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(1) Background. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is currently regarded as the gold standard diagnostic procedure to assess the site(s) of upper airway collapse in subjects affected by Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). During DISE, a jaw thrust maneuver is performed to advance the mandible and to predict the effectiveness of outcomes of treatment with mandibular advancement devices (MADs). However, the maneuver is not predictable and could be influenced by specific patients’ anatomical/functional conditions. The aim of this work is to propose a full-digital workflow for customizing an individual mandibular advancement fork, usable by otorhinolaryn gologists during DISE. (2) Materials. Two patients with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate OSAS (AHI ≥ 5 to ≤30/h of sleep) underwent orthodontic examination to verify the usability of the MAD. Intra-oral scans and registration were performed, including bite registration with 65% of mandibular advancement. The latter measurement was used as a reference to design a 3D-printed fork for DISE, as well as for the future MAD. Both patients underwent DISE in the operating room in the presence of an anesthesiologist, otolaryngologist, orthodontic specialist and neurophysiopathology technician. (3) Results. In the intraoperative polysomnography recording, during sleep, the pres ence of obstructive apnea was confirmed based on respiratory parameters (PNG1, PNG2, PNG3) with associated desaturation and increased muscle activities on PNG4 (mylohyoid muscle), EMG1 (right masseter muscle) and EMG2 (left masseter muscle). With the advancement fork in place, the immediate improvement effect on all respiratory parameters with normal saturation values and the complete suppression of masseter muscles were observed. Accordingly, both patients were considered potential good-responders to the MAD treatment. (4) Conclusions. The preliminary data shown are encouraging and would suggest that the fork represents a stable reference fo

Sleep disorders are frequent in acute stroke. The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a validated scale for the sleep assessment in intensive care unit. The aim of the present study is to validate RCSQ for use in patients with acute stroke. We performed a validation study by comparing the RCSQ with polysomnography (PSG), the standardized measure of sleep. Inclusion criteria were age >= 18 years and a radiologically confirmed diagnosis of stroke. Exclusion criteria were global aphasia, extreme severity of clinical conditions and inability to attend PSG. All patients underwent PSG in a stroke unit, the day after a subjective sleep assessment by means of the RCSQ. The RCSQ was compared with PSG parameters to assess the degree of concordance of the two measures. The cohort consisted of 36 patients. Mean RCSQ score was 61.5 +/- 24.8. The total score of the RCSQ showed a good degree of concordance with the sleep efficiency index of PSG. Accuracy of the RCSQ was 70%, sensitivity 71% and specificity 68%. The RCSQ is a good tool for screening the sleep quality in the setting of a stroke unit. Therefore, it could be useful to select the patients who might beneficiate from an instrumental sleep evaluation.