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93 results on '"Budzien, S. A"'

1. The Experiment for Characterizing the Lower Ionosphere and Prediction Sporadic-E (ECLIPSE) Missions: Instruments to Study the Dynamics of the Lower Ionosphere

Author

Dymond, K. F., Nicholas, A. C., Fritz, B. A., Budzien, S. A., Stephan, A. W., Brown, C. M., Wagner, E. J., Burleigh, M. R., Drob, D. P., Zawdie, K. A., and Groves, Keith

Subjects
Sporadic-E, Spread-F, Bottomside ionosphere, Ionosphere, Metal ions, International Space Station, Ultraviolet
Abstract

The Naval Research Laboratory designed and developed small instruments for flight on CubeSats to study the Earth’s ionosphere. These instruments have been incorporated into an experiment called the Experiment for Characterizing the Lower Ionosphere and Production of Sporadic-E (ECLIPSE). One instrument is a photometer, called the Triple-Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (Tri-TIP), used to measure the brightness of the O I 135.6 nm emission, which during nighttime is produced primarily by radiative recombination of O+ ions and electrons. At nighttime this emission can be used to infer the distribution of electrons in the ionosphere. A second instrument, called the Triple-Magnesium Ion Photometer (Tri-MIP), is designed to measure the Mg II 280 nm emission, which is produced during the daytime by scattering of sunlight by Mg+ ions in the ionosphere. Mg+ ions are produced by meteoric ablation and also by charge exchange between molecular ions and Mg atoms produced during the meteor ablation. Mg+ ions act as tracers of the dynamical drivers in the E-and F-regions of the ionosphere. Prior measurements of both species have been used to determine the two-dimensional distribution of the ions in the orbit plane of the satellite making the measurements. In this paper, we describe the experiments and some observations of the Tri-TIP and Tri-MIP instruments on the two missions.

Published
2023
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2. The Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission

Author

Eastes, R. W., McClintock, W. E., Burns, A. G., Anderson, D. N., Andersson, L., Codrescu, M., Correira, J. T., Daniell, R. E., England, S. L., Evans, J. S., Harvey, J., Krywonos, A., Lumpe, J. D., Richmond, A. D., Rusch, D. W., Siegmund, O., Solomon, S. C., Strickland, D. J., Woods, T. N., Aksnes, A., Budzien, S. A., Dymond, K. F., Eparvier, F. G., Martinis, C. R., and Oberheide, J.

Published
2017
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3. Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (Gold): New Observing Capabilities for the Ionosphere-Thermosphere

Author

Eastes, R. W., primary, Mcclintock, W. E., additional, Codrescu, M. V., additional, Aksnes, A., additional, Anderson, D. N., additional, Andersson, L., additional, Baker, D. N., additional, Burns, A. G., additional, Budzien, S. A., additional, Daniell, R. E., additional, Dymond, K. F., additional, Eparvier, F. G., additional, Harvey, J. E., additional, Immel, T. J., additional, Krywonos, A., additional, Lankton, M. R., additional, Lumpe, J. D., additional, Prölss, G. W., additional, Richmond, A. D., additional, Rusch, D. W., additional, Siegmund, O. H., additional, Solomon, S. C., additional, Strickland, D. J., additional, and Woods, T. N., additional

Published
2013
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4. Initial Observations by the GOLD Mission

Author

Eastes, R. W., primary, McClintock, W. E., additional, Burns, A. G., additional, Anderson, D. N., additional, Andersson, L., additional, Aryal, S., additional, Budzien, S. A., additional, Cai, X., additional, Codrescu, M. V., additional, Correira, J. T., additional, Daniell, R. E., additional, Dymond, K. F., additional, England, S. L., additional, Eparvier, F. G., additional, Evans, J. S., additional, Foroosh, H., additional, Gan, Q., additional, Greer, K. R., additional, Karan, D. K., additional, Krywonos, A., additional, Laskar, F. I., additional, Lumpe, J. D., additional, Martinis, C. R., additional, McPhate, J. B., additional, Oberheide, J., additional, Siegmund, O. H., additional, Solomon, S. C., additional, Veibel, V., additional, and Woods, T. N., additional

Published
2020
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5. Initial Observations by the GOLD Mission

Author

Eastes, R. W., McClintock, William E., Burns, A. G., Anderson, D. N., Andersson, L., Aryal, S., Budzien, S. A., Cai, X., Codrescu, M., Correira, J. T., Daniell, R. E., Dymond, K. F., England, Scott L., Eparvier, F. G., Evans, J. S., Foroosh, H., Gan, Q., Greer, K. R., Karan, D. K., Krywonos, A., Laskar, F., I, Lumpe, J. D., Martinis, C. R., McPhate, J. B., Oberheide, J., Siegmund, O. H., Solomon, S. C., Veibel, V., Woods, T. N., Eastes, R. W., McClintock, William E., Burns, A. G., Anderson, D. N., Andersson, L., Aryal, S., Budzien, S. A., Cai, X., Codrescu, M., Correira, J. T., Daniell, R. E., Dymond, K. F., England, Scott L., Eparvier, F. G., Evans, J. S., Foroosh, H., Gan, Q., Greer, K. R., Karan, D. K., Krywonos, A., Laskar, F., I, Lumpe, J. D., Martinis, C. R., McPhate, J. B., Oberheide, J., Siegmund, O. H., Solomon, S. C., Veibel, V., and Woods, T. N.

Abstract

The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission has flown an ultraviolet-imaging spectrograph on SES-14, a communications satellite in geostationary orbit at 47.5 degrees W longitude. That instrument observes the Earth's far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow at similar to 134-162 nm using two identical channels. The observations performed include limb scans, stellar occultations, and images of the sunlit and nightside disk from 6:10 to 00:40 universal time each day. Initial analyses reveal interesting and unexpected results as well as the potential for further studies of the Earth's thermosphere-ionosphere system and its responses to solar-geomagnetic forcing and atmospheric dynamics. Thermospheric composition ratios for major constituents, O and N-2, temperatures near 160 km, and exospheric temperatures are retrieved from the daytime observations. Molecular oxygen (O-2) densities are measured using stellar occultations. At night, emission from radiative recombination in the ionosphericFregion is used to quantify ionospheric density variations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Regions of depletedFregion electron density are frequently evident, even during the current solar minimum. These depletions are caused by the "plasma fountain effect" and are associated with the instabilities, scintillations, or "spreadF" seen in other types of observations, and GOLD makes unique observations for their study. Plain Language Summary The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission has flown a dual-channel, ultraviolet-imaging spectrograph on SES-14, a communications satellite in geostationary orbit at 47.5 degrees W longitude. That instrument observes the Earth's far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow at similar to 134-162 nm. The observations performed include images of the Earth's sunlit and nightside disk, limb scans, and stellar occultations, from 6:10 to 00:40 universal time each day. Initial analyses reveal interesting and unexpected

Published
2020

10. Observations of the far ultraviolet airflow by the Ultraviolet Limb Imaging experiment on STS-39

Author

Budzien, S. A, Feldman, P. D, and Conway, R. R

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The Ultraviolet Limb Imaging (UVLIM) experiment flew on STS-39 in the spring of 1991 to observe the Earth's thermospheric airglow and included a far ultraviolet (1080-1800 A) spectrometer. We present first results from this spectrometer, including a spectroscopic analysis at 6-A resolution of H, O, N, and N2 dayglow emissions and modeling of the observed limb-scan profiles of dayglow emissions. The observed N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) emission reflects a vibrational population distribution in the a(1 Pi)(sub g) state that differs significantly from those predicted for direct electron excitation and excitation with cascade from the a('1 Sigma)(sub u)(-) and w(1 Delta)(sub u) states. The vibrational population distribution and LBH brightness suggest a total cascade rate 45% that of direct excitation, in contrast to laboratory measurements. For the first time, pronounced limb brightening is observed in both the N I lambda 1200 limb emission profiles, as expected for emissions excited by N2 dissociation which produces kinetically fast N fragments; however, optically thick components of these features are also observed. Preliminary modeling of the OI lambda 1356, HI lambda 1216, and OI lambda 1304 and OI lambda 1641 emissions agrees to within roughly 10% of the observed limb-scan profiles, but the models underestimate the N2 LBH profiles by a factor of 1.4-1.6, consistent with the inferred cascade effect. Other findings include: an OI lambda 1152/lambda 1356 intensity ratio that is inconsistent with the large cascade contribution to OI lambda 1356 from np 5P states required by laboratory and nightglow observations; nightglow observations of the tropical ultraviolet arcs exhibit a wide range of OI lambda 1356/lambda 1304 intensity ratios and illustrate the complicated observing geometry and radiative transfer effects that must be modeled; and we find a 3-sigma upper limit of 8.5 R to the total LBH vehicle glow emission.

Published
1994
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11. Upper limits to the S2 abundance in several comets observed with the International Ultraviolet Explorer

Author

Budzien, S. A and Feldman, P. D

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Reprocessed IUE spectra are used in conjunction with a recent S2 g-factor calculation in a reevaluation of the S2 scale length in Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII); a new value of 200 km is derived. S2 abundances are also determined on the basis of a fitting of a reddened solar spectrum and modeled S2 steady-state g-factors to several 2600-3240 A IUE cometary spectra. The only comet surveyed in which S2 has been detected is IRAS-Araki-Alcock. Attention is given to comet-to-comet differences in the S2 abundance relative to water.

Published
1992
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12. Ultraviolet and visible variability of the coma of Comet Levy (1990c)

Author

Feldman, P. D, Budzien, S. A, Festou, M. C, A'Hearn, M. F, and Tozzi, G. P

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A visible lightcurve of Comet Levy obtained with the IUE Fine Error Sensor has revealed short-term coma variability. A production-rate source function is derivable from these data which implies a nucleus exhibiting hemispherically asymmetric activity. The ratio of gas-to-dust-production rates is also noted to exhibit asymmetry. The low dust-outflow velocity derived from observations, at about 200 m/sec, indicates a distribution that is rich in large, 3-10 micron particles.

Published
1992
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13. OH prompt emission in Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII)

Author

Budzien, S. A and Feldman, P. D

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Following Bertaux's (1986) suggestion that photodissociative OH fluorescence can furnish a direct measure of water-density distribution within about 100 km of the cometary nucleus, if sufficiently high spatial resolution is available, attention is presently given to IUE-obtained UV spectra of two comets which differ only as to effective spatial resolution, in order to search for OH prompt emission. IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII) and Tuttle (1980 XIII) spectra are compared at comparable heliocentric, but differing geocentric, distances; evidence is thereby obtained for OH prompt emission in Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock, whose implied water-production rate reflects an instantaneous value which may be compared with that derived from OH solar resonance fluorescence.

Published
1991
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14. IUE observations of comets P/Brorsen-Metcalf and Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko

Author

Roettger, E. E, Feldman, P. D, Budzien, S. A, Ahearn, Mike F, and Festou, M. C

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf (1989c) was observed with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) on several dates from 27 July 1989 through 5 August 1989; comet Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko (1989r) was observed in low dispersion with IUE on 2 and 22 December 1989. The water production rates for P/Brorsen-Metcalf were derived from OH measurements using the vectorial model of Festou (1981). Included also are the water production rates for Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko. Two estimates of the water production rate from the O I emission around 1304 A(octogons) are included. The ultraviolet continuum was not reliably measurable in comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf in most of the spectra, but Afp is approximately 30 cm for 2 August. For the comet Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, an Afp = 50 cm was derived for 22 December. Both comets have very little dust compared to other recently observed comets. The ratio of CS to water production rates are presented. Relative to water, both comets had less CS than P/Halley in the same range of heliocentric distances. The CS production rates were obtained from a Haser model, assuming a short-lived parent (CS2). Because the dynamic range of the IUE spectrographs are limited, not all species can be measured in each spectrum. The P/Brorsen-Metcalf spectra from 31 July and 3 August were obtained from the NSSDC Archives. Due to the observing technique used for these spectra, the exposure time and hence, the brightnesses and derived quantities have a small uncertainty associated with them.

Published
1990

15. IUE observations of comet Austin (1989c1)

Author

Budzien, S. A, Feldman, P. D, Roettger, E. E, Ahearn, Mike F, and Festou, M. C

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of comet Austin (1989c1) were made using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite on December 22, 1989 (preperihelion) and on nine dates between 7 and 24 May, 1990 (postperihelion). A summary of observation dates and parameters is given. The ultraviolet spectrum is characteristic of that of non-dusty comets. Some preliminary results are presented for OH and CS production rates and dust-reflected solar continuum emission based upon the long wavelength, low resolution mode spectra; photometry using the IUE Fine Error Sensor; a detection of the CO fourth positive system in the short wavelength, low dispersion spectra; and an upper limit on S2.

Published
1990

18. The Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission

Author

Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Eastes, R. W., McClintock, William E., Burns, A. G., Anderson, D. N., Andersson, L., Codrescu, M., Correira, J. T., Daniell, R. E., England, Scott L., Evans, J. S., Harvey, J., Krywonos, A., Lumpe, J. D., Richmond, A. D., Rusch, D. W., Siegmund, O. H., Solomon, S. C., Strickland, D. J., Woods, T. N., Aksnes, A., Budzien, S. A., Dymond, K. F., Eparvier, F. G., Martinis, C. R., Oberheide, J., Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Eastes, R. W., McClintock, William E., Burns, A. G., Anderson, D. N., Andersson, L., Codrescu, M., Correira, J. T., Daniell, R. E., England, Scott L., Evans, J. S., Harvey, J., Krywonos, A., Lumpe, J. D., Richmond, A. D., Rusch, D. W., Siegmund, O. H., Solomon, S. C., Strickland, D. J., Woods, T. N., Aksnes, A., Budzien, S. A., Dymond, K. F., Eparvier, F. G., Martinis, C. R., and Oberheide, J.

Abstract

The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere constitute a dynamic system that varies daily in response to energy inputs from above and from below. This system can exhibit a significant response within an hour to changes in those inputs, as plasma and fluid processes compete to control its temperature, composition, and structure. Within this system, short wavelength solar radiation and charged particles from the magnetosphere deposit energy, and waves propagating from the lower atmosphere dissipate. Understanding the global-scale response of the thermosphere-ionosphere (T-I) system to these drivers is essential to advancing our physical understanding of coupling between the space environment and the Earth's atmosphere. Previous missions have successfully determined how the "climate" of the T-I system responds. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission will determine how the "weather" of the T-I responds, taking the next step in understanding the coupling between the space environment and the Earth's atmosphere. Operating in geostationary orbit, the GOLD imaging spectrograph will measure the Earth's emissions from 132 to 162 nm. These measurements will be used image two critical variables-thermospheric temperature and composition, near 160 km-on the dayside disk at half-hour time scales. At night they will be used to image the evolution of the low latitude ionosphere in the same regions that were observed earlier during the day. Due to the geostationary orbit being used the mission observes the same hemisphere repeatedly, allowing the unambiguous separation of spatial and temporal variability over the Americas.

Published
2017

22. The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION)

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Budzien, S A, Dymond, K F, Chua, D, Coker, C, Nicholas, A C, Thonnard, S E, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Budzien, S A, Dymond, K F, Chua, D, Coker, C, Nicholas, A C, and Thonnard, S E

Abstract

The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION) utilizes limb and nadir images to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of electrons over a 1000 km wide by 500 km high slab beneath the satellite with 10 km x 10 km x 10 km voxels. The primary goal of the VISION is to map and monitor global and mesoscale ( 10 km) electron density structures, such as the Appleton anomalies and field-aligned irregularity structures. The VISION consists of three UV limb imagers, two UV nadir imagers, a dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and a coherently emitting three frequency radio beacon. The limb imagers observe the O II 83.4 nm line (daytime electron density), O I 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime O density), and the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N2 density). The nadir imagers observe the O I 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime O density) and the N2 LBH bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N2 density). The GPS receiver monitors the total electron content between the satellite carrying VISION and the GPS constellation and detects scintillation. The three frequency radio beacon will be used with ground-based receiver chains to perform computerized radio tomography below the satellite. Measurements made using the two radio frequency instruments may also be used for on-orbit calibration and validation of the VISION UV measurements.

Published
2011

27. A medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance observed from the ground and from space

Author

Dymond, K. F., primary, Watts, C., additional, Coker, C., additional, Budzien, S. A., additional, Bernhardt, P. A., additional, Kassim, N., additional, Lazio, T. J., additional, Weiler, K., additional, Crane, P. C., additional, Ray, P. S., additional, Cohen, A., additional, Clarke, T., additional, Rickard, L. J., additional, Taylor, G. B., additional, Schinzel, F., additional, Pihlstrom, Y., additional, Kuniyoshi, M., additional, Close, S., additional, Colestock, P., additional, Myers, S., additional, and Datta, A., additional

Published
2011
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42. Ionospheric and dayglow responses to the radiative phase of the Bastille Day flare

Author

Meier, R. R., primary, Warren, H. P., additional, Nicholas, A. C., additional, Bishop, J., additional, Huba, J. D., additional, Drob, D. P., additional, Lean, J. L., additional, Picone, J. M., additional, Mariska, J. T., additional, Joyce, G., additional, Judge, D. L., additional, Thonnard, S. E., additional, Dymond, K. F., additional, and Budzien, S. A., additional

Published
2002
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48. Far‐UV emissions from the SL9 impacts with Jupiter

Author

Ballester, G. E., primary, Harris, W. M., additional, Gladstone, G. R., additional, Clarke, J. T., additional, Prangé, R., additional, Feldman, P. D., additional, Combi, M. R., additional, Emerich, C., additional, Strobel, D. F., additional, Talavera, A., additional, Budzien, S. A., additional, Vincent, M. B., additional, Livengood, T. A., additional, Jessup, K. L., additional, McGrath, M. A., additional, Hall, D. T., additional, Ajello, J. M., additional, ben Jaffel, L., additional, Rego, D., additional, Fireman, G., additional, Woodney, L., additional, Miller, S., additional, and Liu, X., additional

Published
1995
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