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The advantages, disadvantages, as well as helpful hints on when to use several drug therapies against attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are discussed. The drugs discussed are methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine, and bupropion.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.004 Byline: Robert A. Schnoll (a), Leonard Epstein (b), Janet Audrain (a), Raymond Niaura (c), Larry Hawk (d), Peter G. Shields (e), Caryn Lerman (a), E. Paul Wileyto (a) Keywords: Study blind; Bupropion; Smoking cessation; Mediators; Blind bias Abstract: In a placebo-controlled bupropion smoking cessation trial, we examined blind integrity, the link between blind integrity and quit rates, and whether side effects and changes in nicotine withdrawal symptoms or mood were mechanisms through which blind integrity is threatened. At a 12-month follow-up, 498 participants indicated whether they thought they received bupropion, placebo, or were not sure. Potential mediators of treatment effects on treatment arm guess (i.e., side effects, withdrawal, and mood) were measured during treatment, and 7-day point prevalence cessation was assessed at the end of treatment (EOT) and at 6 and 12 months after quit date. Overall, 55% of participants guessed their randomization correctly. Compared to guessing not sure, participants who guessed they were taking bupropion were more than twice as likely to have been randomized to bupropion. Similarly, participants who guessed placebo were twice as likely to have been randomized to placebo. Treatment arm guess was associated with quit rates. Including treatment arm guess with actual treatment arm in models of quit rates significantly reduced the odds ratio for bupropion efficacy at the EOT and at 6 and 12 months after quit date. There was no evidence for mediation. In bupropion smoking cessation trials, blind failure may occur and participant guess about treatment arm assignment is associated with quit rates. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (b) Department of Pediatrics and Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA (c) Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA (d) Department of Psychology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA (e) Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA Article History: Received 9 November 2006; Revised 7 March 2007; Accepted 5 April 2007

In a placebo-controlled bupropion smoking cessation trial, we examined blind integrity, the link between blind integrity and quit rates, and whether side effects and changes in nicotine withdrawal symptoms or mood were mechanisms through which blind integrity is threatened. At a 12-month follow-up, 498 participants indicated whether they thought they received bupropion, placebo, or were not sure. Potential mediators of treatment effects on treatment arm guess (i.e., side effects, withdrawal, and mood) were measured during treatment, and 7-day point prevalence cessation was assessed at the end of treatment (EOT) and at 6 and 12 months after quit date. Overall, 55% of participants guessed their randomization correctly. Compared to guessing not sure, participants who guessed they were taking bupropion were more than twice as likely to have been randomized to bupropion. Similarly, participants who guessed placebo were twice as likely to have been randomized to placebo. Treatment arm guess was associated with quit rates. Including treatment arm guess with actual treatment arm in models of quit rates significantly reduced the odds ratio for bupropion efficacy at the EOT and at 6 and 12 months after quit date. There was no evidence for mediation. In bupropion smoking cessation trials, blind failure may occur and participant guess about treatment arm assignment is associated with quit rates. Keywords: Study blind; Bupropion; Smoking cessation; Mediators; Blind bias

The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial used an equipoise stratified, randomized design to evaluate the relative efficacy and tolerability of various antidepressant treatments for outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder who had a lack of remission or could not tolerate the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram. After unsuccessful treatment with a SSRI, approximately one in four patients had a remission of symptoms after switching to another antidepressant.

This study examined the role of a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) to assess pill-taking behavior and enhance compliance within a randomized trial of bupropion-SR for smoking cessation. Female participants [...]

Byline: Kirti. Vishwakarma, Juhi. Kalra, Ravi. Gupta, Mukesh. Sharma, Taruna. Sharma Background: We aimed to compare the efficacy of fixed doses of bupropion and ropinirole and iron alone for the [...]

ABSTRACT Bupropion is a very popular medication prescribed to millions of patients globally for depression (Wellbutrin[R], GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC) as well as an aid in smoking cessation (Zyban[R], [...]

Byline: Pravin. Kale, Veeranjaneyulu. Addepalli Objective: The existing evidence suggests an association between depression and memory impairment. The objective of present study was to assess the effect of low dose [...]

The efficacy of bupropion in inducing smoking cessation behavior in dopamine receptor genotyped individuals is analyzed.

The efficacy of adding a second medication to an initial, ineffective anti-depressant drug was tested with the augmentation of citalopram with either sustained-release bupropion or buspirone. It was found that augmentation with sustained-release bupropion does have certain advantages including greater reduction in the number and severity of symptoms and fewer side effects and adverse events.

Tobacco dependence is a major cause of premature death and disability worldwide, and people with schizophrenia are three times more likely to smoke than the general population. There is robust [...]