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Coniocarpon rubrocinctum (G. Merr. ex Grube & Lendemer) Perlmutter, R. Miranda & Bungartz comb. nov. (Fig 1) MycoBank No. MB 847702 Basionym: — Arthonia rubrocincta G. Merr. ex Grube & Lendemer (2009: 9). Type: — UNITED STATES. Florida: Collier County, Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, vicinity of Ranger Station, disturbed roadside vegetation and shaded swampy hardwood forest, on petioles of Sabal palmetto, 4 March 2009, J.C. Lendemer 15506 (holotype NY 01133735, n.v.; isotypes distributed as Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati #351, DUKE!). Description: — Life form lichenized fungus. Thallus endoperidermal to epiperidermal, thin, effuse; surface whitish or greenish gray, in older specimens pale tan, smooth, occasionally with reddish or orange pigment crystals and areas of pinkish staining; prothallus brown, often as contact lines. Photobiont trentepohlioid alga, endoperidermal; cells (7.8–) 11.7 (–18.2) × (5.2–) 8.3 (–15.6) µm (n = 39), in short branched chains. Ascomata dispersed, sessile, elongate to furcate, lirellate with ±straight branches and acute tips, (0.4–) 1.0 (–1.6) × (0.2–) 0.3 (–0.5) mm (n = 60); disk flat, brown, often covered with whitish pruina; margin thick, coated with red or orange pruina. In section ascoma (104–) 139 (–208) µm high (n = 6). Excipuloid layer lateral, (26–) 56 (–130) µm (n = 12) wide, dark brownish and infused with reddish pigment crystals. Epithecium (13–) 21 (–26) µm (n = 8) thick, brownish; hymenium hyaline, yellowish in thick sections, (52–) 64 (–91) µm high (n = 10); hypothecium pale brownish, (22–) 42 (–104) µm thick (n = 8). Asci abundant, clavate, (39.0–) 53.3 (–78.0) × (10.5–) 17.0 (–34.0) µm (n = 60), 8-spored, stipe short or indistinct, tholus (4.0–) 8.5 (–15.0) µm thick (n = 10); ascospores narrowly obovate, hyaline, smooth, faintly verrucose and appearing grayish and granular when postmature, macrocephalic, (4–)5-celled, (15.5–) 22.0 (–26.0) × (4.0–) 5.5 (–8.0) µm (n = 60). Pycnidia frequent, ±globose, partly immersed, (52–) 80 (–140) µm in diameter (n = 9), wall brown; conidia bacilliform, mostly straight, hyaline, (4–) 6.4 (–9) × ~1 µm (n = 10). Chemistry: —Thallus UV–, K–, C–, KC–, PD+ golden yellow (psoromic acid); excipular pigment K+ magenta then fading; epithecium pigment dissolving in K. AMYLOIDITY: epithecium I+ blue, K/I+ dark blue; hymenium I+ blue or turning red, K/I+ dark blue or green in high concentrations; ascus protoplasm I–, K/I+ yellow-orange; ascus wall I–, K/I–. A hemiamyloid ring in the tholus of the asci not seen. Substrate, ecology and distribution: —Found on woody palm frond bases in coastal, subtropical environments in southeastern North America (Florida to North Carolina) and the Caribbean (Bahamas). Additional specimens examined: — BAHAMAS. Cat Island. On leaf stem of thatch palm [Coccothrinax argentata], 9 July 1903, Anonymous s.n. (NCU). UNITED STATES. Florida: Collier County, off James Scenic Drive 6.5 mi NNW of Ranger Station at Gate 12 along Tram Rd, 26°0.69’N, 81°24.35’W, on palmetto leaf sheath, 02 March 2009, M.P. Nelsen 4010 (F); Orange County, Sanford, on palmetto shafts, May 1908, S. Rapp 31 (FH); North Carolina: Brunswick County, Bald Head Island State Natural Area, behind East Beach in dune swale on palmetto frond base, 20 December 2022, G.B. Perlmutter 4307 (NCU); South Carolina: Horry County, North Myrtle Beach, Hilton Hotel, behind strand on base of palmetto frond, 18 October 2010, G.B. Perlmutter 182-a (NCU)., Published as part of Perlmutter, Gary B., Miranda-González, Ricardo & Bungartz, Frank, 2023, Placement of Arthonia rubrocincta in Coniocarpon (lichenized Ascomycota: Arthoniaceae), with an extended range for the species in southeastern North America and the Caribbean, pp. 278-282 in Phytotaxa 589 (3) on pages 279-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7777004, {"references":["Grube, M. & Lendemer, J. C. (2009) Arthonia rubrocincta: belated validation of a name for a common species endemic to Sabal palmetto in the southeastern United States. Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 7 - 12."]}

Lepraria lendemeri Bungartz, Elix, Hillmann & Kalb sp. nov. MycoBank no. 804377 Diagnosis: Similar to Lepraria methylbarbatica but differs in containing zeorin and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone and in growing on bark. Holotype:— ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: Floreana Island, caldera of Cerro Pajas, trail at the end of road leading up to crater rim, 1˚17'47" S, 90˚27'23.19" W, on branch of Zanthoxylum fagara, 02-Jan-2010, Hillmann, G. GAL-10 (CDS 44773). (Figs. 5e–f) Thallus corticolous; placodioid leprose, i.e., developing upon a common, shared hypothallus, delimited by a byssoid arachnoid, 'cottony'prothallus forming an irregular margin, not lobed or 'crisped' (finkii - type sensu Lendemer 2011a); surface greenish gray to bluish green, in the herbarium fading to a pale yellowish green; hypothallus moderately to well developed, loose, 'fluffy', 'cottony'; rhizohyphae sparse or absent; granules ecorticate, ill-defined, farinose [(25–)40–60(–70) µm in diam., rather fine and relatively uniform in size], generally loosely packed, typically with some protruding hyphae; photobiont green, coccoid, 6–12 µm in diam. Spot tests and chemistry: P−, K± sordid yellow, KC−, C−; UV+ deeply ochraceous; zeorin, methyl barbatate, 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone, unknown terpenes (possibly from the bark substrate). Etymology: This species is named in honor of the American lichenologist James Lendemer, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the genus Lepraria. Distribution and ecology: This new species in known only from the Galapagos where it occurs on both native and introduced trees in the agricultural areas of the humid zone on the inhabited islands, Santa Cruz and Floreana. Notes: Chemically and morphologically this new species resembles the Australian Lepraria methylbarbatica Elix (in Elix & Kalb 2008: 31) and the North American endemic L. barbatica Lendemer (2010a: 273). Lepraria barbatica contains barbatic acid, a substance chemically related to methyl barbatate present in both L. lendemeri and L. methylbarbatica. However, L. barbatica contains usnic acid in addition to barbatic acid, so it is chemically distinct from both L. lendemeri and L. methylbarbatica. Lepraria lendemeri, like L methylbarbatica contains methyl barbatate as its major metabolite, but the Australian species is invariably saxicolous and lacks both zeorin and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone. Instead, L. methylbarbatica contains minor or trace quantities of barbatic acid and methyl 2'- O -methylbarbatate, substances not observed in L. lendemeri. Methyl barbatate, the characteristic metabolite of these species may previously have been overlooked or even mistaken for the very common lichen substance atranorin. It exhibits an R f somewhat higher than atranorin: in solvent C at R f 86, in solvent A only slightly above atranorin, at R f 77. It forms a dull, barely visible spot in long wave UV-light (λ 365 nm) and appears as distinct dark spot in short wave UV-light (λ 254 nm) before charring. After H 2 SO 4 and heat ('charring') the spot becomes pale grey, or, depending on concentration, may be even pale to deep yellow, then usually with a pale gray halo. In long wave UV-light (λ 365 nm) after charring this spot appears gray to almost bluish or, again depending on concentration, purplish gray with a bright green halo. Specimens examined (paratypes). ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: Santa Cruz Island, Bellavista, near parking place for trail to Media Luna, 0˚40'10" S, 90˚19'22" W, 400 m alt., on Cinchona, 27-May-2005, Aptroot, A. 63130 (CDS 29860); tras del Puntudo, ex finca de Don Benito, 0˚38'27.10" S, 90˚19'59.39" W, 732 m alt., on Cordia alliodora, 07-Jul-2006, Nugra, F. 47 (CDS 32700)., Published as part of Bungartz, Frank, Hillmann, Georg, Kalb, Klaus & Elix, John A., 2013, Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae), pp. 1-28 in Phytotaxa 150 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5100473, {"references":["Lendemer, J. C. (2011 a) A standardized morphological terminology and descriptive scheme for Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae). Lichenologist 43 (5): 379 - 399. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282911000326","Elix, J. A. & Kalb, K. (2008) Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia. Australasian Lichenology 63: 30 - 36.","Lendemer, J. C. (2010 a) Notes on Lepraria s. l. (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) in North America: New species, new reports, and preliminary keys. Brittonia 62: 267 - 292."]}