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1. TRY plant trait database enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G.D.A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A.T.R., Adamidis, G.C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C.H., Alcántara, J.M., Alcázar, C, C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M.M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D.M.G., Ashman, T.-L., Asmara, D.H., Asner, G.P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup-Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W.J., Bakker, J.P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D.R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo-Lattke, M.L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann, Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A.D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra-González, K.T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Böhning-Gaese, K., Boisvert-Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C.C.F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E.H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M.R., Broadley, M.R., Brown, K.A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H.H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S.W., Bucher, S.F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D.E., Bürger, J., Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, D.F.R.P., Butterfield, B.J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M.C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J.J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos Prieto, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J.A., Cavender-Bares, J., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cervellini, M., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F.S., Chelli, S., Chen, S.-C., Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K.-S., Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C.G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Cornwell, W.K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., and da, Silva, A.C

Abstract

Plant traits the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits almost complete coverage for plant growth form . However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives. © 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Published
2020

2. Towards a thesaurus of plant characteristics: an ecological contribution

Author

Garnier, E., Stahl, Ulrike, Laporte, M.-A., Kattge, J., Mougenot, I., Kühn, Ingolf, Laporte, B., Amiaud, B., Ahrestani, F.S., Bönisch, G., Bunker, D.E., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Gachet, S., Jaureguiberry, P., Kleyer, M., Lavorel, S., Maicher, L., Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Poorter, H., Schildhauer, M., Shipley, B., Violle, C., Weiher, E., Wirth, C., Wright, I.J., Klotz, Stefan, Garnier, E., Stahl, Ulrike, Laporte, M.-A., Kattge, J., Mougenot, I., Kühn, Ingolf, Laporte, B., Amiaud, B., Ahrestani, F.S., Bönisch, G., Bunker, D.E., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Gachet, S., Jaureguiberry, P., Kleyer, M., Lavorel, S., Maicher, L., Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Poorter, H., Schildhauer, M., Shipley, B., Violle, C., Weiher, E., Wirth, C., Wright, I.J., and Klotz, Stefan

Abstract

Ecological research produces a tremendous amount of data, but the diversity in scales and topics covered and the ways in which studies are carried out result in large numbers of small, idiosyncratic data sets using heterogeneous terminologies. Such heterogeneity can be attributed, in part, to a lack of standards for acquiring, organizing and describing data. Here, we propose a terminological resource, a Thesaurus Of Plant characteristics (TOP), whose aim is to harmonize and formalize concepts for plant characteristics widely used in ecology.TOP concentrates on two types of plant characteristics: traits and environmental associations. It builds on previous initiatives for several aspects: (i) characteristics are designed following the entity-quality (EQ) model (a characteristic is modelled as the ‘Quality’ of an ‘Entity’ ) used in the context of Open Biological Ontologies; (ii) whenever possible, the Entities and Qualities are taken from existing terminology standards, mainly the Plant Ontology (PO) and Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO) ontologies; and (iii) whenever a characteristic already has a definition, if appropriate, it is reused and referenced. The development of TOP, which complies with semantic web principles, was carried out through the involvement of experts from both the ecology and the semantics research communities. Regular updates of TOP are planned, based on community feedback and involvement.TOP provides names, definitions, units, synonyms and related terms for about 850 plant characteristics. TOP is available online (www.top-thesaurus.org), and can be browsed using an alphabetical list of characteristics, a hierarchical tree of characteristics, a faceted and a free-text search, and through an Application Programming Interface.Synthesis. Harmonizing definitions of concepts, as proposed by TOP, forms the basis for better integration of data across heterogeneous data sets and terminologies, thereby increasing the p

Published
2016

3. TRY - a global database of plant traits

Author

Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentices, I.C., Leadley, P., Bönisch, G., Garnier, E., Westobys, M., Reich, P.B., Wrights, I.J., Cornelissen, C., Violle, C., Harisson, S.P., van Bodegom, P.M., Reichstein, M., Enquist, B.J., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Ackerly, D.D., Anand, M., Atkin, O., Bahn, M., Baker, T.R., Baldochi, D., Bekker, R., Blanco, C.C., Blonders, B., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R., Bunker, D.E., Casanoves, F., Cavender-Bares, J., Chambers, J.Q., Chapin III, F.S., Chave, J., Coomes, D., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J.M., Dobrin, B.H., Duarte, L., Durka, W., Elser, J., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Fagan, W.F., Fang, J., Fernadez-Mendez, F., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Flores, O., Ford, H., Frank, D., Freschet, T., Fyllas, N.M., Gallagher, R.V., Green, W.A., Gutierrez, A.G., Hickler, T., Higgins, S.I., Hodgson, J.G., Jalili, A., Jansen, S., Joly, C.A., Kerkhoff, A.J., Kirkup, D., Kitajima, K., Kleyer, M., Klotz, S., Knops, J.M.H., Kramer, K., Kühn, I., Kurokawa, H., Laughlin, D., Lee, T.D., Leishman, M., Lens, F., Lewis, S.L., Lloyd, J., Llusia, J., Louault, F., Ma, S., Mahecha, M.D., Manning, P., Massad, T., Medlyn, B.E., Messier, J., Moles, A.T., Müller, S.C., Nadrowski, K., Naeem, S., Niinemets, Ü., Nöllert, S., Nüske, A., Ogaya, R., Oleksyn, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Onoda, Y., Ordonez Barragan, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., and Poorter, L.

Subjects
litter decomposition rates, hawaiian metrosideros-polymorpha, leaf economics spectrum, relative growth-rate, PE&RC, Law Group, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Centrum Ecosystemen, tropical rain-forest, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, CE - Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Recht, terrestrial biosphere, wide-range, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, sub-arctic flora, Wageningen Environmental Research, functional traits, old-field succession
Abstract

Plant traits – the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants and their organs – determine how primary producers respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem processes and services and provide a link from species richness to ecosystem functional diversity. Trait data thus represent the raw material for a wide range of research from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology to biogeography. Here we present the global database initiative named TRY, which has united a wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world's 300 000 plant species, with a focus on 52 groups of traits characterizing the vegetative and regeneration stages of the plant life cycle, including growth, dispersal, establishment and persistence. A first data analysis shows that most plant traits are approximately log-normally distributed, with widely differing ranges of variation across traits. Most trait variation is between species (interspecific), but significant intraspecific variation is also documented, up to 40% of the overall variation. Plant functional types (PFTs), as commonly used in vegetation models, capture a substantial fraction of the observed variation – but for several traits most variation occurs within PFTs, up to 75% of the overall variation. In the context of vegetation models these traits would better be represented by state variables rather than fixed parameter values. The improved availability of plant trait data in the unified global database is expected to support a paradigm shift from species to trait-based ecology, offer new opportunities for synthetic plant trait research and enable a more realistic and empirically grounded representation of terrestrial vegetation in Earth system models.

Published
2011

4. Restoring biodiversity and ecosystem function: will an integrated approach improve results?

Author

Naeem, S., Bunker, D.E., Hector, A., Loreau, M., Perrings, C., Wright, Justin, Symstad, Amy, Bullock, James M., Engelhardt, Katharina, Jackson, Louise, Bernhardt, Emily, Naeem, S., Bunker, D.E., Hector, A., Loreau, M., Perrings, C., Wright, Justin, Symstad, Amy, Bullock, James M., Engelhardt, Katharina, Jackson, Louise, and Bernhardt, Emily

Published
2009

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