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Today, environmental protection has become a global concern, with every country obliged to implement laws and actions to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. One of the solutions to this problem is the implementation of environmental protection measures in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Following the analysis of the level of knowledge, we observed that the transition to the green economy through the adoption of sustainable tourism requires an innovative process, which may be the result of the introduction of new actions, strategies, and technologies. In order to implement sustainable practices in organizations, it is essential to have entrepreneurs who are dedicated to finding the best options and ways to implement ideas that comply with the three principles of sustainable development. In January-March 2024, a survey was conducted among tourism entrepreneurs (accommodation and catering establishments, associations) in Bukovina region on the implementation of green economy principles for creating sustainable businesses. more...

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The article describes the key features of the system of foreign language teacher professional training in Bukovina in 1918 to 1940. Bukovina is an area of present-day Western Ukraine, which in the period under study belonged to Romania. The study has been carried out in the form of an analysis of the components constituting the system of foreign language teacher education: the discussion begins with the preconditions for establishing pedagogical practices in training future teachers from the historical-social and administrative-territorial perspectives; then the structural aspects and educational policymaking issues of the institutions responsible for foreign language teacher training in Bukovina, as well as their activities aimed at providing professional support for in-service teachers, have been studied; finally, the structure and content of both the curricula and textbooks used in foreign language teachers' education have been critically analysed. The deliberations brought the authors to conclude that the methods of teaching foreign languages most widely used and supported by the government in the period under study in Bukovina were the Direct and Mixed methods. At the same time, the analysis of governmental policy of the ruling state contributed to the process of Romanianisation of the Ukrainians, depriving young people of the opportunity to gain secondary and higher education in their native language, while discriminating against the school graduates on their ethnicity as the criterion for enrolment of university applicants for a degree in teaching foreign languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Literature that focuses on the monasteries and places of worship in Bukovina contributes to a higher understanding of this region’s spiritual/religious magnetism. The work under review - “The Church of ‘Saint George the Great Martyr’ of ‘Saint John the New of Suceava’ Monastery. History, Faith, Culture and Civilization” by Vasile M. Demciuc, PhD, is an excellent example of such writing. Thanks to the author’s efforts readers gain knowledge about the architectural ensemble’s historical setting, the founders, inscriptions, iconostasis (Moldavian Baroque style), architecture, altar, or nave, the external painting which was severely damaged during the Habsburg period and largely covered by a thick layer of plaster. more...

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The transition to the green economy is a difficult and complicated process involving several distinct stages. For this transition to take place, it is important that both national elites and broad sections of society are aware of this. This study analysed the views of young people in Bukovina on the green economy - how they perceive it, sources of information accessed, possible solutions and benefits. All young people need to have a solid understanding of entrepreneurship and sustainable development (SD) in order to be aware of the impact of their decisions on the SD process. Education for Sustainable Development aims to strengthen the links between human well-being, the economy and environmental protection in order to build an eco-efficient welfare society. It promotes understanding of one's own cultural heritage, cultural diversity, justice and capacities for intercultural and international interaction, increasing involvement and motivation in decision-making as citizens and community members, in order to create the conditions for sustainable industrial development. Young people have the capacity and responsibility to make a crucial contribution to the transition to a green economy. We believe that sustainability and environmental issues must be taught from an early age, adopting innovative educational tools that take into account environmental protection, social and economic development and the achievement of related goals. Recently, young people in Europe have been actively involved in environmental actions, forming various social movements at different territorial, national and European levels to advocate for environmental protection and the implementation of climate neutral policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Today, environmental protection has become a global concern, with every country obliged to implement laws and actions to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. One of the solutions to this problem is the implementation of environmental protection measures in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Following the analysis of the level of knowledge, we observed that the transition to the green economy through the adoption of sustainable tourism requires an innovative process, which may be the result of the introduction of new actions, strategies, and technologies. In order to implement sustainable practices in organizations, it is essential to have entrepreneurs who are dedicated to finding the best options and ways to implement ideas that comply with the three principles of sustainable development. In January-March 2024, a survey was conducted among tourism entrepreneurs (accommodation and catering establishments, associations) in Bukovina region on the implementation of green economy principles for creating sustainable businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article presents research results on the Polish theatre in Czerniowce in the years 1863-1865. The central part of the text is dedicated to the repertoire of the Polish stage in the discussed period, which was compiled on the basis of the German newspaper "Bukowina". The starting point and, at the same time, reference point for the developed repertoire is the repertoire of Helena Modjeska's performances in Czerniowce, prepared by Jerzy Got. The Polish Theatre in Czerniowce was an important cultural centre that shaped and cultivated the identity of the Bukovina's Polish community in the second half of the 19th century. The institution in question was an organisational phenomenon - four permanent theatres were run simultaneously in one building - and a cultural one - each of them staged plays in a different language. It was a unique example of artistic cooperation for the benefit of multicultural audiences; mainly Polish, German, Romanian and Ukrainian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The author provides a historical overview of the Royal Consulate of Romania in Czernowitz (Cernăuți, now Chernivtsi), as it appears in the work A Royal Consulate in Chernivtsi...: The Royal Consulate of Romania in Chernivtsi – 130 years since its establishment 1892-2022. The Royal Consulate of Romania in Czernowitz was the third Romanian diplomatic institution in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after the legation in Vienna and the consulate in Budapest. Established in 1892 during an era marked by significant political and national movements, it experienced a gradual evolution from consulate to consulate general in 1905. Its establishment would serve the ethnic communities of Bukovina, located at a great distance from the political-administrative centre of the empire, as well as the development of cultural and economic relations in this part of Eastern Europe. This review summarizes the activities of the Romanian diplomatic service in Chernivtsi throughout two periods of operation: 1892-1916 and 1999-2022. more...

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Since its first issue, of January 1, 1936, the „Însemnări ieșene” [„Notes from Jassy”] Magazine (1936-1940) has emphasized the orientation of „a group of intellectuals” that aimed to continue the tradition of the literary, cultural and scientific circles from Moldavia, with a focus on a series of ideas related to „national specificity”, „popular language”, „cultural unification”. For almost five years, the magazine polarized intellectuals from all over Moldavia and had an intense program of dissemination of the Romanian culture through the organization of itinerant conferences in the cities of Jassy, Tighina, Kishinev, Soroca and Balti. The September 1, 1940 issue of the magazine was dedicated to Bessarabia and Bukovina and was remarkable for its spiritual Romanian essence. The present paper dwells on the importance of this special issue of the magazine, which deals with a number of representative topics announced by the article titles such as: „Basarabia până la 1812” [„Bessarabia until 1812”], „Viața românească în Basarabia (1812-1918”) [„Romanian Life in Bessarabia (1812-1918)”], „Mărturii moldovenești la Nistru” [„Moldavian Testimonies on the Dniester River”], „Basarabia – provincie istorică rusească?” [„Bessarabia–Russian Historical Province?”], „Universitatea din Cernăuți” [„The University of Chernivtsi”], „A doua pierdere a Bucovinei și Basarabiei” [„The Second Loss of Bukovina and Bessarabia”], „Iar vremuri de bejanie”, [„New Times of Turmoil”], „Și totuși, nu deznădăjduim!” [„And Yet, We Do Not Despair!”] and many more. This unique issue was illustrated with numerous images from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, as well as with portraits of cultural personalities born in the Romanian land between the Prut and Dniester rivers, all meant to discuss and emphasize the national identity of Romanians through culture. more...

Who is Balthasar Hacquet (1739-1815)? A universal man and Enlightenment figure, Balthasar Hacquet was a physician, surgeon, geologist, mineralogist, botanist, fascinated by plants and animals, chemist, karstologist, palaeontologist, as well as ethnographer, ethnologist and anthropologist. The present study is prompted by the fact that between 1788 and 1789, Hacquet travelled through Bukovina, recently occupied by the Austrians, recording facts and giving testimonies on locals and settlers alike. The first part of the study analyzes the way Hacquet is published and received in Romania, between 1895 and 2007, from G. Bogdan-Duică (1895) to Nicolae Iorga, Leca Morariu, Radu Grigorovici, Leonte Ivanov. With insignificant exceptions, the most common opinion among Romanians is that Hacquet is unfair to the locals, conveying an unfavourable image of the Romanian-speaking population. Considering such an assessment inadequate, the author proposes in the second part of the study a re-reading of Hacquet's travel notes from an imagological perspective. The proposed analysis does not aim at reprimanding Hacquet for his views, nor at correcting them. Instead it aims at problematizing his perspective as the consequence of all sorts of contexts. Consequently, the ideas conveyed by Hacquet take on complex meanings that go beyond the limits of a divide between cultures. Finally, through the rereading it proposes, the study responds to its main objective, which is to dive into Hacquet's writing in order to reconstruct multiple aspects of life in Bukovina between 1788 and 1789. more...

This contribution explores how notions of Habsburg cultural identity were promoted at the main grammar school (kaiserlich-königliches I. Staatsgymnasium) in Czernowitz, capital of the multilingual and multiethnic crownland of Bukovina, between 1900 and 1913. After presenting the relevant historical and linguistic context, the school’s yearbooks from that era are examined to obtain information regarding the celebration of relevant holidays and events, musical and literary performances, as well as the commemoration of important cultural luminaries. Through this analysis, insights into the contemporary means utilised to promote a wider Habsburg identity will be gained, providing useful qualitative data and thus adding to the broader discussion on educational policies in late Habsburg Bukovina. more...

Sustainable forest management highlights the multipurpose use of all forest resources, including the use of wild mushrooms, by a variety of forest users and especially for rural livelihoods. To achieve sustainable forest management, among others, decision-makers and forest managers need to identify the important elements for the livelihoods of local communities dependent on forests. Therefore, our aim is to analyse the importance of contemporary use of wild mushrooms for daily livelihoods in rural areas of the Carpathian Mountains by comparing two ethnic groups, Hutsuls and Romanians, living in a similar ecological environment and formerly belonging to the historical region of Bukovina, but currently split by the border between Ukraine and Romania which have different governments and economic situations. One hundred and twenty-one face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted in the summers of 2018 and 2019. We compared the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of Romanians and Hutsuls living, respectively, in lowlands and mountain areas on both sides of the border. Our results demonstrated the homogenous use of mushroom species for cultural purposes (e.g. ritual foods). Yet, we detected a remarkable difference in the role mushrooms play in providing income: Hutsuls in Ukraine use forest products as a main (rarely additional) source of income, while Romanian Hutsuls use them solely as additional income. Romanians on both sides considered mushrooms mainly as food and did not sell them (probably due in part to less abundance in the area). We also documented the fear of local residents that forest management and protected areas could suppress the right to collect wild mushrooms. The use of mushrooms is an important aspect of local TEK and needs to be considered as a part of sustainable forest management and as a means of poverty reduction in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

In European countries, the enhancement of the cultural heritage of old rural houses of historical, architectural, economic and social value is an activity that aims firstly to bring the cultural heritage up to date, through restoration and placing it in the circuit of current socio-human values and, secondly, to promote the level of sustainable development of the rural communities. The binomial that guarantees success, both in terms of rural tourism and in terms of enhancing a village way of life, is modern infrastructure and a preserved and restored built heritage. The need for research and discussion related to the preservation of old houses is linked to the need to sustain rural traditional houses by recognising their role and contribution to maintaining harmonious relationships between people and their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article analyses the first published works dedicated to Bukovinian studies during the military rule of the region in 1775–1786. Bukovina's insights have been recorded in European academic journals, with the help of prominent scientists such as August Ludwig von Schlözer and Friedrich Gottlieb Canzler. The peculiarity of the Bukovinian studies at the time was that the Austrian military or employees of various ranks prepared almost all information materials required by the state's highest officials on specific management decisions rather than publish them in academic or popular journals. Nevertheless, those works served as a necessary foundation for developing local lore research in Bukovina. General major Gabriel Freiherr von Splény’s memos regarding the territory were taken into account, as they documented the region's position throughout the occupation. The works of Major Friedrich von Mieg, Engineer Johann Budinszky, and Nobleman Vasile Balș contain interesting information on Bukovina. Although these reports were kept in the Vienna archives for a long time and were published only after more than a hundred years, in the late 19th century, they are rightfully considered among the first works on local lore studies about Bukovina of the Austrian period. These works contributed to the later development of local lore studies of Bukovina. more...

This study focuses on presenting the specific Central European region of Bukovina, in its day the last crown land of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which today is divided between Ukraine and Romania. A specific national-cultural situation formed in its capital of Chernivtsi at the beginning of the twentieth century: the Jewish minority, using standard German as its language of communication and sensing the approach of its annihilation, clung to literary creativity, consisting primarily in intensive poetry writing. After the Second World War, the literary work of these authors was published in the diaspora. In addition to the name of Rose Ausländer, the poet Paul Celan especially gained renown, and it was from his late work, written towards the end of his life, that the Israeli poet Ilana Shmueli, originally from Chernivtsi, took inspiration. The work of both these authors is directed towards hermeticism and cipher, but this is in no way detrimental to the intensity of the poetic communication of the tragedy of the Shoah. more...

The present study consists of a biographical outline of Father Georg Goebel who, between 1931 and 1940, put himself in the service of the German community in Bukovina. He built an orphanage in Czernowitz and became involved in the organization of the Catholic youth of Bukovina. The national-socialists of Bukovina saw him as a competitor. However, Goebel had the support of the German consul in Czernowitz, Fritz Schellhorn, for having successfully established a number of small German schools. After his repatriation/relocation to the German Reich he was denounced by the national-socialists of Bukovina. He nevertheless managed to avoid being arrested by the Gestapo following the intervention of high-ranking Catholic clergymen. Until the end of the war he served in Upper Silesia, being forced to leave that province after 1945. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The present paper presents a guest register from the Putna Monastery Archive, which was written in the first decade of the 20th century. The paper analyzes the pilgrims’ places of origin – countries, regions, cities, villages, monasteries, their trade – professors, doctors, artists, architects, lawyers etc. The most important personalities have also been selected. This analysis presents quite an accurate picture of daily life at Putna Monastery at the beginning of the last century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Colloquia Humanistica is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The study draws the readers' attention to the comparative analysis of the traditional concept of time for Romanians and Ukrainians in Bukovina, based on extensive research conducted by ethnographers during the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries. Temporal representations are reflected at the structural level, investigating the units of measurement for time: year, season, month, days of the week, day-night alternation. The authors highlighted the ways of establishing the popular calendar, including the role played by climatic conditions, the seasonal evolution of flora and fauna in structuring the time. more...

Compared to the Habsburg era, when Yiddish writings were hardly printed in Bukovina – due to the centralized policy of Vienna and the openness towards integration and assimilation on the part of numerous Bukovinian Jews, as well as because of the status of Yiddish as the language of uneducated Jews – the Yiddish printing industry, as well as the Yiddish libraries didn’t develop until the early 1920s, simultaneously with the emergence of national identity concepts. This paper is based on descriptive research and discusses the importance of these institutions in shaping trajectories of cultural, national and linguistic identities. more...

This article aims at a brief description of the main Romanian press landmarks in Bukovina (1775-1918). Starting from the first chronicle printed in Chernivtsi (1811), the first Bukovina newspaper edited by the brothers Gheorghe and Alexandru Hurmuzachi was published between 1848 and 1850. The late 19th century brings to the fore the press representatives of the various Romanian political factions in Bukovina, which dominated the public scene until the outbreak of the First World War. more...

The study considers the implications of alcohol production and use, as well as the evolution of the abstinence movement among the Ukrainian population of Bukovina in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries in, a polyethnic context. The authors examined the state and local authorities' policies on alcoholic beverage marketing. The reactions of the Ruthenians in Bukovina to anti-alcohol campaigns that occurred among other ethnic groups in the region are explored. more...

Aleksander Petrino (1824–99) was the only Austrian government minister who came from its eastern-most 'crown-land', the Bukovina – the only one without a clear-cut ethnic majority. Ukrainians were the biggest group but were massively under-represented among the elites. A sizeable part of the leadership of the Rumanians consisted of Phanariot Greeks, such as Petrino. Austrian politics in the opening phase of constitutionalism during the 1860s was characterized by a cleavage between centralist German Liberals and federalist and Catholic Slavs. Bukovina representatives did not easily fit into either category. Petrino, who also worked assiduously as a lobbyist for railroad companies, initially sided with the German Liberals, then organized a gathering of minorities from different parts of the Austrian half of the Empire, including Italians and Slovenes. It was the decision of this squadrone volante to join the Czech and Polish boycott of the Vienna Parliament in March 1870 that persuaded the Emperor to finally dismiss the German Liberal Bürgerministerium ('Citizens' Ministry'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article concerns itself with the evolution of the perception of the affiliaton with the "old country" among the Bukovina Slovaks before 1947, and namely with the retrospective construction of the myth of the preservation of identity in abroad post reemigration to Slovakia in 1947. more...

The COVID-19 outbreak which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The present paper investigates the role played by the public administration in rebuilding and supporting the tourist sector in Bukovina which has been severely affected by the restrictions imposed by pandemic. The study used a mixed research method: quantitative analysis (applied questionnaires) and qualitative research (interviews). Although the local administration has a limited jurisdiction of the te rritorial-administrative units, the current sanitary crisis along with the economic one have started to affect territories and populations more and more extended, which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The results show that the types of governance applied by the county and local administration will have a decisive impact upon the recovery of the tourism sector. more...

During the past 30 years, Romanian historians have paid limited attention to the rich history of social-democracy in Romania, despite the opportunities offered to them by the fall of the communist regime. To be sure, the post-revolutionary period has yielded a good deal of published material concerning social-democracy, or more broadly, the history of the left in Romania – monographs, memoirs, various collections of documents, scholarly work, some of the latter very good. All things considered, research has yet to explore certain avenues of inquiry. There are still unaddressed questions in this field of study. more...

Aim of investigation. The article highlights the preconditions and peculi- arities of the birth of the Ukrainian public movement of Bukovina in the 60s of the 19th century. The research methodology is based on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, gen- eralization), as well as special-historical (synchronous, compara- tive-historical and historical-genetic) methods. Scientific novelty. This article is the first comprehensive study of the origin of the Ukrainian public movement in Bukovina in the 60s of the 19th century in Ukrainian historical science. Conclusions. The reasons for the backwardness of the Bukovinian Ukrainians in terms of creating of the national movement organizational centers, from Galicia and the Dnieper Ukraine, were: the lack of strong ties with other Ukrainian lands, where the revival had begun earlier; the conducting of assimilation policy by Romanian circles; the nega- tive attitude of the Austrian authorities to the manifestations of national life; the lack of religious separation of the majority of the Ukrainian population from the Romanian one; the low national consciousness of Bukovinian Ukrainians. The author also identi- fied the preconditions of the emergence of the Ukrainian public movement in Bukovina, namely: the providing a legal basis for the functioning of public organizations through the legislation liberali- zation in the Austro-Hungarian Empire; intensification of national life in Galicia; the dissemination of national ideas and literature from the Dnieper Ukraine; the appearance of prominent cultural figures in Bukovina; the reaction of the Ukrainians of the region on the Romanians national revival and their struggle for the separation of Bukovina from Galicia in 1860-1861; the religious struggle between the Romanians and the Ukrainians; the rise of various societies and organizations in the region; the readiness of Ukraini- an local intelligentsia to create their own center in the late 60s of the 19th century. more...

The Polish communities from Bukovina have been studied in the last period through several research projects, initiated by both Polish and Romanian researchers. One of them is the Audiovisual Linguistic Atlas of Bukovina (ALAB), which aims to realize a radiography in multimedia format of the ethnolinguistic diversity of Bukovina. Regarding the Polish ethnic minority, in 2016 two field studies have been carried out in two localities: Bulai and Poiana Micului. Following the analysis of the material thus ob-tained, we managed to capture some characteristics both at the linguistic and the sociolinguistic level that individualize the two communities. Thus, from a linguistic point of view, the two dialects are different both at phonetic and lexical level, the Bulai dialect being more similar to the Polish literary lan-guage. At the sociolinguistic level has been observed the presence of a strong epilinguistic component in the Polish people speech, based on the representations and the attitudes that the Polish ethnic groupshave regarding the status and the vitality of their own dialects. more...

The pre-war political and social atmosphere, the subsequent regulations imposed by authorities, interests or circumstances, the international context, and the moral principles motivated – together or in part – some of the decisions and actions against the Jews of Bukovina. The authors of this article raise a few questions: When and in what context did the violence occur? Where did the violence happen? Why did people do that? The organization of information in order to obtain the answers contributes to highlighting the responsibility of the actors of the time, other than the army: civilian authorities, the population of towns and villages in Bukovina. Usually, attacks, robberies and murders are most often cited in historical analysis. They were the result of instigations and challenges, some organized at the state level, some manifesting themselves as "improvisations" of the locals. Moreover, the “social field” of violence was systematically prepared in the interwar period, the ideology of right-wing radicalism and anti-Semitism entering the Romanian society, amid economic difficulties. In addition, the fear of being punished by the military authorities (who coordinated the arrest, deportation and guarding of Jews) is a basic explanation to justify avoiding mutual contact between the Jews and non-Jews. As for non-Jews civilian's solidarity, charity and support, they are less analysed in the historiography of the problem. That is why their knowledge becomes extremely important, as long as these examples illustrating not only the acts of resistance against government actions but also the human decency and absolute, uncompromising respect for the values of humanity. more...

The study reveals the importance of the illustrated biweekly magazine “Dnieper Waves” (1910-1913) for the national revival of Ukraine, at the beginning of the 20th century. The pages of the magazine hosted materials related to the complex history of Bukovina, the socio-economic, political and cultural evolution of the province. The authors of this study analyze aspects of identity, the education and prints regarding the Bukovinian Ukrainians, civic, professional, scientific or cultural societies. Moments from the evolution of the school system, the electoral campaigns, the involvement of young people in public life, the activities of the leading figures of the province are also presented. The articles published in the biweekly "Dnieper Waves" reflect the relations between the Ukrainians of Dnieper Ukraine (part of the Russian Empire) and the Ukrainians in Galicia and Bukovina (countries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The authors point out that the periodical "Dnieper Waves", although published in the city of Ekaterinoslav of Dnieper Ukraine, placed the illustration of everyday life in Bukovina at the center of its editorial policy. more...

The article deals with the military and political aspects of the accession of part of Eastern Galicia to Romania in 1919. The diplomatic and military plans of Romania, Poland, and the Entente for the capture of south-eastern Galicia are described; the course of the offensive Operation Pokutia led by the Romanian troops at the end of May 1919 shows the causes of the defeat of the Ukrainian armed forces; the peculiarities of the establishment of Romanian power in the region are revealed, and the uneasy relations between the Romanian and Polish military administrations concerning the seized lands were traced in June – August 1919. more...

Today Vatra Dornei is a tourist resort of national interest with infrastructure for active tourism and spa-climate tourism called, in this sense, "Pearl of Bucovina", but how did this town develop In 1775, following negotiations between Austria, Russia and Turkey, the northern part of Moldavia, later known as Bukovina, became part of the Habsburg Empire. The heart of the Dorna Village at that time was part of the district (Bezirk in German) Câmpulung. In 1789 the doctor and naturalist Ricard Haquet of Nuremberg made chemical analyses of the mineral waters in the springs in Vatra Dorna. The data obtained and the observations of the research were published in work Neueste physikalischpolitische Reise in den Jahren 1768 und 1789, durch die Dacischen und Sarmatischen oder Nördlichen Karpathen (The Most Recent Physical-Political Journey in the Years 1768 and 1789, among the Dacians and Sarmatians or in the Northern Carpathians). The healing qualities of the mineral springs in this area increase the interest in Vatra Dorna, and more and more people come for cures with local mineral waters. At the end of the nineteenth century, a European-level balneo-spa resort development project was implemented in this locality. The richness of mineral waters and the healing mud of the peat bring the locality the title of balneo-spa resort recognized in the Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this research, I am showing how the romanian authorities treated the Jewish communities in Southern Bukovina, especially that from câmpulung Moldovenesc, in the years 1940-1941. The main sources that underline this endeavor are the documents of the câmpulung Prefecture, currently held by the Suceava branch of the national archives. Those archives are incomplete, documents are missing that highlighted the correspondence exchanged between the Ministry of the interior and the câmpulung Prefecture, as well as a great many directives of the Police, the Gendarmerie, and, implicitly, the institution of the Prefect. Thus, historical truth is being recovered only partially. The gaps left behind by the disappearance of documents from the archives can be filled, to a certain extent, by the diaries, memoirs, and testimonies of the Holocaust survivors from the former câmpulung county of Southern Bukovina. Hence, i am showing how the Prefecture was the main institution responsible for the marginalization of the Jews from towns, by evacuating them to outside neighborhoods initially and preparing for the great deportations to Transnistria, that took place during the fall of 1941. i am showing that the Prefecture was the institution responsible also for the Jews' dispossessions of mobile and immobile goods, that were afterwards put at the disposal of other ethnics, being either sold or rented. This whole process of the Jews' deportation was put up and worked out entirely by the romanian authorities, without any help from the Germans or any other outer support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study focuses on presenting the specific Central European region of Bukovina, in its day the last crown land of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which today is divided between Ukraine and Romania. A specific national-cultural situation formed in its capital of Chernivtsi at the beginning of the twentieth century: the Jewish minority, using standard German as its language of communication and sensing the approach of its annihilation, clung to literary creativity, consisting primarily in intensive poetry writing. After the Second World War, the literary work of these authors was published in the diaspora. In addition to the name of Rose Ausländer, the poet Paul Celan especially gained renown, and it was from his late work, written towards the end of his life, that the Israeli poet Ilana Shmueli, originally from Chernivtsi, took inspiration. The work of both these authors is directed towards hermeticism and cipher, but this is in no way detrimental to the intensity of the poetic communication of the tragedy of the Shoah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article concerns itself with the evolution of the perception of the affiliaton with the „old country“ among the Bukovina Slovaks before 1947, and namely with the retrospective construction of the myth of the preservation of identity in abroad post reemigration to Slovakia in 1947. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The popular culture of the hutsuls from Bukovina proves the integration in the ethnofolkloric dynamism that currently exists within the minority ethnic groups in the Bukovina area. As society evolves, values acquire a different meaning, and so it is inevitable that bad taste will not appear in the culture. Known as kitsch, illusory art does not avoid the hutsuls either, although this group seems to live in isolation, more than any other rural community, due to its scattered settlements on the mountains since ancient times. The popular culture of the hutsuls, like that of other minorities in Bukovina, does not escape the auspices of kitsch, both because of its incorporation into the world of multiculturalism and because of the lack of a lasting aesthetic education. In the hutsul minority, kitsch becomes a paradox, as it represents at the same time both a degradation of art and a proof of the continuity of tradition, which metamorphoses under certain aspects of contemporary art. Contemporary art is a denial of previous values, so we will see if kitsch in the culture of the hutsul is the expression of bad taste or simply exists as an expression of contemporary culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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After several failed attempts to remain in Austrian academia, the Bohemian gynaecologist Ludwig Kleinwächter (1839–1906) moved to Bukovina and opened a private practice in the capital Czernowitz in 1884. In the easternmost province of the Austrian Empire he quickly established himself as a specialist. In applying a praxeological perspective, this paper aims not only to determine the reasons for his immediate success, but also to identify why he attracted an almost exclusively Jewish clientele. Drawing on his published case histories and archival sources, the paper investigates Kleinwächter's role in the small Bukovinian obstetrical market in the late nineteenth century. By focusing on birth-related emergency calls and domiciliary visits across and beyond Bukovina, it will explore the availability of obstetric provision in this peripheral region of the Austrian Empire. The case study thereby contributes a novel perspective to the social and medical history of this Eastern European region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In recent years there has been given increased attention to the health-promoting dietary recommendations as regards the use of wild berries in human nutrition. This study analyzes the differences in the consumption of wild berries in the Bukovina area (in the northern part of Romania). Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L), rosehip (Rosa Canina L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) are the plants harvested from spontaneous flora, with diverse uses, such as preparation of juices, tinctures and decoctions or tea beverages due to their medicinal and nutritional potential. Wild berries are also processed for production of beverages, jams, as functional food products, and, to some extent, they are consumed fresh as well. The consumers’ preferences were established by the analysis of questionnaires of 101 respondents interviewed concerning different botanicals used in a particular geographical and cultural context. The results show that the selections of wild berries containing many biochemical compounds are mostly used as teas or decoctions due to their nutritional role and health benefits. The preference for sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) was strongly associated with its dietary benefits for the immune system. The consumption of wild berries is considered important by the Romanians living in Bukovina in fresh form, as beverages or in the dried form. more...

The article is dedicated to the presentation of Polish historical, ethnological, linguistic and sociological, generally interdisciplinary scientific research of the Bukovina region, separated from Moldova after 1774. For political reasons, these studies could start as fully professional, after the fall of communism, when obstacles to accessing Romanian and Ukrainian archives and travelling from Poland to both sides of Bukovina disappeared. The article describes the reasons for Poles’ interest in Bukovina, which results from the multiculturalism of the region and the phenomenon of tolerance. The starting point for the research was the Polish minority in Bukovina, which migrated to this region like other ethnic groups after 1774. Currently, the topics best approached by Poles are referring to the dialect of Poles in Bukovina, the culture and identity of the Polish Highlanders in Romanian Bukovina and re-migration from Bukovina in Poland, migration and political history of Poles in Bukovina. An important role in the research of Bukovina by Poles is also played by the folklore festivals in Jastrowie, Poland and the “Polish Culture Days” in Suceava, Romania. Unfortunately, there is little professional Polish research on problems not related to the Polish minority. more...

The article deals with local self-government in Chernivtsi. At the time of joining Austria, Chernivtsi was a small settlement, the centre of the region. The decisive role in the fate of the city was played by the Austrian administration, which made the city the capital of Bukovina. This contributed to the rapid development of the city. In 1786, Chernivtsi was granted the first Charter governing the city administration. An important step in the development of local self-government took place in 1832 when Chernivtsi received the Magdeburg rights. However, the city government remained still limited in its powers. The status of Chernivtsi has significantly increased after the separation of Bukovina from Galicia. The city received a separate Charter in 1864, which substantially expanded the community’s self-governing rights. The disadvantage of such status was the restriction imposed on the general population to participate in the elections for the city’s local administration. Chernivtsi developed as a multinational city. The Jewish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian and Polish communities were the largest ones. Following the general processes of democratization in the empire and in Bukovina, in particular, that took place in the early 20th century, the matter of updating the status of Chernivtsi arose. The Bukovina Diet adopted a draft project in 1912 according to which all voters were divided into national curiae. However, it was not authorized by the emperor before the outbreak of World War I. more...