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Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating iron metabolism. Elevated levels of hepcidin in renal failure contribute to the development of anemia. We aimed to evaluate the association between hepcidin and inflammation in hemodialysis patients and how dialysis affects hepcidin levels.

Background: It was aimed to induce a new experimental colitis model by using acetic acid and trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid together and to investigate the severity of inflammation biochemically and histopathologically in comparison with other models., Methods: Fifty-six Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as control, acetic acid, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, and combined groups, and the animals were sacrificed following the induction of colitis on the third day and on the seventh day. The serum amyloid A and myeloperoxidase were tested in plasma samples, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 33, and ST2 were assayed in colon tissue samples with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in addition to histopathological examination., Results: There were statistically significant differences between the combined and the control groups both on the third day and on the seventh day in all parameters. There was no difference between the acetic acid group on the seventh day and the control groups in biochemical parameters., Conclusions: The acetic acid model forms acute colitis. The combined model is found to be more successful in forming inflammation when compared to other models.

Background: We aimed to compare biochemical and histopathological findings of astaxanthin's potential effects on oxidative stress in ischemia/reperfusion damage (I/R)., Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group; I/R group; I/R + treatment group; drug group. Astaxanthin was orally administered to groups C and D for 14 days. In groups B and C, the femoral artery was clamped for 2 h to form ischemia. The clamp was opened, and reperfusion was performed for 1 h. In all groups, 4 ml of blood sample through intracardiac puncture and gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples were collected. Serum and tissue samples were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative level (TOL). Necrosis, inflammation, and caspase-3 in muscle tissue collected for histopathological examination were evaluated., Results: Tissue MDA, SOD and TOL values significantly differed between groups. Serum MDA, SOD, TOL and TAC values significantly differed between groups. On necrosis examination, there was a significant difference between groups B and C. Although signs of inflammation significantly differed between groups, there was no significant difference between groups A and C and groups A and D. Although there was a significant difference in caspase-3 results between groups, there was no significant difference between groups A and C., Conclusions: The use of astaxanthin before and after surgery showed preventive or therapeutic effects against I/R damage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Studies conducted on isotretinoin have shown that it may indirectly lead to atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of systemic isotretinoin on subclinical atherosclerosis. The present study included 63 patients with acne vulgaris who had used isotretinoin for 6 months. Glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels; body mass index; waist circumference; blood pressure; lipid profile; and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels were compared in the patients at the initiation and discontinuation of the treatment. At the discontinuation of the treatment, LOX-1 and Ox-LDL levels showed a significant increase (P < .001 and P = .040, respectively). Differences in waist circumference were positively correlated with an increase in LOX-1 levels (r = .274; P = .030). Isotretinoin causes an increase in the levels of subclinical atherosclerosis markers. Although the present study sample size was small, we believe that caution should be exercised considering the risk of atherosclerosis during isotretinoin use in men with high waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors; further studies are warranted in this regard., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Ghrelin levels can play an important role in maintaining the energy balance of pregnant women. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between HG and Ghrelin., Material and Methods: 50 female patients admitted to the VAN Yüzüncü Yıl University, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 25 pregnant women with HG, Group 2 included 25 healthy pregnant women., Results: The two groups showed similarities in terms of age, gravidity, B-HCG and gestational age. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the Ghrelin levels (p = 0.867)., Conclusions: This study shows that there is no difference between Ghrelin levels and HG during pregnancy. Increased Ghrelin in previous studies was attributed to low oral intake. Another study reported lower Ghrelin levels are not the result of, but are rather the cause of, reduced oral intake during. The balancing of these two conditions does not lead to a change in the level of Ghrelin.

Introduction: Extremely high glucose concentrations have been shown to interfere with creatinine assays especially with Jaffe method in peritoneal dialysate. Because diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease in the world, laboratories study with varying glucose concentrations. We investigated whether different levels of glucose spiked in serum interfere with 21 routine chemistry and thyroid assays at glucose concentrations between 17-51 mmol/L., Materials and Methods: Baseline (group I) serum pool with glucose concentration of 5.55 (5.44-5.61) mmol/L was prepared from patient sera. Spiking with 20% dextrose solution, sample groups were obtained with glucose concentrations: 17.09, 34.52, and 50.95 mmol/L (group II, III, IV, respectively). Total of 21 biochemistry analytes and thyroid tests were studied on Abbott c8000 and i2000sr with commercial reagents. Bias from baseline value was checked statistically and clinically., Results: Creatinine increased significantly by 8.74%, 31.66%, 55.31% at groups II, III, IV, respectively with P values of < 0.001. At the median glucose concentration of 50.95 mmol/L, calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4 biased significantly clinically (-0.85%, 1.63%, 0.65%, 7.4% with P values 0.138, 0.214, 0.004, < 0.001, respectively). Remaining assays were free of interference., Conclusion: Among the numerous biochemical parameters studied, only a few parameters are affected by dramatically increased glucose concentration. The creatinine measurements obtained in human sera with the Jaffe alkaline method at high glucose concentrations should be interpreted with caution. Other tests that were affected with extremely high glucose concentrations were calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4, hence results should be taken into consideration in patients with poor diabetic control.

Introduction: There is no valid and reliable diagnostic test for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). The aim of this study was to measure the plasma levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and citrulline in AMI to gain insight into its early diagnosis., Material and Methods: A total of 21 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, that is, control group, short-term ischemia group, and prolonged ischemia group. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 15 min in the short-term ischemia group and for 12 h in the prolonged ischemia group. Twelve hours later, the experiment was terminated and plasma DAO and citrulline levels were measured. Intestinal tissue was evaluated for the histopathological changes., Results: Compared to the control group, the short-term and prolonged ischemia groups showed significant increases in the plasma levels of DAO, whereas the plasma citrulline levels decreased significantly. Prolonged ischemia caused a larger increase in the plasma DAO levels and a larger decrease in the plasma citrulline levels compared to the short-term ischemia (p=0.011 and p=0.021, respectively). Intestinal damage was shown to develop more in the prolonged ischemia group (p=0.001)., Conclusion: In the early period of AMI, the plasma DAO levels increase while citrulline levels decrease, and the extent of these changes depends on the duration of ischemia.