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Accurate detection of impacted teeth in panoramic radiographs is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry. Traditional segmentation methods often face challenges in achieving accurate detection due to the anatomical complexity and variability of dental structures. This study aims to address these limitations by performing a comprehensive comparative analysis of four advanced pixel-based segmentation models - U-Net, FPN, PSPNet and LinkNet - integrated with ten different backbone architectures. Using a meticulously annotated dataset of 407 high-resolution panoramic radiographs, the models were rigorously trained and evaluated using robust performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Intersection over Union (IoU). Among the configurations tested, the U-Net model with an EfficientNetB7 backbone achieved the highest performance, with an average IoU score of 85.29%, demonstrating superior accuracy and reliability. The main contributions of this study are the in-depth comparison of state-of-the-art segmentation models, the identification of the most effective architectures tailored for dental radiograph segmentation, and new insights into the advantages of pixel-based approaches over region-based methods commonly used in previous studies. These findings highlight the strengths and limitations of each model, providing practical guidance for researchers and clinicians in selecting appropriate solutions for impacted teeth detection. In addition, the study highlights the potential for future advances through hybrid approaches and customized model designs to further improve detection accuracy and clinical applicability. As a result, this research demonstrates the transformative potential of integrating artificial intelligence into dental diagnostics, paving the way for more accurate, efficient and scalable solutions to improve clinical decision-making.

Early detection and diagnosis of brain tumors have a critical impact on the treatment of brain tumor patients. This is because initiating interventions early directly impacts the patient's chances of continuing their life. In the field of medical research, various methods are employed for the detection of brain tumors. Among these methods, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most popular due to its superior image quality. By leveraging technological advancements, the utilization of deep learning techniques in the identification of brain tumors ensures both high accuracy and simplification of the process. In a conducted study, a new model was developed by utilizing the VGG-19 architecture, a popular convolutional neural network model, to achieve high accuracy in brain tumor detection. In the study, precision, F1 score, accuracy, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and recall metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the developed model. The deep learning model developed for brain tumor detection was trained and evaluated on an open-source dataset consisting of MRI images of gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumors, and healthy brains. The results obtained from the study demonstrate the promising potential of using the developed model in clinical applications for brain tumor detection. The high accuracy achieved by the developed model emphasizes its potential as an auxiliary resource for healthcare professionals in brain tumor detection. This research aims to evaluate the model as a valuable tool that can assist physicians in making informed treatment decisions regarding brain tumor diagnosis.

Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesi yapay zekâ çalışmalarının da hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesine olarak sağlamaktadır. Gelişen yapay zekâ çalışmaları arasında son zamanlarda popülerliği yüksek olan konulardan birisi sanal ortamlarda gerçekçi sahte yüzlerin oluşturulması ve kullanılmasıdır. Yapılan çalışmada içerisinde sahte ve gerçek yüzlerin yer aldığı görüntüler kullanılarak yüzlerin sahte/gerçek olduğunu ayırt etmek için bir dizi çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada iki farklı sınıflandırma modeli (VGG, Xception) ve görüntüler üzerinde üç faklı yöntem (normal görüntü, Fourier dönüşümlü görüntü, Ayrık Kosinüs dönüşümlü görüntü) uygulanarak ayrı ayrı sınıflandırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak araştırmacılara kaynak olarak sunulmuştur.

Automated facial expression recognition has gained much attention in the last years due to growing application areas such as computer animated agents, sociable robots and human computer interaction. The realization of a reliable facial expression recognition system through machine learning is still a challenging task particularly on databases with large number of images. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures have been proposed to deal with large numbers of training data for better accuracy. For CNNs, a task related best achieving architectural structure does not exist. In addition, the representation of the input image is equivalently important as the architectural structure and the training data. Therefore, this study focuses on the performances of various CNN architectures trained by different region of interests of the same input data. Experiments are performed on three distinct CNN architectures with three different crops of the same dataset. Results show that by appropriately localizing the facial region and selecting the correct CNN architecture it is possible to boost the recognition rate from 84% to 98% while decreasing the training time for proposed CNN architectures.

The white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue known as leucocytes are an important part of the immune system to protect the body against foreign invaders and infectious disease. These cells, which do not have color, have a few days or several weeks of life. A lot of clinic experience is required for a doctor to detect the amount of white blood cells in human blood and classify it. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis can be made in the formation of various disease types, including infection on the immune system, such as anemia and leukemia, while evaluating and determining the disease of a patient. The white blood cells can be separated into four subclasses, such as Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, and Neutrophil. This study focuses on the separation of the white blood cell images by the classification process using convolutional neural network models, which is a deep learning model. A deep learning network, which is slow in the training step due to the complex architecture, but fast in the test step, is used for the feature extraction instead of intricate methods. For the subclass separation of white blood cells, the experimental results show that the AlexNet architecture gives the correct recognition rate among the convolutional neural network architectures tested in the study. Various classifiers are performed on the features derived from the AlexNet architecture to evaluate the classification performance. The best performance in the classification of white blood cells is given by the quadratic discriminant analysis classifier with the accuracy of 97.78 %.

To develop effective advanced driving assistance systems, it is important to accurately recognize current driving environments and make critical decisions about driving processes. Preventing accidents through the interaction between the driving assistance systems and the environment and ensuring optimum driving dynamics are the main topics in this field. Vehicles need to recognize the road type and quality at a high accuracy to ensure the most suitable driving for the road type. It is also important to use both uncomplicated and cost-effective systems when performing this detection. In this study, a deep learning-based approach that can be used in vehicle driver assistance systems is proposed to automatically recognize road type and quality. Using this approach, it is possible to determine the road type and the quality of the road using only driving images as the input data. A new convolutional neural network model is designed for classification of the driving images. Driving images obtained from Google Street View are used to evaluate the recognition system for an actual driving environment. The proposed approach shows that the road types were determined with accuracy of 91.41 %, and the pothole road–smooth road distinction was successful at 91.07 %. It can be said that the proposed method is an effective structure that can be used for advanced driving support systems, V2I communications systems, and similar intelligent transportation systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.24.6.22293

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the internal auditory canal (IAC) and the nerves inside it to define possible structural differences in cases with subjective tinnitus of unknown origin.MethodsCases applying to the ear, nose and throat department with the complaint of tinnitus with unknown origin and having normal physical examination and test results were included in the study (n=78). Patients admitted to the radiology clinic for routine cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whose MRI findings revealed no pathologies were enrolled as the control group (n=79). Data for the control group were obtained from the radiology department and informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Diameters of the IAC and the nerves inside it were measured through enhanced images obtained by routine temporal bone MRIs in all cases. Statistical evaluations were performed using Student t-test and statistical significance was defined as P

This paper proposes two edge detection methods for medical images by integrating the advantages of Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) and unsupervised clustering algorithms. The GWT is used to enhance the edge information in an image while suppressing noise. Following this, the k-means and Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithms are used to convert a gray level image into a binary image. The proposed methods are tested using medical images obtained through Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) devices, and a phantom image. The results prove that the proposed methods are successful for edge detection, even in noisy cases.