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Miconia pozuzoana L. Cárdenas & Michelang. sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Treelet with stems acutely angled and sulcate; peduncles quadrangular, fleshy and clearly winged, bracts foliaceous; flowers pedicellate, petals 5–6, pleiostemonous; filaments with a few pedicellate glands; ovary 6-locular, style bending away from the anthers, glabrous; stigma capitate. Type:— PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Pozuzo, Sector Huampal, Pan de Azúcar, cerca al área de observación de gallitos de las rocas. 10°11ʹ05ʺS, 75°34ʹ51ʺW, 1000–1100 m, 22 July 2006 (fl), L. Cárdenas & V. Flores 622 (holotype HOXA!, isotypes AMAZ!, CUZ!, HUT!, MOL!, MO!, NY!, USM!). Treelet, up to 2–3.5 m. Young stems acutely angled and sulcate, glabrous, internodes longitudinal ridges absent, nodal line raised and slightly darker than the stem, some internodes hollow and with orifices (presumably for ants). Leaves slightly anisophyllous; petiole 3–4.2 cm long, glabrous; blade 16–24 × 7.5–10 cm, elliptic, coriaceous, base acute to obtuse, apex narrowly acute, occasionally cuneate, margin entire to obscurely undulate; secondary veins 1 pair plus 1 pair of faint marginals, shortly plinerved [diverging Habitat and Distribution:— Miconia pozuzoana is endemic to cloud forests at 1000–1100 m in central Peru where it has been collected four times. Phenology:—Flowering material of Miconia pozuzoana has been collected in July. Etymology:—This new species is named after the district where it grows in the forests of central Peru. Conservation Status:— Miconia pozuzoana is only known only from three populations inside the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, with an extent of occupancy (EOO) of less than 20 km 2. Based on its restricted distribution and habitat, following IUCN criteria (2001) as implemented in the IUCN guidelines (2011) we recommend that this species is considered Endangered. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Pozuzo, sector Yulitunqui, 10˚16’44’’ S, 75˚31’37” W, 1700 m (fl, fr) 18 Nov 2008, J. R . Ayerbe & D. Heredia 204 (MO, HOXA, USM!); Oxapampa, Pozuzo, Sector Huampal, cercano al puesto de control y la parcela controlada, 10˚11’14” S, 75˚34’49” W, 16 Jul 2008 (fl), L . Cárdenas & V. Flores 523 (AMAZ!, CUZ!, HOXA!, HUT!, MO!, MOL!, USM!); Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Carretera Chontabamba al puesto de vigilancia Huampal, 10˚11’ S, 75˚34’ W, 1150 m, 19 Sep 2002 (fr), A . Monteagudo, C. Mateo, G. Ortiz 3890 (MO, USM!). Discussion:— Miconia pozuzoana is morphologically similar to a group of species found at mid-elevation forests throughout the Andes with hollow stems, relatively large flowers (hypanthia of at least 3.5 mm), obovate anthers that open by a minute pore (in some species the apex of the anther is tapering), capitate stigma, and glabrous to glabrescent leaves: M. bailloniana Macbride (1941: 388), M. expansa Gleason (1936: 536), M. huanucensis Wurdack (1972: 201), M. flacida Gleason (1931: 226), and M. hospitalis Wurdack (1972: 475). Based on anther morphology the first three species have been assigned to Miconia section Amblyarrhena and the latter two to Miconia section Tamonea (Aublet 1775: 441) Cogniaux (1886: 238), but because most sections of Miconia are not monophyletic, it is likely that all of these species are closely related based on the character combination mentioned above. Miconia pozuzoana can be easily distinguished by the inflorescences with at least some persistent bracteoles (vs. caducous in all the above species), and the combination of six-merous and pleiostemonous flowers. Among the species mentioned above, only M. huanucensis has some six-merous flowers (although they are mostly five-merous) and M. flaccida may be diplostemonous or pleiostemonous. The winged inflorescences of M. pozuzoana are similar to those of M. flaccida and M. bailloniana. However, hypanthia and fruit are also winged in M. bailloniana and some branches of M. flaccida, while they are always terete in M. pozuzoana. Additionally, M. pozuzoana may also be related to Conostegia inusitata Wurdack (1968: 170) and a closely related undescribed species (see Schnell 1996). Conostegia inusitata has been placed in Conostegia due to the presence of flowers with calyptrate calyx and numerous stamens (Wurdack 1968), however calyx morphology and anther shape differs from that of Conostegia sensu stricto, which led to Schnell (1996) to propose a new genus to accommodate these two species, Florbella, which is not yet validly published. Recent detailed analyses of seed and flower morphology, as well as molecular data show that Conostegia inusitata is not closely related to the other members of Conostegia, and rather it is placed within a large group of Andean Miconia with large flowers (R. Kriebel pers. comm.) and these two species also have quadrangular hollow stems (Michelangeli 2010)., Published as part of Cárdenas, Lizeth A., Burke, Janelle M. & Michelangeli, Fabián A., 2014, Five new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) from the Central Peruvian Andes, pp. 121-134 in Phytotaxa 188 (3) on pages 126-128, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5147229, {"references":["Macbride, J. F. (1941) Melastomataceae. In: Flora of Peru. Field Museum Publications in Botany 13: 249 - 523.","Gleason, H. A. (1936) Seven American Melastomes. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 63: 533 - 537. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480934","Gleason, H. A. (1931) Studies on the flora of northern South America-XV. Recent collections of Melastomataceae from Peru and Amazonian Brazil. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 58: 215 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480704","Wurdack, J. J. (1968) Certamen Melastomataceis XII. Phytologia 16: 169 - 183.","Schnell, C. E. (1996) The genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Ph. D. Thesis. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 382 pp.","Michelangeli, F. A. (2010) An annotated list and key of neotropical myrmecophilous Melastomataceae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 61: 407 - 447."]}

Miconia humifusa Jan.M.Burke & Michelang. sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Prostrate shrub with adventitious roots; young stems with brown barbellate trichomes; petioles 1.3–3.3 cm long; lamina 2–3.3 × 1.3–2.3 cm, ovate; flowers 4-merous; ovary 4-locular; style with gland-tipped hairs at base; stigma broadly peltate. Type:— PERU. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Sector Oso Playa?, trocha a la parcela Oso Playa, 10˚17´58˝ S, 75˚36´35˝ W, 2370–2475 m, 24 June 2006 (fl), L. Cárdenas & R. Francis 456 (holotype HOXA!, isotypes CUZ!, MO!, USM!). Prostrate subshrub with adventitious roots, up to 15 cm tall. Young stems terete, indument glabrous to villous with brown barbellate trichomes, ca 0.4 mm long, nodal line faint. Phyllotaxy opposite, though leaves frequently oriented to 1 side of stem. Leaves isophyllous; petioles 1.3–3.3 cm long, indument glabrous to moderately puberulous with flexuous, barbellate, gland-tipped trichomes; lamina 2–3.3 × 1.3–2.3 cm, ovate, membranaceous, base rounded, apex bluntly acute, margin serrulate, teeth linear and ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.3 to 1 mm apart; 1 pair of secondary veins plus 1 pair of faint marginals, basally nerved, symmetrical, tertiary veins percurrent, arched ca. 80 deg angle from midvein, quaternary veins reticulate, veins slightly impressed on the adaxial surface and raised on the abaxial surface, drying brown to purple; adaxial surface green, indument on the surface glabrous, and hirtellous on the primary and secondary veins, especially along the periphery, the trichomes simple, appressed, 0.3–0.4 mm long; abaxial surface green to dark green (drying purple or yellow), indument on the surface sparse sessile glands Distribution: — Humid montane forest, with parcels of pajonal, 2370–3479 m in the province of Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru Phenology: — Flowering in June, fruiting in November. Etymology: — The epithet refers to the prostrate or scrambling habit of this species. Conservation Status:— Miconia humifusa is only known only from two populations, one inside the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park and a second one just outside, with a total EOO of less than 20 km 2 and thus should be considered as Data Deficient (DD) under IUCN criteria (2001). Based on its restricted distribution and habitat, following IUCN criteria (2001) as implemented in the IUCN guidelines (2011) we recommend that this species is considered Critically Endangered. Additional specimens examined: PERU: Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, sector Santa Barbara, camino a Huayllar, 10˚21´57˝ S, 75˚39´47˝ W, 3479 m, 29 November 2006 (fr), Cárdenas et al. 958 (CUZ!, MO!, NY!). Discussion:—The prostrate habit of Miconia humifusa at high elevation, only allies it to two other species: Miconia chionophila Naudin (1850: 236) / Miconia rotundifolia (Don 1823: 311) Naudin (1850: 235). Miconia rotundifolia / M. chionophila constitute a species complex (or complex species). Though this species complex is morphologically quite variable in leaf shape and size, the leaf size of M. humifusa (2–3.3 cm long) extends beyond the leaf size range of the aforementioned species. Miconia rotundifolia rarely exceeds 2 cm long, often with a cordate base. The leaf size, combined with the petiole length that is at least as long as the leaf lamina, long internodes and conspicuous production of adventitious roots, allows Miconia humifusa to be differentiated from other Andean prostrate Miconia species. Outside of the Andes, another specimen of prostrate Miconia with leaves exceeding 2 cm long has been collected from the Talamanca mountains of Central America (Davidse 25967, NY), and is determined as M. rotundifolia. Though morphologically quite similar, we hesitate to combine these disparate populations into one species. The Talamanca populations of M. rotundifolia need to be studied in closer detail. One notable character of Miconia humifusa is the yellow or purple hue of the leaves when dry. The closely-related species, Miconia rotundifolia (see also Melastoma repens nom. herb./ Rhexia repens nom. herb.) has been noted as a source of yellow dye called “ola-ola”, producing a yellow tincture, when combined with Miconia tiri Triana (1871: 127) (see also Tiri tomentosa nom. herb.) and Bocconia frutescens Linneaus (1753: 505) to dye wool (Ruíz annotation on MA sheet; Ruiz 1940)., Published as part of Cárdenas, Lizeth A., Burke, Janelle M. & Michelangeli, Fabián A., 2014, Five new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) from the Central Peruvian Andes, pp. 121-134 in Phytotaxa 188 (3) on pages 130-131, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5147229, {"references":["Naudin, C. V. (1850) Melastomacearum monographicae descriptiones. [series 3] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique 16: 83 - 246.","Don, D. (1823) An illustration of the natural family of plants called Melastomaceae. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 4: 276 - 329.","Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 28: 1 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 00222. x","Ruiz, H., Barreiro, A., & Dahlgren, B. E. (1940) Travels of Ruiz, Pavoin, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777 - 1788). Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 372 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2305"]}

Miconia odoratissima L. A. Cárdenas sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Tree or treelet, young stems acutely quadrangular. Leaves sessile, the base auriculate. Inflorescences a terminal panicle. Flowers 5-merous, stamens isomorphic, filaments glabrous with an inflection and narrowing from the anther base, connective with four lobes, style bending away from the anthers, glabrous; stigma capitate. Type:— PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Huancabamba, sector San Daniel, 10˚26’37” S, 75˚26’57” W, 2171 m, 9 September 2006 (fl, fr), L. Cárdenas, G. Castillo & J Mateo 820 (holotype CUZ!, isotypes AMAZ, HOXA!, HUT!, MO!, MOL, NY!, USM!). Tree or treelet, up to 4 m. Young stems acutely quadrangular, later becoming terete, the indumentum farinose ferruginous with dendritic trichomes, later glabrescent, internodes longitudinal ridges absent, nodal line raised and slightly darker than the stem in the shape of an inverted “ V ”. Leaves isophyllous to slightly anisophyllous, then the smaller leaves up to 20% reduced with the smaller leaf alternating sides on the branch; petiole absent, blade 20–27 × 6.5–7 cm, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, coriaceous, base auriculate, apex narrowly acute, sinus 2.5–4.0 mm, margin entire to obscurely serrulate; 1 pair of secondary veins plus 1 pair of faint marginals, plinerved, the first pair of secondaries diverging 1.8–2.0(–2.7) cm above the base, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical (even in the same branch), the marginals basally nerved, tertiary veins percurrent, evenly spaced every 3–5 mm, the quaternaries reticulate, areoles 1.5–4 mm wide, veins impressed on the adaxial surface and raised on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface with very sparse stellate trichomes Habitat and Distribution:— Miconia odoratissima is endemic to the central forests of Peru in Huancabamba, Oxapampa where it has been collected from two neighboring localities at the border of the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park in secondary forests dominated by Clusia sp. and near streams. Phenology:— Miconia odoratissima has only been collected in September, and was in flower at the time. Etymology:—This new species is named for the sweet smell of its flowers, which attracted several bees at the time of collection. Conservation Status:— Miconia odoratissima is only known from two specimens from the same locality at the edge of the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, in an area that is highly degraded and under logging pressure. Based on the paucity of collections it should be considered Data Deficient (DD), following the IUCN criteria (2001) as implemented by the IUCN guidelines (2011). However, based on its limited distribution and endangered habitat, we recommend that this species is considered Critically Endangered. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Huancabamba, La Colmena, Trocha Erica, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, 10°26’37”S, 75°26’15”W, 2300 m, 22 Aug 2008 (fl), L Valenzuela, J. L. Mateo, & R. Rivera 11637 (HOXA, HUT, MO!, MOL!, USM!). Discussion:—Vegetatively M. odoratissima resembles Miconia impetiolaris (Swartz 1788: 70) D. Don ex de Candolle (1828: 183) var. pandurifolia Naudin (1850: 137) given their sessile and pandurate, coriaceous leaves with auriculate bases and a glabrous adaxial surface. However, M. impetiolaris var. pandurifolia (and all other described varieties) has an undulate leaf margin and abaxial leaf surface with dense stellate indument. Additionally, the inflorescence of M. impetiolaris is usually larger (over 20 cm long) and the flowers are not as densely arranged. Based on flower morphology, particularly that of the anthers, it is unlikely that these two species are closely related: Miconia odoratissima has large flowers with short yellow anthers that open by a minute pore which would place it in Miconia section Amblyarrhena (Naudin 1850: 204) Triana ex Hook. f. in Bentham & Hook (1867: 763), while M. impetiolaris has subulate and relatively thinner white anthers with a ventrally bilobed connective, and it belongs in Miconia section Miconia (Goldenberg et al. 2008). Other Andean species of Miconi a with sessile leaves (but unrelated flower morphology) are Miconia asclepiadea Triana (1871: 121), M. ferreyrae Wurdack (1960: 235), and M. retusa Pilger (1905: 174). Miconia asclepiadea and M. retusa have glabrous, ovate and cordate leaves that are either basally or only slightly plinerved. Miconia ferreyrae has lanceolate and basally nerved leaves with cordate to hastate bases. Miconia odoratissima shares with M. monzoniensis Cogniaux (1908: 140), M. barbeyana Cogniaux (1891: 872), M. pedicellata Cogniaux (1891: 875), M. pulgari Macbride (1929: 182) and M. terera Naudin (1850: 196), also from Miconia section Amblyarrhena, the glabrous filaments, thecae and styles, but all of the latter species all have petiolate leaves. The anthers of M. odoratissima have the connective with four lobes around the base of the thecae (Fig.1), a character also present in M. pedicellata. However, this last species has smaller and narrower petiolate leaves, 4-locular anthers and thinner calyx teeth., Published as part of Cárdenas, Lizeth A., Burke, Janelle M. & Michelangeli, Fabián A., 2014, Five new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) from the Central Peruvian Andes, pp. 121-134 in Phytotaxa 188 (3) on pages 122-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5147229, {"references":["Swartz, O. (1788) Nova genera & species plantarum; seu, Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium, maximam partem incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indiam Occidentalem annis 1783 - 87. Acad. M. Swederi, Holmieae, pp. 1 - 152. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 433","de Candolle, A. P. (1828) Memoires sur la famille des Melastomacees. Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris, 82 pp.","Naudin, C. V. (1850) Melastomacearum monographicae descriptiones. [series 3] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique 16: 83 - 246.","Goldenberg, R., Penneys, D. S., Almeda, F., Judd, W. S. & Michelangeli, F. A. (2008) Phylogeny of Miconia (Melastomataceae): Patterns of stamen diversification in a megadiverse neotropical genus. International Journal of Plant Sciences 169: 963 - 979. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 589697","Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 28: 1 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 00222. x","Wurdack, J. J. (1960) Certamen Melastomataceis VI. Phytologia 7: 233 - 244.","Pilger, R. (1905) Beitrage zur Flora der Hylea nach den Sammlungen von Ule's Amazonas-Expedition I. Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg 47: 106 - 191.","Cogniaux, C. A. (1908) Plantae novae andiane imprimis Weberbauerinae IV; Melastomataceae Peruvianae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 42: 131 - 148.","Cogniaux, C. A. (1891) Melastomataceae. G. Masson, Paris, 1256 pp."]}

Miconia cardenasiae Jan.M.Burke & Michelang., sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Treelet, up to 4 m; young stems bluntly quadrangular, slightly alate on young stems; leaves lanceolate to elliptical, slightly coriaceous, mite domatia present as foliar pockets formed at base of secondary vein axils, up to 2 mm deep; peduncles quadrangular, slightly alate; flowers 5(–6)- merous; stigma capitate. Type:— PERU. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Sector San Daniel, cercano a la laguna, ca. 0.5 km, 10˚26΄08˝ S, 75˚27΄29˝ W, 2366 m, 5 September 2006 (fl), L. Cárdenas, G. Castillo & J . Mateo 774 (holotype USM!, isotypes HOXA!, MO!). Treelet, up to 4 m. Young stems bluntly quadrangular, white to beige, glabrous, internodes with 4 longitudinal ridges, slightly alate on young stems, nodal line present. Leaves isophyllous; petioles 0.45–0.75 cm long, glabrous, green; blade 8–12.5 × 2.3– 4.1 cm, lanceolate to elliptical, slightly coriaceous, base rounded to attenuate, asymmetrical, apex acuminate, margin serrulate, teeth 0.5–0.75 mm long, 1–3 mm apart; two pairs of secondary veins (including faint marginals), plinerved, diverging 0.25–0.45 cm above the base, asymmetrical, tertiary veins percurrent, arched at 70–80˚ from midvein, quaternary veins reticulate, veins slightly impressed on the adaxial surface and raised on the abaxial surface, brown; adaxial surface nitid, especially when young, glabrous on surface and veins; abaxial surface light green (drying brown), indument on the surface glabrous, veins glabrous, mite domatia present as foliar pockets formed at base of secondary vein axils, up to 2 mm deep. Inflorescences terminal, few-branched panicle, 5.5–6.8 cm long; peduncles quadrangular, slightly alate, brown, glabrous; bracts ca. 1 × 0.25 cm, oblong, caducous; bracteoles ca. 0.75 × 0.2 cm, linear, caducous before anthesis. Flowers with pedicel 1(–2.3) mm long, glabrous.. Hypanthia 1.5 mm long, urceolate, 1.4 mm wide at the torus, external indument sparse sessile glands, internal surface ridged, glabrous. Calyx open in bud; tube 0.25 mm long at anthesis; lobes ca. 0.4 × 0.4 mm, nearly vestigial, glabrous; teeth 0.5–0.6 × ca. 5 mm, long acuminate, glabrous. Petals 5–6, 1 × 0.8 mm, obovoid, erect, white at anthesis (drying yellow), granulose abaxially, base attenuate, apex slightly retuse, margin erose. Stamens diplostemonous, isomorphic, radially spreading at anthesis; filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, white, with an inflection 3/4 of length; anthers incompletely 2-locular, thecae 0.5 × 0.4 mm, obovate, opening by 1 ventrally inclined pore, white at anthesis, connective prolonged 0.25 mm basally with bilobed ventral appendages and 1 short dorsal hump, glabrous. Ovary 3-locular, 2/3 inferior, the free portion projecting ca. 0.5 × ca. 1 mm, bluntly conical, glabrous; style 2.3–2.5 mm long, erect, white, glabrous; stigma capitate, 0.5–0.6 mm wide. Immature berries 2.3 mm long, globose, purple, calyx teeth persistent. Distribution: — This species is known only from the type collection, in humid montane forest at 2366 m, in the department of Pasco, Oxapampa province, Peru. Phenology: — Flowering in September. Etymology: — The epithet is in homage to Lizeth A. Cárdenas, who has collected many exquisite Melastomataceae specimens from Oxapampa, Peru. Conservation Status:— Miconia cardenasiae is only known only from one population inside the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park and thus should be considered as Data Deficient (DD) under IUCN criteria (2001). Based on its restricted distribution and habitat, following IUCN criteria (2001) as implemented in the IUCN guidelines (2011) we recommend that this species is considered Critically Endangered. Discussion:— Miconia cardenasiae can be recognized by the short, stout petioles, glabrous leaves, and presence of pocket domatia. Miconia cardenasiae is most similar to Miconia opacifolia MacBride (1929: 184) and Miconia cremophylla Naudin (1850: 228). Miconia opacifolia has completely sessile leaves, while M. cardenasiae has short (Miconia cremophylla has similar leaf morphology, though the petioles are longer, and it lacks any pocket domatia. Foliar mite domatia (acarodomatia) are not uncommon among tropical Melastomataceae (Goldenberg 2000, Almeda 2009, Larcher et al. 2012), but unlike ant domatia (Michelangeli 2010), have not been well documented, not even for other tropical plant families (Romero & Benson 2004). Foliar pocket domatia may provide shelter for beneficial mites that eat fungal spores; alternatively they may provide shelter for mite predators that help control insect or arthropod herbivory (Almeda 1989, Romero & Benson 2004). Within Miconieae, acarodomatia have been observed in a broad span of geographical and ecological zones, from Andean tropical montane forest (e.g., Miconia cookii Gleason (1933: 43), Miconia crocea (Desrousseaux 1797: 55) Naudin (1850: 245), Miconia media (Don 1823: 313) Naudin (1850: 244)), Brazilian cerrado (e.g. Miconia pusilliflora (de Candolle 1828: 194) Naudin (1850: 171), Miconia sellowiana Naudin (1850: 206)), to Central American cloud forest (e.g., Clidemia hammelii Almeda (1989: 140)). These domatia are expressed as either foliar pockets or hair tufts at vein axils. Moreover, there appears to be an ecological variation in their occurrence (Larcher et al. 2012). In Miconia cardenasiae, not all leaves on our specimen produce foliar pockets. This variation among leaves on a species bearing acarodomatia is not uncommon.

Miconia chemillensis L. A. Cárdenas sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Shrub or treelet, young stems terete, glabrous, on the blade surface mostly glabrous but with minute glandular trichomes, glomerulate panicle, flowers sessile, 5-merous, stamens dimorphic, antesepalous stamen filaments with an inflection towards the apex and connective with two minute ventral appendages, antepetalous lacking basal connective appendages. Type:— PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Huancabamba, sector San Daniel, 10˚26’37’’ S, 75˚ 26’57” W, 2171 m, 9 September 2006 (fl), L. Cárdenas, G. Castillo & J. Mateo 823 (holotype HOXA!, isotypes AMAZ, CUZ!, HUT, MOL!, MO!, NY!, USM!). Shrub or treelet, 4–7(–10) m tall. Stems terete to slightly flattened when young, glabrous, internodes longitudinal ridges absent, nodal line raised and slightly brighter than the stem. Leaves isophyllous; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm long, glabrous; blade 15–25 × 3.5–8 cm, elliptic membranaceous, base acute to broadly acute, apex narrowly acute, often narrowing below the attachment of the first pair of secondary veins, margin entire to loosely sinuate; secondary veins 1 pair plus 1 pair of faint marginals, shortly plinerved [diverging ca. 0.7 cm above the base, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical (even on the same branch)] to basally nerved, tertiary veins percurrent, evenly spaced every 4.5–5.5 mm, the quaternaries reticulate, areoles 1.5–2 mm wide, veins flat on the adaxial surface, the primary and secondaries raised, tertiaries and quaternaries flat on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface and primary and secondary veins glabrous; abaxial surface pale green, the surface mostly glabrous but with minute very sparse glandular trichomes, the primary and secondary veins with sparse glandular sessile trichomes, Habitat and Distribution:— Endemic to the central forests of Peru in Huancabamba, Oxapampa. Miconia chemillensis is known only from the type and has been collected in the border the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park, in the San Daniel area (2171 m). Etymology:—This new species is named after the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park where is found. Chemillén is a Yanesha word that means “burnt” and it refers to the aspect of the mountains of the region. Conservation Status:— Miconia chemillensis is only known only from one population a at the border of the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, in an area that is highly degraded and under logging pressure. Based on the paucity of collections it should be considered Data Deficient (DD), following the IUCN criteria (2001) as implemented by the IUCN guidelines (2011). However, based on its limited distribution and endangered habitat, we recommend that this species is considered Critically Endangered. Discussion:—The anthers of Miconia chemillensis have a slender but prolonged connective with apically widening thecae that open by broad pores. These characteristics place this new species in the traditional definition of Miconia section Hypoxanthus (Richard ex de Candolle 1828: 180) Triana ex Hook. f., in Bentham & Hooker (1867: 764), also known as M. section Glossocentrum (Crueger 1847: 111) Triana ex Hook. f. in Bentham & Hook (1867: 763); see Goldenberg (2000). The great majority of the species in this group are from Eastern Brazil but eleven species are known from Peru. The members of Miconia section Hypoxanthus in Peru are mostly found below 800 m elevation in Amazonian forests, while M. chemillensis was collected in cloud forests ca. 2500 m elevation. Molecular phylogenetic work is necessary to ascertain whether this species is indeed closely related to the Brazilian species of Miconia section Hypoxanthus. The flowers of M. chemillensis closely resemble those of M. semisterilis Gleason (1936: 535), especially in calyx, style and anther shape. However, M. chemillensis has dimorphic anthers (as opposed to isomorphic in M. semisterilis), and 5-merous flowers (vs. 4-merous). Additionally, the inflorescence of M. chemillensis is glomerulate (flowers not clustered in M. semisterilis) and the leaves are glabrous abaxially (vs. densely stellate-pubescent). Vegetatively M. chemillensis resembles M. klugii Gleason (1931: 240), also from Peru, but differs in leaf pubescence (glabrous vs. densely stellate) and the anthers of M. klugii lack the connective below the fertile portion of the thecae., Published as part of Cárdenas, Lizeth A., Burke, Janelle M. & Michelangeli, Fabián A., 2014, Five new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) from the Central Peruvian Andes, pp. 121-134 in Phytotaxa 188 (3) on pages 124-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5147229, {"references":["de Candolle, A. P. (1828) Memoires sur la famille des Melastomacees. Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris, 82 pp.","Goldenberg, R. (2000) O Genero Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae): I. Listagens analiticas, II. Revisao Taxonomica da Secao Hypoxanthus (Rich. ex DC.) Hook. F. Ph. D. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 249 pp.","Gleason, H. A. (1936) Seven American Melastomes. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 63: 533 - 537. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480934","Gleason, H. A. (1931) Studies on the flora of northern South America-XV. Recent collections of Melastomataceae from Peru and Amazonian Brazil. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 58: 215 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480704"]}