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Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) measures total gastric retention after a solid meal and can assess intragastric meal distribution (IMD). Water load satiety test (WLST) measures gastric capacity. Both IMD immediately after meal ingestion [ratio of proximal gastric counts after meal ingestion to total gastric counts at time 0 (IMD0)] and WLST (volume of water ingested over 5 min) are indirect measures of gastric accommodation. In this study, IMD0 and WLST were compared with each other and to symptoms of gastroparesis to gauge their clinical utility for assessing patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. Patients with symptoms of gastroparesis underwent GES to obtain gastric retention and IMD0, WLST, and filled out patient assessment of upper GI symptoms. A total of 234 patients with symptoms of gastroparesis were assessed (86 patients with diabetes, 130 idiopathic, 18 postfundoplication) and 175 (75%) delayed gastric emptying. Low IMD0 <0.568 suggesting initial rapid transit to the distal stomach was present in 8% and correlated with lower gastric retention, less heartburn, and lower volumes consumed during WLST. Low WLST volume (<238 mL) was present in 20% and associated with increased severity of early satiety, postprandial fullness, loss of appetite, and nausea. Low IMD0 is associated with less gastric retention and less heartburn. Volume of water consumed during WLST, while associated with IMD0, has associations with early satiety, postprandial fullness, loss of appetite, and nausea. Thus, IMD0 and WLST appear to overlap somewhat in their assessment of gastric physiology in adults with symptoms of gastroparesis but relate to different dyspeptic symptoms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY IMD0 and WLST were assessed for their clinical utility in assessing patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. Low IMD0 is associated with less gastric retention and less heartburn. Volume of water consumed during WLST, while associated with IMD0, has associations with early satiety, postprandial fullness, loss of appetite, and nausea. IMD0 and WLST appear to overlap somewhat in their assessment of gastric physiology in adults with symptoms of gastroparesis but relate to different dyspeptic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Patients with gastroparesis and related disorders have symptoms including early satiety, postprandial fullness and bloating. Buspirone, a 5‐HT1 receptor agonist, may improve fundic accommodation. Aim: To determine if buspirone treatment improves early satiety and postprandial fullness in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. Methods: This 4‐week multi‐centre clinical trial randomised patients with symptoms of gastroparesis and moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of fullness (Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index [GCSI] early satiety/postprandial fullness subscore [ES/PPF]) to buspirone (10 mg orally) or placebo three times per day. The primary outcome was a change in the ES/PPF from baseline to 4 weeks. The primary analysis was per protocol intention‐to‐treat ANCOVA of between‐group baseline vs. 4‐week differences (DoD) in ES/PPF adjusted for baseline ES/PPF. Results are reported using both nominal and Bonferroni (BF) p values. Results and conclusions: Ninety‐six patients (47 buspirone, 49 placeboes; 92% female, 50% delayed gastric emptying, 39% diabetic) were enrolled. There was no between‐groups difference in the 4‐week ES/PPF primary outcome: −1.16 ± 1.25 (SD) on buspirone vs −1.03 ± 1.29 (SD) on placebo (mean DoD: −0.11 [95% CI: −0.68, 0.45]; p = 0.69). Buspirone performed better than placebo in patients with severe‐to‐very severe bloating at baseline compared to patients with none to moderate: (ES/PPF DoD = −0.65 vs. 1.58, pTX*GROUP = 0.003; pBF = 0.07). Among individual GCSI symptoms, only bloating appeared to improve with buspirone vs. placebo. Conclusions: Patients with moderate‐to‐severe early satiety/postprandial fullness and other symptoms of gastroparesis did not benefit from buspirone treatment to improve the ES/PPF primary outcome compared with placebo. There was a suggestion of the benefit of buspirone in patients with more severe bloating. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0358714285. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with gastroparesis (Gp) may need enteral nutrition (EN) or exclusive parenteral nutrition (PN). Among patients with Gp, we aimed to (1) identify the frequency of EN and exclusive PN use and (2) explore characteristics of patients using EN and/or exclusive PN compared with those using oral nutrition (ON), including changes over 48 weeks. Methods: Patients with Gp underwent history and physical examination, gastric emptying scintigraphy, water load satiety testing (WLST), and questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (QOL). Patients were observed 48 weeks. Results: Of 971 patients with Gp (idiopathic, 579; diabetic, 336; post–Nissen fundoplication, 51), 939 (96.7%) were using ON only, 14 (1.4%) using exclusive PN, and 18 (1.9%) using EN. Compared with patients receiving ON, patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN were younger, had lower body mass index, and had greater symptom severity. Patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN had lower physical QOL but not mental QOL or Gp‐related QOL scores. Patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN ingested less water during WLST but did not have worse gastric emptying. Of those who had been receiving exclusive PN and/or EN, 50% and 25%, respectively, resumed ON at 48‐week follow‐up. Conclusions: This study describes patients with Gp requiring exclusive PN and/or EN for nutrition support, who represent a small (3.3%) but important subset of patients with Gp. Unique clinical and physiological parameters are associated with this subset and provide insight into the use of nutrition support in Gp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients often are evaluated for gastroparesis because of symptoms occurring with meals. Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is used for gastroparesis diagnosis, although results are not well correlated with gastroparesis symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess relationships between gastroparesis symptoms, gastric emptying (GE), and gastric accommodation (GA). Patients with symptoms of gastroparesis completed the Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms (PAGI-SYM) and recorded symptoms during GES and water load satiety test (WLST), an indirect assessment for GA. A total of 109 patients with gastroparesis symptoms were assessed. Symptom severity increased after GES meal for stomach fullness, belching, nausea, abdominal burning, and abdominal pain. There was no difference in symptoms after meal between patients with delayed ( n = 66) and normal ( n = 42) GE. Diabetic patients ( n = 26) had greater gastric retention than idiopathic patients ( n = 78), but idiopathic patients had greater postprandial nausea, stomach fullness, and abdominal pain. Water consumed during WLST averaged 421 ± 245 mL. Idiopathic patients had greater nausea scores during WLST than diabetic patients. In comparison to those with normal water consumption (≥238 mL; n = 80), patients with impaired water ingestion (<238 mL; n = 26) had increased stomach fullness, early satiety, postprandial fullness, and loss of appetite on PAGI-SYM. Patients with delayed and normal GE had similar symptom profiles during GES and WLST. Idiopathic patients had less gastric retention but more symptoms after GES meal and after WLST compared with diabetic patients. Patients with impaired water consumption during WLST had increased symptoms by PAGI-SYM. These data suggest that impaired GA, rather than GE, may be important in explaining postprandial symptoms in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with delayed and normal gastric emptying (GE) had similar symptom profiles during gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES). Idiopathic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis had less gastric retention by GES; but more symptoms after GES meal and after water load satiety test (WLST) compared with diabetic patients. In patients with symptoms of gastroparesis, symptoms after WLST increased with decreasing water consumption. Early satiety and loss of appetite were associated with decreased water consumption during WLST. Thus, impaired accommodation and perhaps visceral hypersensitivity are important in explaining postprandial symptoms in gastroparesis.

Esophageal strictures are a common problem causing significant morbidity for affected patients. Most can be treated safely and successfully with esophageal dilation. We have treated two patients with post-radiation esophageal strictures so tight that standard dilation technique failed even with an aggressive approach. We utilized a technique for operative dilation of these strictures using both antegrade and retrograde endoscopes. This approach for refractory esophageal strictures has only twice been previously reported. In both patients, a gastrostomy was placed and an endoscope was subsequently passed from the stomach retrograde up to the level of the stricture. Another endoscope was passed from above down to the proximal portion of the stricture. Illuminating the stricture, using fluoroscopy, carefully passing a wire, and grasping and pulling the wire with forceps from the opposite endoscope allowed for safe passage through the stricture. Savary dilators were utilized to effectively dilate the strictures. A method for protection of the lumen for subsequent dilations by passing a small catheter through the stricture was also developed. This technique offers an option for patients with otherwise untreatable strictures, with the major advantage of visualization from above and below.