were surveyed. Quantitative data was processed on SPSS 25 and qualitative data on NVivo 10. The two data sets were analysed separately from one another, but the results were interpreted together and given the same level of importance. The results showed that all experts believe that sponsoring esports can positively affect the sponsors’ brand image and roughly one-third of fans perceive more positively a small number of brands as a result of them sponsoring esports. This image improvement is, however, dependent on multiple variables, including activation strategy, brand type, and target audience. The findings are relevant for academics and companies looking to better understand the brand image effects of sponsoring esports.

This paper aimed to determine what types of relevant-added value esports fans most want sponsors to bring to them and to the competitive gaming industry. A review of the literature permitted the development of a conceptual model which was subsequently improved by analysing empirical data. A quantitative exploratory research was conducted on 1,359 esports fans who were sampled through a non-probability purposive heterogeneous method. Data was collected through a closed-ended online structured survey. The data showed that two of the three most wanted means for bringing relevant-added value are by directly helping the esports industry rather than focusing on the fans. Specifically, supporting the tournaments and pro-players and promoting good practice and integrity were highly valued. Most brands are still unaware of how to conduct effective esports sponsorships. By being one of the first studies in this area, this research provides brands with useful guidelines for developing sustainable esports sponsorships.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos autores e das referências citados em artigos publicados no periódico científico Informação & Sociedade: Estudos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no acervo on-line da revista, por meio do levantamento da produção acadêmica publicada, num recorte temporal de 2011 até 2017, e, posteriormente, fez-se uma análise bibliométrica. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, destaca-se que a maioria dos artigos são publicados em coautoria, exigindo-se de pelo menos um dos autores a titulação de doutor. Além disso, verificou-se um crescimento exponencial na quantidade de artigos publicados em 2017, com ênfase para os relatos de pesquisa. Sobre as 7.626 referências encontradas, verificou-se o seguinte resultado: a tipologia mais identificada é o livro; o periódico mais citado foi a revista Ciência da Informação; e o idioma mais frequente é o português. Já com relação a periódicos internacionais, cumpre informar que os seis mais citados possuem estrato A1. Conclui-se, portanto, que o presente estudo permitiu uma análise mais detalhada da produção científica publicada ao longo dos anos investigados, demonstrando que a revista representa um instrumento importante de divulgação do conhecimento para a Ciência da Informação e áreas afins, em razão do excelente nível dos artigos publicados.

In the last of the Pindar-Fragments, a set of nine pieces translated by Friedrich Hölderlin around 1803-1805, the myth of the Centaurs as the symbol for violence and transgression is made to disintegrate and is replaced by an autonomous narrative depicting the birth of culture and civilization. In Hölderlin’s commentary, “the concept of the Centaurs” is said to correspond to the “spirit of a river”, upon which the text seeks to summon up the “image” underlying that same concept. This dynamics of concept and image leads one to fully reconsider the interplay between translation and interpretation.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinomas are mostly treated surgically, mostly by surgery with postoperative histopathologic margin evaluation (“conventional surgery”), but large long-term data regarding recurrence by completeness of excisions is limited. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of basal cell carcinomas treated by conventional surgery at different medical specialties in a large tertiary centre, between 2008 and 2014. Survival analysis with a Cox proportional-hazards was performed, stratified by completeness of excision (complete excision/incomplete excision) and adjusted to several potentially confounding covariates. Results: A total of 2876 basal cell carcinomas were identified, of which 2306 (2100 primary, 206 recurrent) were considered eligible for analysis. During the 5-years of follow-up, there were 80 (4%) recurrences among 1980 complete excisions (16/1000 cases-year) and 83 (23.9%) recurrences among 348 incomplete excisions (100/1000 cases-year). Survival analysis was performed with multivariable adjustment. In the final adjusted model, we identified an association between relapse and re-intervention on recurrent tumors [adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.20 (95% Confidence interval (IC), 1.26-3.84), p=0.006], a wrong preoperative clinical diagnosis/surgery devoid of preoperative biopsy [adjusted HR 2.75 (95% CI, 1.68-4.5), p

Visual-spatial abilities are usually neglected in academic settings, even though several studies have shown that their predictive power in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics domains exceeds that of math and verbal ability. This neglect means that many spatially talented youths are not identified and nurtured, at a great cost to society. In the present work, we aim to identify behavioral and electrophysiological markers associated with visual spatial-ability in intellectually gifted adolescents (N = 15) compared to age-matched controls (N = 15). The participants performed a classic three-dimensional mental rotation task developed by Shepard and Metzler (1971) [33] while event-related potentials were measured in both frontal and parietal regions of interest. While response time was similar in the two groups, gifted subjects performed the test with greater accuracy. There was no indication of interhemispheric asymmetry of ERPs over parietal regions in both groups, although interhemispheric differences were observed in the frontal lobes. Moreover, intelligence quotient and working memory measures predicted variance in ERP's amplitude in the right parietal and frontal hemispheres. We conclude that while gifted adolescents do not display a different pattern of electroencephalographic activity over the parietal cortex while performing the mental rotation task, their performance is correlated with the amplitude of ERPs in the frontal cortex during the execution of this task.

In the present study, we investigated the topographical distribution of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in the retina of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), a diurnal neotropical mammal of the suborder Suina (Order Artiodactyla) widely distributed across central and mainly South America. Retinas were prepared and processed following the Nissl staining method. The number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells were determined in six flat-mounted retinas from three animals. The average density of ganglion cells was 351.822 ± 31.434 GC/mm2. The peccary shows a well-developed visual streak. The average peak density was 6,767 GC/mm2 and located within the visual range and displaced temporally as an area temporalis. Displaced amacrine cells have an average density of 300 DAC/mm2, but the density was not homogeneous along the retina, closer to the center of the retina the number of cells decreases and when approaching the periphery the density increases, in addition, amacrine cells do not form retinal specialization like ganglion cells. Outside the area temporalis, amacrine cells reach up to 80% in the ganglion cell layer. However, in the region of the area temporalis, the proportion of amacrine cells drops to 32%. Thus, three retinal specializations were found in peccary's retina by ganglion cells: visual streak, area temporalis and dorsotemporal extension. The topography of the ganglion cells layer in the retina of the peccary resembles other species of Order Artiodactyla already described and is directly related to its evolutionary history and ecology of the species.

Syphilis is an old disease and a major public health concern, which is re-emerging in the western world. Atypical syphi- litic presentations can be challenging to diagnose. We present a 23-year-old, HIV-positive man who has sex with men who presented with a 2-week history of an asymptomatic lesion on the glans. Previous topical and systemic treatments proved unsuccessful. Physical examination demonstrated a slightly indurated, ill-defined erythematous plaque over most of the glans. Enlarged, non-tender, bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were palpable. Serological tests revealed a fourfold increase in the VDRL titre (1:8, previously 1:2). A diagnosis of syphilitic balanitis of Follmann was made and complete resolution was achieved with an intramuscular single dose of benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU. Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann represents an uncommon manifestation of primary syphilis, with less than 100 cases reported. Untrea- ted, it will resolve spontaneously, but the patient will remain highly infectious and at-risk for long-term morbidity. In an era in which the number of syphilis cases is increasing sharply both in Western Europe and the United States, all physicians should be aware for the typical and atypical early syphilitic manifestations as they represent opportunities of paramount importance for treatment and epide- mic control.

(1) Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is curable, but bleeding complications still provoke a high early mortality. Therefore, a fast diagnosis is needed for timely starting treatment. We developed a diagnostic algorithm using flow cytometric features for discrimination between acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and other types of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). (2) Methods: we analyzed newly diagnosed AMLs where immunophenotyping was performed at diagnosis by an 8-color protocol. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each antigen used was assessed, and those best separating APL from other types of AML were obtained by a discriminant analysis. Phenotypic characteristics of myeloblasts of normal bone marrow were used as controls. (3) Results: 24 cases of APL and 56 cases of other primary AMLs entered the study. Among non-APL AMLs, 4 had fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 gene internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) mutation, 2 had nucleophosmin (NPM1) and 10 had both mutations. SSC (p < 0.0001), HLA-DR (p < 0.0001), CD13 (p = 0.001), CD64 (p = 0.004) and CD33 (p = 0.002) were differentially expressed, but this was not the case for CD34 (50% of non-APLs had a low expression). In the discriminant analysis, the best differentiation was achieved with SSC and HLA-DR discriminating 91.25% of the patients. (4) Conclusion: MFC could differentiate APL from non-APL AML in the majority of the cases.

Video recording surgical procedures is one of the most valuable tools for teaching and self-assessment in Dermatologic Surgery. A number of recording systems have been described in the literature. Nevertheless, they’re usually expensive (~500€) and time-consuming to prepare, the latter being a major disadvantage for a busy surgical speciality such as Dermatology. The authors describe a simple and inexpensive technique for surgical video capture in Dermatologic Surgery. For this setup, the surgeon needs only a smartphone with a camera (which is nowadays ubiquitous), a bike phone holder (10€ to 30€), an adjustable intravenous pole and, optionally, a powerbank. With the patient in position for the surgical intervention (seated or lying on his back on the surgical table, depending on the procedure), the bike phone holder should be attached to the vertically adjustable intravenous pole. The smartphone must be then set on the bike phone holder, with its “recording mode” already started. Optionally, a powerbank can also be attached to the intravenous pole to provide extra charge for longer procedures. The height of the intravenous pole, as well as its position and distance to the surgical table, should be adjusted accordingly before the intervention, in order to provide the best recording definition. The authors describe a simple, easy to setup, inexpensive system to record videos in Dermatologic Surgery.

Malignant tumours of the lower lip are common and wedge resections are frequently used to address these lesions. Since the lips are paramount for symmetry and overall aesthetics, even minor deformities can lead to disastrous changes. One of these could result from improper intra-operatory antero-posterior alignment between the anterior (cutaneous) and posterior (mucosal) vertex of the wedge, as the latter is not easily determined with precision by the naked eye. The authors present their surgical pearl to accurately define the vertex of the wedge in the posterior surface of the lip. A controlled, antero-posterior transmural penetration at a 90º angle is performed with a hypodermic needle. The entry point is the vertex of the cutaneous wedge. The sharp tip of the needle will now be the reference to the vertex of the mucosal wedge. This and others, easy-to-perform, although critical and frequently overlooked surgical pearls can help the dermatologic surgeon to avoid unwarranted sequelae on a cosmetic sensitive area such as the lips.

RESUMO: O artigo analisa as tensões, de 1976 a 1979, entre as concepções de educação física escolar expressas nas edições da Revista de Educação Física - publicação editada, desde 1932, pela Escola de Educação Física do Exército - e nos documentos oficiais referentes ao ensino desse componente curricular. Defende-se a hipótese de que, mais do que uma porta-voz do regime militar, a Revista de Educação Física tenha se caracterizado, potencialmente, como um elemento dificultador da implementação das estratégias oficiais de conformação da Educação Física escolar no Brasil (1976-1979). Demonstra-se que, ao pôr em circulação percepções alternativas sobre o componente curricular em destaque, esse impresso gerou, contraditoriamente, condições para que os profissionais da área pudessem se apropriar de fundamentos distintos dos contidos no modelo propagado pela ditadura militar por meio da "Política" e do "Plano Nacional de Educação Física e Desportos".

Erythema annulare centrifugum is a dermatosis of unknown aetiology which usually follows a self-limiting course. Nevertheless, some cases tend to chronicity, especially when a culprit stimulus is not found, and can be challenging to treat. A 24-year-old male presented with a 3-year history of persistent plaques with polycyclic outlines and an infiltrated rim on the forearms, buttocks and thighs. After histopathological correlation, a diagnosis of erythema annulare centrifugum was therein made. Secondary causes were ruled out. Treatment with topical and systemic steroids provided no benefit, and the patient was reluctant to further systemic oral immunosuppression. Photochemotherapy was then attempted. A marked improved was observed since the first session, and the patient was clear by the 7th treatment. No adverse events were noted. The patient is still in remission at the 3rd month of follow-up. To our knowledge, we report the first case of an erythema annulare centrifugum successfully treated with photochemotherapy. Our case highlights the potential of this time-honoured therapeutic modality to address chronic and debilitating cases of this figurate dermatosis.

Este texto discute o processo de constituição, bem como os principais resultados e desdobramentos do projeto de pesquisa intitulado Lutas de representações sobre o desenvolvimento de uma prática: a Educação Física escolar brasileira em revista (1976-1979), desenvolvido, entre 2011 e 2013, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. O debate se desenvolve a partir do relato de experiências de pesquisa do autor, que, desde 2008, vêm se dedicando ao estudo de impressos especializados em Educação Física e esportes que circularam no Brasil durante a ditadura militar.

A dor é um sintoma universal em Medicina e, na Dermatovenereologia, é transversal ao domínio médico e cirúrgico da especialidade. O controlo da dor aguda peri-operatória é um indicador de qualidade dos cuidados de saúde, sendo um fator determinante de morbilidade e de satisfação do doente. O tratamento pouco eficaz da dor crónica tem repercussões significativas na qualidade de vida e a nível socioeconómico. Esta revisão contempla os princípios gerais do tratamento da dor aguda peri-operatória e da dor crónica em Dermatovenereologia. Pretende-se sensibilizar para a importância da dor e contribuir para a redução da dor não controlada e a humanização dos cuidados prestados ao doente dermatológico. Nesta primeira parte da revisão, são abordados os aspetos epidemiológicos, a definição e o modelo conceptual atual para a compreensão da dor, bem como os fundamentos do tratamento da dor aguda peri-operatória.

A educação nas fronteiras vem ganhando espaço na medida em que a globalização avança unindo povos e culturas, tentando tornar os limites entre países apenas um aspecto territorial. Ao longo do tempo passou por diversas etapas, baseadas em diferentes contextos e pontos de vista, sendo inegáveis as contribuições ao longo do século XX. Estes tributos levaram à visão atual de educação nas fronteiras como uma importante ferramenta de integração entre povos, oportunizando ações bilaterais que desenvolvam e fortaleçam a região.

Purpose: To investigate changes in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) parameters associated with high dose chloroquine therapy for treatment of malaria in the Amazonia region of Brazil. Methods: Forty-eight subjects who had received chloroquine treatment for single or multiple malaria infections with a cumulative dose ranging from 1,050 to 27,000mg were included. The control group consisted of 37 healthy aged-matched subjects. Data was collected on amplitude and implicit time of the N1, P1 and N2 waves in the central macular hexagon (R1) and in five concentric rings at different retinal eccentricities (R2-R6). Results: No significant difference was observed in any mfERG parameter between chloroquine treated patients and control subjects. A comparison with previous data obtained from patients with rheumatologic disorders in the same region of Brazil who had received larger cumulative doses of chloroquine and had displayed mfERG changes, indicated that retinal toxicity seems to be dependent on cumulative dose. Conclusion: Lack of mfERG changes in the current study suggests that intensive high dose chloroquine therapy for treatment of malaria is not associated with retinal toxicity.

Neste artigo, expõe-se reflexões iniciais de uma pesquisa que investiga o currículo da disciplina Educação Física no Colégio Pedro II – CP II, desde a década de 80 aos anos iniciais do século XXI, lançando luzes sobre as diferentes influências que marcaram a conformação desta disciplina na instituição. Dentro dessa perspectiva, analisa-se todos os documentos curriculares produzidos no recorte temporal em questão, indo dos Planos Gerais de Ensino – PGE’s (1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990/91/92, 1996) até o Projeto Político Pedagógico – PPP (2002), em vigor até hoje.

A new method is presented to determine the retinal spectral sensitivity function S(λ) using the electroretinogram (ERG). S(λ)s were assessed in three different species of myomorph rodents, Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), Wistar rats (Ratus norvegicus), and mice (Mus musculus). The method, called AC Constant Method, is based on a computerized automatic feedback system that adjusts light intensity to maintain a constant-response amplitude to a flickering stimulus throughout the spectrum, as it is scanned from 300 to 700 nm, and back. The results are presented as the reciprocal of the intensity at each wavelength required to maintain a constant peak to peak response amplitude. The resulting S(λ) had two peaks in all three rodent species, corresponding to ultraviolet and M cones, respectively: 359 nm and 511 nm for mice, 362 nm and 493 nm for gerbils, and 362 nm and 502 nm for rats. Results for mouse and gerbil were similar to literature reports of S(λ) functions obtained with other methods, confirming that the ERG associated to the AC Constant-Response Method was effective to obtain reliable S(λ) functions. In addition, due to its fast data collection time, the AC Constant Response Method has the advantage of keeping the eye in a constant light adapted state.

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de exemplares adultos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) sob a influência do fator estresse fisiológico em animais submetidos à exposição ao ar durante a engorda em sistema raceway. Foram analisados o eritrograma, teor de hemoglobina, volume globular, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), o leucograma, contagem diferencial de leucócitos, o plaquetograma, a glicose, a proteína total, o colesterol, o triglicerídeo e os eletrólitos (cálcio, cloretos, sódio e potássio). Os resultados revelaram que houve uma homogeneidade de distribuição para hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, índices hemantimétricos, proteína total, glicose, colesterol, e íons séricos, indicados pelos valores relativamente baixos do coeficiente de variação. Houve correlação positiva somente para leucócitos totais, células de defesa orgânica (neutrófilos e linfócitos), glicose, colesterol, sódio e cálcio. Quanto ao leucograma, à medida que os animais foram expostos ao ar, o número de leucócitos diminuiu gradativamente (leucopenia), ocorrendo simultaneamente neutrofilia e linfopenia. O índice glicêmico constituiu um bom indicador de estresse fisiológico, devido à hiperglicemia (82,0±20,88mg/dL) demonstrada nos tratamentos. A exposição ao ar constituiu um fator de desequilíbrio na homeostase iônica, e na síntese de colesterol endógeno. Entretanto, o tempo de recuperação não ocasionou a completa reabilitação fisiológica frente ao desafio imposto.

eoi/doi Deposit-Electronic Object Identifier http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11248/ehum.v5i2.787 RESUMO: O presente artigo é resultado de um trabalho de investigação da trajetória do Padre e Professor Régio de Primeiras Letras, João Pedro de Almeida, que atuou em aldeias indígenas nas últimas décadas do século XVIII na região do Sertão Leste da Capitania de Minas Gerais. Nesse período a fronteira colonial da Capitania passava por um processo de expansão em direção à mesma região povoada por grupos indígenas, entre eles os botocudos. Tal processo foi marcado por um conjunto de estratégias de conquista dos índios e seu território, efetivadas em duas frentes: a violência e a educação. Aos índios que resistiam à colonização, a reação foi a guerra; já junto aos índios aldeados, práticas educativas dirigidas por um ideal civilizador foram experimentadas. Apresento o trabalho de João Pedro de Almeida como representativo da frente da educação e analiso sua atuação à luz das legislações indigenistas coloniais, procurando destacar do discurso civilizador a dinâmica da alteridade do europeu em relação ao índio. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Educação; Índios; Conquista. ABSTRACT: This article is the result of a Father of the trajectory of research work and Professor of First Letters Regal, João Pedro de Almeida, who served in Indian villages in the last decades of the eighteenth century in Eastern Hinterland region of Minas Gerais Captaincy. During this period the colonial frontier of the Province went through a process of expansion towards the same region populated by indigenous groups, including the botocudos. This process was marked by a set of winning strategies of the Indians and their territory, carried out on two fronts: the violence and education. The Indians who resisted colonization, the reaction was war; already close to the settled Indians, educational practices run by a civilizing ideal have been tried. Present the work of João Pedro de Almeida as representative for the front of education and analyze its performance in the light of colonial indigenous laws, seeking to highlight the civilizing discourse the dynamics of the European otherness in relation to the Indian. KEYWORDS: Education; Indians; Conquest. Recebido: 03/07/2012 Aceito: 26/10/2012

Este estudo objetiva discutir, criticamente, determinadas funções atribuídas à Educação Física escolar no período da ditadura militar brasileira. Algumas obras de grande visibilidade no contexto acadêmico da Educação Física apresentam consenso sobre uma suposta consonância entre a Educação Física escolar e os interesses do governo ditatorial-militar. Segundo essas obras, a Educação Física escolar estaria a serviço da melhora da produtividade para o trabalho, da formação de atletas de alto rendimento e do uso político do esporte. Contudo, observou-se que tais versões historiográficas apresentam limites, principalmente em função de dados que demonstram a participação de professores de Educação Física na elaboração das políticas públicas gestadas para a área e a presença de práticas pedagógicas heterogêneas, que não necessariamente estavam alinhadas com os interesses do regime ditatorial-militar. Conclui-se pela necessidade de compreender o objeto de estudo abordado de uma maneira mais profunda, complexa e matizada.

Aiming to enrich the anatomical study and knowledge and foster new researches with wild animals, three runned over lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) were studied, being two males and one female, from Paragominas, Para, Brazil, under the licenses SEMA-PA 455/2009 and 522/2009, which were donated to Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) after death due to natural causes. The arterial system was filled with red latex and the animals were fixed and dissected for observation of the arrangement of the collateral branches of the aortic arch. First, the brachiocephalic trunk was identified, from which originated the right subclavian artery and the bicarotid trunk, which bifurcated into right and left common carotid artery. The second branch originated in the aortic arch was the left subclavian artery, which branched into the vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, costocervical trunk, and superficial cervical artery. These same branches were also present in the right subclavian artery, which, in the axillary level, was named the axillary artery. In general, it was observed that the three lesser anteaters studied presented a different vascular pattern from others mammals already studied, including species from the Xenarthra superorder, suggesting that in this species there might exist a particular pattern of distribution of the main branches from the aortic arch.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutritional programs associated to enzyme supplementation (carbohydrases and phytase) on performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 2,016 male broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were allotted in third-two pens and fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates of 63 birds each was used. The treatments were designed as follows: T1 - nutritional program recommended for Coob-500; T2 -T1 nutritional program with reduction of 4% of metabolizable energy (ME), 3% of crude protein (CP) and 10% of all amino acids; T3 - T1 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase; and T4 - T2 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase. The results showed no statistical difference in feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics for all treatments in the period of 1 to 42 days of age. However, feed consumption, slaughter weight and weight gain were affected, the treatments supplemented with enzymes had greater feed consumption than the treatments without enzyme supplementation, besides the highest slaughter weight and weight gain. In conclusion, the use of carbohydrases associated with phytase enzymes was effective to increase the apparent metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal. The addition of enzymes to the diet of broilers led to an increase in feed consumption of 5.18%, and improved weight gain in 4.39%.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual system of patients suffering from type I or VI mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) by recording the visual evoked cortical potential (VECP). Methods: Two patients with MPS VI and 2 patients with MPS I were tested before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A control group of 20 subjects was tested for statistical comparison. VECP was elicited by monocular stimulation with 1-Hz phase-reversal checkerboard patterns at 0.5 and 2 cycles per degree and with 16° of visual field. In all patients, both eyes were tested. VECP amplitude and latency were measured and compared with tolerance limits obtained from controls. Results: MPS I and VI patients have a severe visual impairment that can be quantified by measuring VECPs. Even after several weeks of ERT, the visual impairment remained unaltered, indicating that the treatment had no significant influence on the visual conditions of MPS patients. Visual responses to high spatial frequencies were more deeply impaired than responses to low spatial frequencies. This can be explained by the kind of damage in the visual system that preferentially targets the eye optics. Conclusion: VECPs can be used to monitor the degree of visual impairment of MPS patients and to check ERT efficacy.

Com o objetivo de ampliar os estudos e conhecimentos anatômicos, bem como impulsionar novas pesquisas com animais selvagens, estudou-se três exemplares de tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) sendo dois machos e uma fêmea, animal proveniente de Paragominas-PA, sob autorização SEMA-PA Nº 455/2009 e 522/2009, doados à UFRA após óbito por causas naturais. O sistema arterial foi preenchido com látex corado em vermelho e os animais foram fixados e dissecados para observação da disposição dos ramos colaterais do arco aórtico. Inicialmente destacamos o tronco braquiocefálico, de onde tem origem a artéria subclávia direita e o tronco bicarotídeo, que se bifurca em artéria carótida comum direita e esquerda. O segundo ramo originado no arco aórtico trata-se da artéria subclávia esquerda que se ramifica em artéria vertebral, artéria torácica interna, tronco costocervical e artéria cervical superficial. Esses mesmos ramos também estão presentes na artéria subclávia direita, a qual, em nível axilar, passa a ser chamada de artéria axilar. De modo geral, podemos observar que os ramos colaterais deste animal assemelham-se aos modelos já descritos anteriormente para alguns animais domésticos, com mínimas diferenças, como por exemplo, a presença de ramificações das artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda, que se direcionam ao extenso músculo esternoióideo, irrigando-o.

We evaluated the relationship between levels of methionine and choline on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the production stage, using 432 birds at 65 days of age and weighing 155g, in a completely randomized design in 4x2 (methionine x choline) factorial arrangement with six replicates and nine birds per unit. The levels of choline and methionine were 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm and 0.65 and 0.75%, respectively. We analyzed the following variables: egg production (% / hen / day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g egg / hen/ day), feed conversion (g / g) and food intake (g / d). We observed a significant interaction for egg production (P ≤ 0.01) and egg mass (P ≤ 0.05) with linear effect for 0.65% methionine and inclusion of increasing levels of choline. There was a quadratic effect of choline levels on feed intake, with 0.65% methionine. The use of choline in diets of quail in production only effects bird performance when 0.65% methionine level is used. Supplementation with choline causes an increase in average egg weight regardless of the level of dietary methionine supplementation.

A cor é um atributo perceptual que nos permite identificar e localizar padrões ambientais de mesmo brilho e constitui uma dimensão adicional na identificação de objetos, além da detecção de inúmeros outros atributos dos objetos em sua relação com a cena visual, como luminância, contraste, forma, movimento, textura, profundidade. Decorre daí a sua importância fundamental nas atividades desempenhadas pelos animais e pelos seres humanos em sua interação com o ambiente. A psicofísica visual preocupa-se com o estudo quantitativo da relação entre eventos físicos de estimulação sensorial e a resposta comportamental resultante desta estimulação, fornecendo dessa maneira meios de avaliar aspectos da visão humana, como a visão de cores. Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar diversas técnicas eficientes na avaliação da visão cromática humana através de métodos psicofísicos adaptativos.

The objective of this study was to correlate the testicular measurements and weight gain, as well as the possible influence of the feeding level on the morphometry of the testicles of 32 crossbred Holstein/Zebu, in sexual development process, kept in Brachiaria brizantha pasture submitted to two levels of energy supplementation (0.5% and 1.0% of LW, TM and TH) during the second half of the rainy season. In vivo growth of scrotal perimeter and the final measures of the glandular portion of the testicles accordingto the perimeter, length, width, volume, weight and shape were evaluated. The correlation coefficients between the testicular measures and weight gain were moderately positive, ranging between 0.12 and 0.32. The frequency analysis showed that long testicles of long prevailed in both treatments, with respectively 65% and 54% for TM and TH. There was a significant effect (p 0.05) of the feeding level on the testicles glandular measures. It was concluded that these characteristics are determined by the stage of sexual development and not by the feeding level and the testicular measures should not be used alone as a criterion for assessing the performance of crossbreed young bulls.

O potencial provocado visual (VEP) é uma resposta cortical registrável na superfície do couro cabeludo, que reflete a atividade dos neurônios de V1. é classificado, a partir da freqüência temporal de estimulação, em transiente ou de estado estacionário. Outras propriedades do estímulo parecem provocar uma atividade seletiva dos diversos grupos de neurônios existentes em V1. Desse modo, o VEP vem sendo usado para estudar a visão humana acromática e cromática. Diversos trabalhos usaram o VEP para estimar a sensibilidade ao contraste de luminância no domínio das freqüências espaciais. Mais recentemente, há estudos que empregaram o VEP para medir os limiares de discriminação de cores. O VEP transiente pode complementar as medidas psicofísicas de sensibilidade ao contraste espacial de luminância e de discriminação cromática, e constitui um método não invasivo para estudar a visão de indivíduos com dificuldades de realizar testes psicofísicos.

Este artigo discute a presença do esporte no Fundo da Comissão Executiva Central do Sesquicentenário da Independência do Brasil. O debate se desenvolve a partir de experiências de pesquisa do autor, que trabalha com o referido acervo desde 2013, tendo em vista desenvolver um estudo sobre o uso propagandístico do esporte pelo regime militar que dirigia o país. Palavras-chaves: arquivos; esporte; comemorações; ditadura militar. Abstract This article discusses the presence of sport in the fonds of the Comissão Executiva Central do Sesquicentenário da Independência do Brasil. The debate is developed in light of the author’s research experience, working with this particular fonds since 2013 in order to carry out a study on the use of sports as propaganda by the military regime that ruled the country. Keywords: archives; sports; celebrations; military dictatorship. Resumen En este artículo se analiza la presencia del deporte en el fondo de la Comissão Executiva Central do Sesquicentenário da Independência do Brasil. El debate se desarrolla a partir de las experiencias de investigación del autor, que trabaja con el fondo mencionado desde 2013, con el fin de elaborar un estudio sobre el uso de la propaganda del deporte por el régimen militar que gobernaba el país. Palabras clave: archivos; deporte; celebraciones; dictadura militar.

We used psychometric functions to estimate the joint entropy for space discrimination and spatial frequency discrimination. Space discrimination was taken as discrimination of spatial extent. Seven subjects were tested. Gábor functions comprising unidimensionalsinusoidal gratings (0.4, 2, and 10 cpd) and bidimensionalGaussian envelopes (1°) were used as reference stimuli. The experiment comprised the comparison between reference and test stimulithat differed in grating's spatial frequency or envelope's standard deviation. We tested 21 different envelope's standard deviations around the reference standard deviation to study spatial extent discrimination and 19 different grating's spatial frequencies around the reference spatial frequency to study spatial frequency discrimination. Two series of psychometric functions were obtained for 2%, 5%, 10%, and 100% stimulus contrast. The psychometric function data points for spatial extent discrimination or spatial frequency discrimination were fitted with Gaussian functions using the least square method, and the spatial extent and spatial frequency entropies were estimated from the standard deviation of these Gaussian functions. Then, joint entropy was obtained by multiplying the square root of space extent entropy times the spatial frequency entropy. We compared our results to the theoretical minimum for unidimensional Gábor functions, 1/4π or 0.0796. At low and intermediate spatial frequencies and high contrasts, joint entropy reached levels below the theoretical minimum, suggesting non-linear interactions between two or more visual mechanisms. We concluded that non-linear interactions of visual pathways, such as the M and P pathways, could explain joint entropy values below the theoretical minimum at low and intermediate spatial frequencies and high contrasts. These non-linear interactions might be at work at intermediate and high contrasts at all spatial frequencies once there was a substantial decrease in joint entropy for these stimulus conditions when contrast was raised.

Unlike all other New World (platyrrine) monkeys, both male and female howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.) are obligatory trichromats. In all other platyrrines, only females can be trichromats, while males are always dichromats, as determined by multiple behavioral, electrophysiological, and genetic studies. In addition to obligatory trichromacy, Alouatta has an unusual fovea, with substantially higher peak cone density in the foveal pit than every other diurnal anthropoid monkey (both platyrrhines and catarrhines) and great ape yet examined, including humans. In addition to documenting the general organization of the retinal ganglion cell layer in Alouatta, the distribution of cones is compared to retinal ganglion cells, to explore possible relationships between their atypical trichromacy and foveal specialization. The number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells were determined in six flat-mounted retinas from five Alouatta caraya. Ganglion cell density peaked at 0.5 mm between the fovea and optic nerve head, reaching 40,700-45,200 cells/mm2. Displaced amacrine cell density distribution peaked between 0.5-1.75 mm from the fovea, reaching mean values between 2,050-3,100 cells/mm2. The mean number of ganglion cells was 1,133,000±79,000 cells and the mean number of displaced amacrine cells was 537,000±61,800 cells, in retinas of mean area 641±62 mm2. Ganglion cell and displaced amacrine cell density distribution in the Alouatta retina was consistent with that observed among several species of diurnal Anthropoidea, both platyrrhines and catarrhines. The principal alteration in the Alouatta retina appears not to be in the number of any retinal cell class, but rather a marked gradient in cone density within the fovea, which could potentially support high chromatic acuity in a restricted central region.

Ecstasy is a popular name of a substance called 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Pharmacologically it displays effects related to amphetamine-type drugs like restlessness, well-being, and others. The Ecstasy is seized as tablets with a large variety of symbols and colors and an extremely diverse content. Also MDMA, other psychoactive compounds may be present, with or instead of, LSD, amphetamine, heroin, cocaine, and others. Considering the illicit production of ecstasy tablets, the raw materials used can be contaminated with several impurities and, multiple synthesis routes can be used generating a great variety number of sub-products and contaminants. The goal of this article is to evaluate the different methods of analysis described in the literature commonly used to determine the chemical profile of ecstasy tablets and use the analysis as a strategy to produce a database of ecstasy tablets seized at Rio de Janeiro State that will provide additional information for drug traffic repression. The interchange with others databases in Brazil and outside will evaluate the origin of these ecstasy tablets.

O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar programas nutricionais associados à suplementação de enzimas (carboidrases e fitase) em rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça. Foram utilizados 2016 pintos de corte machos de um dia da linhagem Cobb-500, distribuídos em 32 boxes e alimentados com rações à base de milho e farelo de soja. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições com 63 aves por parcela. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 - programa nutricional Cobb; T2 - redução de 4% na energia metabolizável aparente (EMA); de 3% proteína bruta (PB) e de 10% nas recomendações dos aminoácidos do T1; T3 - dieta reformulada isonutriente a T1 com 200 g/t carboidrases + 50 g/t fitase; T4 - dieta reformulada isonutriente a T2 com 200 g/t + 50 g/t fitase. Não foi observada diferença sobre a conversão alimentar e características de carcaça na fase integral (1-42dias) de criação para os diferentes tratamentos. Contudo, o consumo de ração, peso médio ao abate e o ganho de peso foram afetados significativamente, sendo que os tratamentos suplementados com enzimas apresentaram maior consumo de ração do que os tratamentos sem a suplementação enzimática, maior peso médio ao abate e maior ganho de peso. Conclui-se que o uso das carboidrases associadas à inclusão de fitase foi efetivo para elevar a energia metabolizável aparente das rações à base de milho e farelo de soja. A adição das enzimas na dieta das aves permitiu um aumento no consumo de ração de 5,18% e melhoria no ganho de peso de 4,39%. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aves; carboidrases; desempenho; fitase; rendimento.

A Ayahuasca, chá produzido pela decocção do caule do cipó Jagube (Banisteriopsis caapi) e das folhas da Chacrona (Psychotria viridis), é um alucinógeno ritualístico que alcançou a atualidade através de várias doutrinas religiosas. No Brasil, entre as tradições religiosas que fazem uso da bebida estão o Santo Daime, a Barquinha e a União do Vegetal. A bebida contém a substância N,N-dimetiltriptamina, psicotrópico de uso proscrito pela Portaria SVS/MS 344/1998 e considerado droga pela Lei 11.343/2006. Apesar disto, o uso religioso do chá foi reconhecido pelo CONAD em 2004 (Resolução 4/2004) e ratificado pela Resolução 1/2010. A partir daí, posicionamentos repletos de preconceitos e desprovidos de fundamentação científica têm sido gerados. A fim de contribuir com a discussão, o presente trabalho sistematiza o conhecimento antropológico, farmacológico e legal sobre o chá.