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Marija Gimbutienė paskelbė tris fundamentalias monografijas, kuriose nagrinėjo neolito laikotarpio Europos religiją ir Didžiąją Deivę, kuri, jos nuomone, karaliavo neolito Europos gyventojų sakralinėje erdvėje. Archeologė manė, kad šiuolaikinės Europos civilizacijos ištakos yra ankstyvosiose neolitinėse žemdirbių visuomenėse, kurios egzistavo nuo VII iki III tūkstm. pr. Kr., ir tai ji pavadino terminu "Senoji Europa". M. Gimbutienės manymu, Didžioji Triasmenė deivė yra sietina su "gimimo, auklėjimo, augimo, mirties ir atgimimo" ciklu ir ji atliko dominuojantį ir visa apimantį vaidmenį Senosios Europos religijoje - "deivės religijoje". Kukutenio-Tripolės kultūros tapybinės tradicijos analizė leidžia teigti, kad, be moteriškų personažų, tikriausiai deivių, ypač svarbi buvo Mėnulio simbolika, mėnulio ciklai ir sakraliniai vaizdiniai, susiję su Mėnulio semantiniu lauku. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Marija Gimbutienė, Senoji Europa, "deivės religija", mėnulio simbolika, semantinis Mėnulio laukas. Maria Gimbutas devoted three fundamental monographs to the study of the religion of prehistoric Europe and the Goddess who, in her opinion, reigned in the sacred space of the population of Neolithic Europe. She believed that modern European civilization has its origins in the early agricultural societies of the Neolithic period from the 7th to the 3rd millennia BC, which corresponds to the term "Old Europe". According to the researcher, the Great Triune Goddess, associated with the cycle of "birth, nurturing, growth, death, and regeneration", played a dominant and all-encompassing role in the religion of Old Europe, the "goddess religion". The analysis of the pictorial tradition of the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex allows us to assert that, in addition to female characters, probably goddesses, the symbolism of the Moon, lunar cycles and sacred images related to the semantic field of the Moon were of particular importance during near 2000 years. Keywords: Maria Gimbutas, Old Europe, "goddess religion", symbolism of the Moon, semantic field of the Moon.

The concept of Old Europe defines its boundaries with the proliferation of ancient farming cultures. Itseastern boundary is designated by the districts of Trypillia Сulture, the Eastern part of Cucuteni-Trypillia CulturalUnity, which reached Dnipro valley at the second half of the Vth Millenium BC. At this time, we see severallocal types of Trypillya Culture, each with some differences at material culture (mainly at pottery stylistics),some different features in the economy. Subsequently, this added to the difference in the public organization.These groups were completely autonomous, while there is a tendency for their active interaction, perhaps thesubordination of the less powerful groups by stronger. There were two groups of Trypillia BI-II stagefarmers who came near to Dnipro after 4300-4200 BC; the first one – to Krasna river valley, thesecond – to lower Ros river basin. At thismoment both groups practiced farming and heldlivestock, used large settlements as centers of socialformations.At the same time, new settlers adopted somepottery traditions from Stog Culture.Probably it means that local communitiesincluded some part of Stog population. Marked by complicated pottery assemblages ‘multiculturality” at Dnipro region developed around 600-800 years and led to more cultural differentiation inside the area to North from Ros River. At the same timegroups with painted pottery, located to South from this area remained homogeneous. For nearly a millennium (from 4300 to 3400-3200 BC), we can observe the few different strategies of lifeat the Trypillia Culture Eastern frontiers. From one side here we have some large groups, resistant to externalinfluences, and small groups of population, aimed at the formation of multicultural communities. At the sametime, trade was always an important connecting factor at all times.

High precision geomagnetic plans of Tripolye mega-sites were recorded by a German-Ukrainian project 2011-2013. Here, detailed geophysical plans and their archaeological interpretation are presented. In combination with ethnological information on household sizes the new plans enable the formulation of models on social organization and population sizes of the mega-sites., Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 16 (2014)