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4. Trace element fingerprinting of ancient copper: A guide to technology or provenance?

Author

Young, Suzanne M. M. [Hrsg.], Pollard, A. Mark [Hrsg.], Budd, Paul [Hrsg.], Ixer, Robert A. [Hrsg.], Young, Suzanne M. M., Pollard, A. Mark, Budd, Paul, and Ixer, Robert A.

Subjects
Alte Geschichte, Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Archäologie, Plastic arts Sculpture, History of the ancient world to ca. 499 [T930], Prehistoric Archaeology [FVFG], Sculpture, ceramics & metalwork [T730]
Published
2020
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6. Investigating population movement by stable isotope analysis: a report from Britain

Author

Budd, Paul, Millard, Andrew, Chenery, Carolyn, Lucy, Sam, and Roberts, Charlotte

Subjects
Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Stable isotopes present in local ground water get into people's teeth before they are 12 years old, and act as a signature to the area where they grew up (and drank the water). In a review of recent work in Britain the authors show the huge potential of this method for detecting population movement--and thus ultimately for investigating questions of migration, exogamy and slavery. Keywords: oxygen, strontium, isotopes, residency, mobility, Introduction Isotopic methods, originally developed in geological and environmental science, and now applied to archaeological material, allow us to comment directly on the place of childhood residence of individual people [...]

Published
2004

7. A burial of a Viking woman at Adwick-le-Street, South Yorkshire

Author

Speed, Greg, Rogers, Penelope Walton, Budd, Paul, Clogg, Phil, Langston, Joy, and Paterson, Erica

Subjects
Excavation -- Forecasts and trends, Burial, Market trend/market analysis, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

IN JANUARY 2001, an archaeological watching brief was carried out during the construction of a sewer pipeline at Adwick-le-Street near Doncaster in South Yorkshire. During excavation of a Romano-British trackway ditch, a plough-truncated grave was identified which produced fragmentary skeletal remains and an assemblage of copper-alloy and iron grave goods typical of a female Scandinavian burial of the Viking Period. The grave goods included a plough-damaged copper-alloy bowl, a non-matching pair of oval 'tortoise' brooches and fragments of an iron knife and a key or latch-lifter. Other objects might previously have been removed by ploughing. The oval brooches are typologically the earliest of the four pairs to have been recovered in England from a grave and the first to be excavated under archaeological conditions. The design and condition of the brooches suggest a date for the burial at the end of the 9th century. Isotope analysis of teeth from the skeleton indicates an origin for the woman in either Norway or possibly north-eastern Scotland. Investigation of the grave goods has provided information on manufacturing techniques and costume. No evidence was recovered to suggest why the woman was buried in this location, although a previous discovery of Roman or post-Roman inhumations and cremations nearby and the results of geophysical survey suggest that the excavated grave might form part of a more widely dispersed group of burials.

Published
2004

9. Fish Bulletin No. 56. Development of the eggs and early larvae of six California fishes

Author

Budd, Paul L

Abstract

The eggs and larvae of very few marine fishes of this coast have been described. Many fish eggs remain unidentified so that each description narrows the field of unknowns, and by elimination assists in further identifications. In the present work the eggs and larvae of six species are described: our most important flatfish, three turbots and two cottids. The first species, the pointed-nosed sole, makes up half of the State's commercial catch of flatfishes with an average take of about five and a half million pounds. The next three species considered are the so-called turbots of the genus Pleuronichthys, which are highly prized food fishes, accounting for a catch in this State of roughly 75,000 pounds per year. The two cottids are not utilized commercially.

Published
1940

12. Plan estratégico de marketing para el turismo receptivo de naturaleza en la Región Cusco

Author

Alfageme, Denisse, Budd, Paul, Chacón, Christian, Marocho, Francisco, Rivadeneira, Jean Carlo, and Merino Aspauza, Carlos Enrique

Subjects
Planificación estratégica, Turismo -- Mercadeo
Abstract

Cusco es considerado actualmente un destino turístico monotemático debido a que Machu Picchu, dada su alta promoción y reconocimientos mundiales, se encuentra posicionado como el principal motivo de viaje hacia el Perú, lo que genera la necesidad de diversificar la oferta turística. En comparación con países similares (Argentina, Brasil y Colombia), se identifica una oportunidad para incrementar el gasto promedio a través del aumento en seis días de estadía. En consecuencia, el presente plan de marketing tiene como objetivo generar divisas adicionales por turismo incluyendo los destinos de naturaleza como complemento a los paquetes actuales de Cusco, logrando así que el turista extranjero permanezca más tiempo en la región. Es así que, teniendo en cuenta las variables de accesibilidad y atractividad, se eligen cinco rutas de naturaleza agrupadas en el concepto Natural Cusco (con el tagline “Hay más energía esperando por ti”) cuya propuesta de valor está basada en los atributos de misticismo, energía y bienestar. Esto fue corroborado a través de investigación de mercado con los segmentos objetivo, alcanzando una aceptación promedio de 85% del concepto y 62% para las rutas seleccionadas. Asimismo, dado que el concepto es nuevo en el mercado y debido a que involucran a diferentes grupos de interés, será importante la implementación de la mezcla de marketing en fases, así como la participación de las comunidades aledañas a las rutas para integrarlas en los beneficios de esta actividad turística. Por último, a nivel financiero el proyecto es viable pues genera un VAN de US$ 313 millones a nivel país, y un VAN de US$ 4 millones a nivel de la región Cusco, para el período de 2017-2022. Esto beneficiaría a más de 100 mil personas gracias a la generación de empleo, y al destinarse un ingreso constante para diversos proyectos de desarrollo social Cusco is currently considered as a monothematic destination because of Machu Picchu and, due to the worldwide recognition and publicity, Cusco is ranked as the main motive for visiting Peru, which generates the need to diversify the tourism offer. In comparison to similar countries (Argentina, Brazil and Colombia), there is an opportunity to elevate the average expenditure of visitors by increasing their stay in Cusco to six days. In consequence, this marketing plan has as a main goal to generate additional income in tourism by including natural destinations as a complement to the current tourism packages offer, thus attracting foreign tourists to stay longer in the region. After careful consideration, keeping in mind variables of accessibility and attractiveness, five nature itineraries have been carefully prepared and elected under the concept Natural Cusco (using the tagline “there is more energy waiting for you”), the value proposition is based on the attributes of mysticism, energy and wellbeing. This has been confirmed with market research in the target segments reaching an approval rate of 85% in concept, and 62% in elected itineraries. Considering that it is a new concept in the market and that it involves different target groups, it is important that the implementation of the marketing mix is done in phases and it is also critical to involve the surrounding communities so they can benefit from these touristic activities. Finally, at a financial level this project is viable by generating a NPV of US$ 313 millions, a IRR of 5,142% and a ROI of 42 for the 2017-2022 period, potentially benefiting over a hundred thousand people thanks to the creation of new jobs and generating constant income for social projects Tesis

Published
2016

13. Recasting the Bronze Age.

Author

Budd, Paul

Subjects
*BRONZE Age, *ARSENIC
Abstract

Reports on the presence of arsenic in the earliest Bronze Age tools that have provided archaeologists with clues about the spread of early metals technology. Properties of arsenic; Implications of first alloys for archaeology; Disputes on long-standing conclusions of levels of arsenic in early bronzes in Ireland; Experimental evidence on diffusion of arsenic in copper smelting.

Published
1993

16. All Work and No Pay: Establishing the Standard for When Legal, Unpaid Internships Become Illegal, Unpaid Labor.

Author

Budd, Paul

Subjects
*INTERNSHIP programs, *FAIR Labor Standards Act of 1938 (U.S.), *EXEMPTION (Law)
Abstract

The author reflects on legal uncertainty over private sector internships and proposes regulatory provision to resolve the uncertainty. He discusses the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act (FSLA) along with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision regarding the FSLA. He recommends U.S. Department of labor to set a test for determining when an intern is exempt from federal wage and hour requirements.

Published
2015

18. King Croesus' Gold

Author

Budd, Paul

Subjects
King Croesus' Gold (Book) -- Criticism and interpretation, Books -- Book reviews, Education
Published
2001

24. An assessment of solubility profiling as a decontamination procedure for the 87Sr/86Sr analysis of archaeological human skeletal tissue

Author

Trickett, Mark A., Budd, Paul, Montgomery, Janet, and Evans, Jane

Subjects
*ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains, *INTERNAL migration
Abstract

87Sr/86Sr of archaeological skeletal tissues are increasingly used to reconstruct residential mobility and migration, but the post mortem preservation of biogenic Sr is often uncertain. Sample pre-treatment regimes, notably ‘solubility profiling’, have been used to remove diagenetic Sr prior to analysis, but doubts remain over their effectiveness. The investigation examines the effectiveness of solubility profiling by comparing the Sr content and 87Sr/86Sr composition of bone, dentine and enamel from two archaeological juveniles (Blackfriars, UK) before and after attempted decontamination. For both individuals leached samples of cortical bone and dentine had similar 87Sr/86Sr to those of soil leachates from the burial site, and are therefore thought to represent diagenetic 87Sr/86Sr. For both individuals samples of treated dental enamel have 87Sr/86Sr considerably more or less radiogenic than the soil leachates and other tissues. These are considered representative of biogenic Sr, i.e. Sr acquired in vivo. In effect, solubility profiling should have resulted in 87Sr/86Sr that were similar for all 3 tissues types and close to those of the untreated enamel. Experimental results show that tooth enamel 87Sr/86Sr remained largely unaffected by solubility profiling, and the process did not significantly alter the final 87Sr/86Sr of either dentine or cortical bone. It is concluded that the technique was ineffective in facilitating the recovery of biogenic Sr from these tissues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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25. Evidence for Remedial Medical Treatment of a Severe Knee Injury from the Fishergate Gilbertine Monastery in the City of York

Author

Knu¨sel, Christopher J., Kemp, Richard L., and Budd, Paul

Abstract

During the analysis of a skeletal population from the Fishergate site in the City of York, an individual from the eastern part of the cemetery associated with the Gilbertine monastic foundation of St. Andrew revealed evidence of a chronic septic arthritis, secondary to a severe right knee twist-fracture, and bone adaptation in response to altered biomechanical loading. This disability had been the subject of remedial medical treatment with copper-alloy plates. Their presence, only the fourth such treatment thus far recorded from the mediaeval period, and the sole example applied to a lower limb, suggests that monastic houses, or those buried at these establishments, and specifically those associated with the Cistercians, had preferential access to medical specialists.

Published
1995
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26. Plan estratégico de marketing para el turismo receptivo de naturaleza en la Región Cusco

Author

Alfageme, Denisse, Budd, Paul, Chacón, Christian, Marocho, Francisco, Rivadeneira, Jean Carlo, Alfageme, Denisse, Budd, Paul, Chacón, Christian, Marocho, Francisco, and Rivadeneira, Jean Carlo

Abstract

Cusco es considerado actualmente un destino turístico monotemático debido a que Machu Picchu, dada su alta promoción y reconocimientos mundiales, se encuentra posicionado como el principal motivo de viaje hacia el Perú, lo que genera la necesidad de diversificar la oferta turística. En comparación con países similares (Argentina, Brasil y Colombia), se identifica una oportunidad para incrementar el gasto promedio a través del aumento en seis días de estadía. En consecuencia, el presente plan de marketing tiene como objetivo generar divisas adicionales por turismo incluyendo los destinos de naturaleza como complemento a los paquetes actuales de Cusco, logrando así que el turista extranjero permanezca más tiempo en la región. Es así que, teniendo en cuenta las variables de accesibilidad y atractividad, se eligen cinco rutas de naturaleza agrupadas en el concepto Natural Cusco (con el tagline “Hay más energía esperando por ti”) cuya propuesta de valor está basada en los atributos de misticismo, energía y bienestar. Esto fue corroborado a través de investigación de mercado con los segmentos objetivo, alcanzando una aceptación promedio de 85% del concepto y 62% para las rutas seleccionadas. Asimismo, dado que el concepto es nuevo en el mercado y debido a que involucran a diferentes grupos de interés, será importante la implementación de la mezcla de marketing en fases, así como la participación de las comunidades aledañas a las rutas para integrarlas en los beneficios de esta actividad turística. Por último, a nivel financiero el proyecto es viable pues genera un VAN de US$ 313 millones a nivel país, y un VAN de US$ 4 millones a nivel de la región Cusco, para el período de 2017-2022. Esto beneficiaría a más de 100 mil personas gracias a la generación de empleo, y al destinarse un ingreso constante para diversos proyectos de desarrollo social, Cusco is currently considered as a monothematic destination because of Machu Picchu and, due to the worldwide recognition and publicity, Cusco is ranked as the main motive for visiting Peru, which generates the need to diversify the tourism offer. In comparison to similar countries (Argentina, Brazil and Colombia), there is an opportunity to elevate the average expenditure of visitors by increasing their stay in Cusco to six days. In consequence, this marketing plan has as a main goal to generate additional income in tourism by including natural destinations as a complement to the current tourism packages offer, thus attracting foreign tourists to stay longer in the region. After careful consideration, keeping in mind variables of accessibility and attractiveness, five nature itineraries have been carefully prepared and elected under the concept Natural Cusco (using the tagline “there is more energy waiting for you”), the value proposition is based on the attributes of mysticism, energy and wellbeing. This has been confirmed with market research in the target segments reaching an approval rate of 85% in concept, and 62% in elected itineraries. Considering that it is a new concept in the market and that it involves different target groups, it is important that the implementation of the marketing mix is done in phases and it is also critical to involve the surrounding communities so they can benefit from these touristic activities. Finally, at a financial level this project is viable by generating a NPV of US$ 313 millions, a IRR of 5,142% and a ROI of 42 for the 2017-2022 period, potentially benefiting over a hundred thousand people thanks to the creation of new jobs and generating constant income for social projects, Tesis

27. Plan estratégico de marketing para el turismo receptivo de naturaleza en la Región Cusco

Author

Alfageme, Denisse, Budd, Paul, Chacón, Christian, Marocho, Francisco, Rivadeneira, Jean Carlo, Alfageme, Denisse, Budd, Paul, Chacón, Christian, Marocho, Francisco, and Rivadeneira, Jean Carlo

Abstract

Cusco es considerado actualmente un destino turístico monotemático debido a que Machu Picchu, dada su alta promoción y reconocimientos mundiales, se encuentra posicionado como el principal motivo de viaje hacia el Perú, lo que genera la necesidad de diversificar la oferta turística. En comparación con países similares (Argentina, Brasil y Colombia), se identifica una oportunidad para incrementar el gasto promedio a través del aumento en seis días de estadía. En consecuencia, el presente plan de marketing tiene como objetivo generar divisas adicionales por turismo incluyendo los destinos de naturaleza como complemento a los paquetes actuales de Cusco, logrando así que el turista extranjero permanezca más tiempo en la región. Es así que, teniendo en cuenta las variables de accesibilidad y atractividad, se eligen cinco rutas de naturaleza agrupadas en el concepto Natural Cusco (con el tagline “Hay más energía esperando por ti”) cuya propuesta de valor está basada en los atributos de misticismo, energía y bienestar. Esto fue corroborado a través de investigación de mercado con los segmentos objetivo, alcanzando una aceptación promedio de 85% del concepto y 62% para las rutas seleccionadas. Asimismo, dado que el concepto es nuevo en el mercado y debido a que involucran a diferentes grupos de interés, será importante la implementación de la mezcla de marketing en fases, así como la participación de las comunidades aledañas a las rutas para integrarlas en los beneficios de esta actividad turística. Por último, a nivel financiero el proyecto es viable pues genera un VAN de US$ 313 millones a nivel país, y un VAN de US$ 4 millones a nivel de la región Cusco, para el período de 2017-2022. Esto beneficiaría a más de 100 mil personas gracias a la generación de empleo, y al destinarse un ingreso constante para diversos proyectos de desarrollo social, Cusco is currently considered as a monothematic destination because of Machu Picchu and, due to the worldwide recognition and publicity, Cusco is ranked as the main motive for visiting Peru, which generates the need to diversify the tourism offer. In comparison to similar countries (Argentina, Brazil and Colombia), there is an opportunity to elevate the average expenditure of visitors by increasing their stay in Cusco to six days. In consequence, this marketing plan has as a main goal to generate additional income in tourism by including natural destinations as a complement to the current tourism packages offer, thus attracting foreign tourists to stay longer in the region. After careful consideration, keeping in mind variables of accessibility and attractiveness, five nature itineraries have been carefully prepared and elected under the concept Natural Cusco (using the tagline “there is more energy waiting for you”), the value proposition is based on the attributes of mysticism, energy and wellbeing. This has been confirmed with market research in the target segments reaching an approval rate of 85% in concept, and 62% in elected itineraries. Considering that it is a new concept in the market and that it involves different target groups, it is important that the implementation of the marketing mix is done in phases and it is also critical to involve the surrounding communities so they can benefit from these touristic activities. Finally, at a financial level this project is viable by generating a NPV of US$ 313 millions, a IRR of 5,142% and a ROI of 42 for the 2017-2022 period, potentially benefiting over a hundred thousand people thanks to the creation of new jobs and generating constant income for social projects

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