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Objective To describe the characteristics of the body components and phase angle of patients with MAFLD according to those different to fibrosis and hepatic steatosis. Material and methods Observational and descriptive study in a cohort of 585 volunteers from our center with MAFLD criteria. The risk of liver fibrosis was determined by APRI, NAFLD score and FIB-4; At an indeterminate and high risk of fibrosis, a transient elastography (Fibroscan) were realize. Bioimpedance body composition analysis (SECA®) was performed. Patients with ET and SECA® registry were included. Bioimpedance body composition analysis (SECA®) was performed. Patients with ET and SECA® registry were included. Results 125 participants (21.4%) were evaluated, age 53.9 ± 13.9 years, 62.1% women, BMI 33.2 ± 5.8 kg / m2. The SECA® analysis showed mean fat mass of 42% ± 7.32 and muscle mass 21.18 kg ± 6.6. The PhA was 5.1 ± 0.69, in women 4.92 ± 0.62 and men 5.41 ± 0.70. PhA in patients without fibrosis was 5,091 vs with fibrosis 5,121, (p = 0.813). In advanced fibrosis, it reported a low value compared to the rest of the groups (p = 0.031). The PhA in S3 was higher compared to S1 and S2 (5.3 vs 4.82, 4.81) (p = 0.027). Conclusions In MAFLD the PhA was lower than the healthy Mexican population. In patients without fibrosis and severe steatosis, PhA rises proportionally to the increase in fat mass and BMI and in advanced liver fibrosis, PhA decreases.

ObjectiveA minimum of physical activity and low liquid intake are factors that have been associated with constipation. The health emergency brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adopting behaviour, such as sheltering-in-place (less mobility) and dietary changes, creating a scenario we believe to be an adequate model for examining the appearance of symptoms of constipation and its associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on an open population, applying an electronic survey (4 weeks after lockdown due to COVID-19 in Mexico) to evaluate demographic characteristics, physical activity, water and fibre intake, appearance of constipation symptoms (including stool consistency), and quality of life.ResultsOut of 678 subjects evaluated, 170 (25%, 95% CI: 21.7 to 28.4) developed symptoms of ‘new-onset’ constipation, with a significant decrease in the number of daily bowel movements (pConclusionsIn our study on an open population in Mexico, we found that one-fourth of the population developed ‘new-onset’ constipation symptoms during the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A reduction of physical activity and less water consumption were associated factors.

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and distribution of anxiety and depression among Mexican population, and to examine its association with internet addiction during the COVID-19 outbreak.DesignA web-based cross-sectional study.SettingGeneral population in México.Participants561 subjects were recruited (71% female, mean age 30.7 ± 10.6 years).InterventionsAn online survey to assess personal attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19, sleep-disorders related, the Mexican version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was applied.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of anxiety, depression, internet addiction and sleep disorders and associated factors. Also, prevalence for anxiety and depression were compared to an historic control group.ResultsDuring the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the prevalence for anxiety and depression was 50% (95% CI, 45.6% to 54.1%) and 27.6%, (95% CI 23.8% to 31.4%), respectively. We found a 51% (33% to 50%) increase in anxiety and up to 86% increase in depression during the initial weeks of the lock-down compared to the control group. According to the IAT questionnaire, 62.7% (95% CI 58.6% to 68.8%) of our population had some degree of internet addiction. Odds ratio for development of anxiety symptoms was 2.02 (95% CI1.56-2.1, p=0.0001) and for depression was 2.15 (95% CI 1.59-2.9, p=0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, younger age (p=0.006), sleep problems (p=0.000), and internet addiction (p=0.000) were associated with anxiety and depression.ConclusionsOur study provides valuable information on the psychological impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the Mexican population. As in other parts of the globe, in Mexico, fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection has had devastating consequences on mental health, such as anxiety, depression and sleeping disturbances. Internet abuse and the consequent overexposure to rapidly spreading misinformation (infodemia) are associated to anxiety and depression.Strengths and limitations of this studyOur study have addressed the immediate psychological effect of the pandemic in the general population in a Latin American country, specifically in Mexico, a nation with high population density.Using the IAT (a specific tool to assess internet dependency), we found internet addiction was highly prevalent and correlated to anxiety and depression.We used the snowball sampling strategy; thus, our population is biased and may not reflect the actual pattern of general population.We decided to compare anxiety and depression with an historic cohort, and although this control group is not exactly matched to our studied population, the prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders are like those reported previously in Mexico.Other limitations include response bias due to fewer older subjects participating, the fact that sleep problems were not rigorously evaluated with a specific tool, and some states in our country were not represented in this work.

Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and oral mucosa. In bullous pemphigoid (BP), skin involvement is predominant, whereas oesophageal involvement is rare, compared with other blistering diseases. We present, herein, the case of a 67-year-old man with a history of successfully treated BP that 2 years later developed progressive dysphagia, unintentional weight loss and iron deficiency anaemia. An endoscopy with biopsies was performed, and its findings were consistent with ‘sloughing esophagitis’ (esophagitis dissecans superficialis) associated with BP. Oesophageal involvement was present during the first weeks, making our case unusual due to the isolated oesophageal symptoms that developed 24 months later.