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The primary objective of this research is to design a sustainable supply chain agility model in the oil and gas industry of Bushehr Province. This study employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative), content analysis, the fuzzy DEMATEL technique, and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The statistical population consists of managers, officials, and mid- to senior-level experts from companies operating in the oil and gas industry of Bushehr Province. A sample size of 10 managers, experts, and industry specialists was selected for each stage. The qualitative findings revealed that sustainable supply chain agility indicators are comprised of environmental factors (green purchasing, eco-friendly and economic design and packaging, environmental preservation), economic factors (adoption of information technology, responsiveness, speed, competence, flexibility), and social factors (customer collaboration, ethical purchasing, social responsibility, compliance with laws, integration of relationships, and supplier collaboration). In the quantitative section, the first stage using the fuzzy DEMATEL approach showed that environmental factors fall under the category of effect criteria, while economic and social factors fall under the category of cause variables. ANP findings indicated that among the environmental factors, the green purchasing indicator holds the highest weight (0.33), followed by the environmental preservation indicator (0.087) and eco-friendly and economic design and packaging (0.086). Among the economic factors, the speed indicator has the highest weight (0.0524), followed by flexibility (0.0513) and competence (0.0505). Among the social factors, the customer collaboration indicator (0.0439) and compliance with laws (0.0438) have the highest weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Given the scarcity of data on river basins nationwide, numerous researchers turn to spatial analysis within a Geographic Information System (GIS) setting for hydrological studies and flood investigations. On that basis, identifying the most important factors influencing flood occurrence and severity, as well as building their sensitivity maps can be one of the most important solutions for flood reduction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to prepare a flood risk map in Bushehr province using machine learning techniques and to identify important factors affecting flood hazards. Materials and methods: In this study conducted in Bushehr province, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of three machine learning models: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Initially, layers of information influencing flood occurrence in the study area were identified. Each prepared map served as input for the models. Various layers such as slope, slope direction, elevation, distance to river, drainage density, lithology, land use, topographic wetness index, and vegetation cover index were prepared using ArcGIS and SAGA-GIS software, crucial for analyzing flood patterns. Using data from 925 flood locations, points were divided into two sets: 70% (645 points) for modeling and 30% (280 points) for evaluation. The effectiveness of the models was validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that among the ten main factors, height, rainfall, and lithology were the most important factors affecting flood occurrence, while slope and distance from the river had the least impact. Evaluating model accuracy using ROC revealed very good accuracy for the SVM model (0.86), generalized additive model (0.85), and RF model (0.88). Flood sensitivity analysis showed RF and GAM methods identified the highest area in the low susceptibility class, while the SVM method identified the highest area in the medium susceptibility class. Results indicated that 37.32% of the study area had low sensitivity, 26.01% had medium sensitivity, 12.42% had high sensitivity, and 24.42% were very sensitive to flood hazards. Also, two other models have had very good accuracy for flood modeling in the studied area. The ROC related to the RF model, SVM, and generalized collective model showed an accuracy of 88.5 for the RF model, 86% accuracy for the SVM model, and 85% accuracy for the generalized collective model. Conclusion: This study concludes that integrating machine learning models, namely SVM, RF, and GAM, with GIS analysis holds tremendous potential for advancing our understanding of flood patterns in Bushehr province. Leveraging these tools allows for a deeper comprehension of flood dynamics, aiding informed decision-making and effective mitigation strategies. This approach marks a significant leap forward in proactively addressing flood challenges and fostering resilient flood management practices in Bushehr province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the field of rituals is important and necessary because the identity of the people of a society lies in them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, to investigate magic, poems and rituals in rituals, Zar, Azaim -Nashini, Kondo, Nonposh and Tabe Garmak were studied. Magic is one of the prominent elements that can be seen in these rituals. Accordingly, the rituals are examined from the point of view of George James Frazer. The results show that only the treatment of the Nun-Posh ritual is done with the magic of proximity, in other rituals, the magic of similarity is observed. In addition, poems and verses are recited in rituals that are effective in treating diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of water resources is a word we are facing as we enter the 21st century. Iran, especially Bushehr province, faces hydropolitical challenges for various reasons, including population growth, industrialization process, lack of rain, consecutive droughts, and excessive withdrawal from water sources. The current research aims to explain and evaluate the hydropolitical challenges of Bushehr province and their impact on the economic security of the province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of nature, and data; in this way, the qualitative data of the research was collected through the analysis of texts and referring to experts by means of a semi-structured interview tool. In the quantitative phase of the research, data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with the help of 165 water basin experts and a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The analysis of this research has been done in two parts as qualitative and quantitative; in the qualitative part, analyzing the themes through theoretical coding in three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the quantitative section, using SPSS and Smart-PLS software, data analysis has been done in two descriptive and inferential sections. The research results show that two types of extra-provincial and intraprovincial hydropolitical challenges on the province's economic security can be explained. According to the findings obtained from the evaluation of the research model, the research's general hypothesis that Bushehr's hydropolitical challenges affect the province's economic security has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Length-weight relationship, length abundance, maturity percentage and growth parameters of green tiger prawn caught using trawl nets in Mond and Dayyer-Nakhilo areas located in Bushehr province during the years 2020 (13 August to 15 February) and 2021 (11 April to 9 September). A total of 658 tiger shrimps, including 420 female shrimp and 238 male shrimp were bioassayed. Based on the carapace length of 43.43 mm in the first sexual maturity of the females, 50.71% (213 specimens) were mature and 49.29% (217 specimens) were immature. Also, the relationship between the total length and carapace length of female shrimps was y=0.3679 x - 2.1648 based on linear regression. The relationship between the length and weight of 420 female shrimps and 238 male shrimps caught showed that parameters a, b, and r2 were 0.0099, 3.057, and 0.92 for females and 0.0115, 2.9962, and 0.912 for males, respectively. Based on the Sturges formula, 10 length classes were observed for male and female shrimps caught. The length class of 108-12.3 cm for both males and females had the highest frequency with 110 specimens (46.22%) and 141 specimens (33.57%), respectively. The results of this study showed that the maximum length of male (16 cm) and female (20.5 cm) caught shrimps was less than the infinite length and more than the optimal length. Growth parameters (Clinf, K, t0) for females were -0.057, 2.1 and 72 (mm) and for males -0.075, 1.7 and 62 (mm), respectively. The values of Z, F and M parameters for females were 9.2, 7.4 and 2.16 and for males 7.58, 5.62 and 1.96. The exploitation rate (E) was 0.77 for females and 0.74 for males. These values indicate overexploitation and fishing pressure in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to implement fishing management approaches in these habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, food security is one of the most important concerns of different societies. This concern has especially important in rural areas which are themselves producers of food products. This study has investigated food security and factors affecting it in rural areas of Busher Province. Necessary data were collected by a sample of 380 households who were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan's Table. Data analysis was performed in descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS18. The results indicated that more than 60% of households have food insecurity. Results also indicated that based on the Mc Carthy model, economic, geographical and social factors have the most effect on food insecurity. Based on the results of hierarchical regression, among the economic factors, the variables such as irrigated land, savings, and number of livestock, among the social factors, variables such as spouse literacy, number of children, dependency burden, and geographical factors, variables such as distance from agricultural sales center, sales through intermediaries and investment of urban people in the rural areas have a positive and significant effect on improving food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnopharmacology is a very diverse approach to drug discovery that involves the observation, description, and experimental study of native drugs and their biological activities based on botany, chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and other disciplines such as anthropology, archeology, history, and linguistics that helps discovering of natural products with biological activity. The aim of this study was to identify medicinal plants that have a traditional use in the north and west of Dashtestan county, Bushehr in the north of Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 25 local informants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 117 medicinal plants related to 63 families were identified in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, Aloe vera, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Echium amoenum, Trachyspermum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare, Plantago psyllium, Fumaria parviflora and Nigella sativa had the highest cultural importance index. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, pediatric problems, kidney and urinary tract diseases, OB & Gyn problems, psychiatric and neurological diseases, dermatologic and the metabolic disorders, respectively. The native people used some of these medicinal plants for some diseases which these usages were unique for this region. For example, they used Achillea eriophora DC for ulcers, abscesses, and carbuncles, Matricario chamomilla for fever and abdominal discomfort, Echium amoenum for promotion of labor pain, Plantago psyllium for purulent infections, Fumaria parviflora for neonatal jaundice and Nigella sativa for musculoskeletal pains. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in this region use some of these plants for some diseases which these usages are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

This research was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in Pacific white leg shrimp cultured in farms of Ganaveh, Deylam, Hillah, Mand, Delvar and Shif and its consumption risk. The shrimp samples were prepared based on the standard methodology. The health risk of its consumption was evaluated according evaluated according to the daily intake (DI) index. Our results showed that the shrimp reared in the Deylam site had the maximum values of toxic metals mercury, nickel, and zinc compared to other sites of Bushehr Province. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in shrimp muscle were 0.021, 0.028, 11.725. 42.003, 0.095, 3.278, 0.122 and 6.748 mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. Based on the findings, the concentration of Cu and Ni were significantly higher than the permissible maximum recommended amounts for human consumption by the world health organization (WHO), and they were 0.38 and 10 mg/kg DW, respectively. On the other hand, the health risk evaluation of the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of heavy metals showed that daily and continuous consumption of shrimp is safe for consumers in different age groups (children, adults) and despite the high levels of nickel and copper, there is no serious risk to consumers.

Today, ports, as a communication bridge for the exchange of goods, play an important role in sea and land transport in creating integration in the post-colonial regions and establishing balance in the supply chain. In fact, each port has a different geographical location, equipment and function, and this has led to increased inequality in the development of ports and, by nature, cities and regions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, identify and analyze the geographical facilities and capabilities of the ports of Bushehr province in order to develop the backward regions of this province. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical using documentary sources, library. In order to weight and rank the criteria and sub-criteria, fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS models have been used. After a general review and comparison of criteria and sub-criteria, six ports of Bushehr, Assaluyeh, Kangan, Genaveh, Dayyer and Deylam in this province were selected from among the ports of Bushehr province which are located in the Persian Gulf. Findings show that Assaluyeh port is among the five ports compared in terms of criteria and sub-criteria in the first place. Therefore, it was selected as the most suitable port in the development of the southern regions of Bushehr province.

In the present study, the linguistic atlas of Bushehr province is discussed, as the first linguistic atlas of the provinces in Iran. It is a collection of maps compiled to show the linguistic restrictions on a geographic area. The data collected for this study is based on the questionnaire of national linguistic atlas of Iran (105 words and 36 sentences) by Parmoon (1385); and interviews with speakers from 500 villages in the province. Then the interviews are transcribed into international phonetic alphabetic form (I.P.A). It is tried to show the aords with the least and the most dialectal diversities in the dialects of this province. It is also possible to see dialectal diversities of each word and sentence, in question, on the maps of this province in graphical forms and in different colors. Finally, the dialectal diversities of this province are analyzed and then explained linguistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increase in microplastic pollution has become a global problem. The food chain can be polluted by the presence of microplastics in macroalgae. To measure the presence and amount of microplastics in macroalgae and water, sampling was performed from the rocky shores of Bushehr province during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022 from four stations of Jofreh, Rishehr, Bojikdan, and Halileh. The result indicates the presence of microplastics in the macroalgae and the water, which were separated using a stereomicroscope. The microplastics were analyzed by FTIR-ATR device to determine the type of microplastic. The dominant species of the sampling stations were macroalgae Sargassum sp. Although, according to the results, the microplastic pollution in macroalgae samples was higher in the summer than in winter, the microplastic pollution in the water was more in the winter season. The average abundance of microplastics was calculated as 173 ± 96.96 and 116.75 ± 63.36 microplastics/kg in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Jofreh and Halileh stations, with a mean frequency of 225 ± 50.48 and 23 ± 5.69 microplastics/kg, were the most polluted and clean stations, respectively. The sphere form of the microplastic fragments was more frequent after the fiber type. The results of the FTIR-ATR analysis showed that the microplastic polymers in Sargassum sp. and water were polyamide (nylon)˃ polystyrene˃ polyvinyl chloride, respectively. Since the main activities that pollute the beaches of Bushehr province are fishing, shipping, tourism, etc., and they are more in the summer. So it can be seen as evidence for the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnopharmacology is a very diverse approach to drug discovery that involves the observation, description, and experimental study of native drugs and their biological activities based on botany, chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and other disciplines such as anthropology, archeology, history, and linguistics that helps discovering of natural products with biological activity. The aim of this study was to identify medicinal plants that have a traditional use in the north and west of Dashtestan county, Bushehr in the north of Persian Gulf . Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 25 local informants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 117 medicinal plants related to 63 families were identified in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, Aloe vera, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Echium amoenum, Trachyspermum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare, Plantago psyllium, Fumaria parviflora and Nigella sativa had the highest cultural importance index. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, pediatric problems, kidney and urinary tract diseases, OB & Gyn problems, psychiatric and neurological diseases, dermatologic and the metabolic disorders, respectively. The native people used some of these medicinal plants for some diseases which these usages were unique for this region. For example, they used Achillea eriophora DC for ulcers, abscesses, and carbuncles, Matricario chamomilla for fever and abdominal discomfort, Echium amoenum for promotion of labor pain, Plantago psyllium for purulent infections, Fumaria parviflora for neonatal jaundice and Nigella sativa for musculoskeletal pains. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in this region use some of these plants for some diseases which these usages are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in men and the tenth most common cancer in women. The role of viral infections in the development of urinary bladder cancer has been discussed a lot in recent years. The role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) as a cocarcinogen has been proven in some human cancers. Therefore, the aim of this research is the molecular investigation of EBV in bladder masses in Bushehr province. Materials and Methods: The current research is a descriptive-analytical study. The study population includes bladder tissue biopsies of people diagnosed with bladder cancer referred to Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr. The paraffin-embedded bladder biopsy tissue of 181 patients with bladder cancer with an average age of 64.52±13.78 as well as 30 non-cancerous bladder tissue samples as the control group were examined for molecular tests after deparaffinization and nucleic acid purification. In order to ensure the absence of PCR inhibitors, human beta globin gene was first detected as an internal control, and then the BKRF1 gene of EBV was detected by nested PCR method. Finally, SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze the data and perform statistical tests. Results: Out of 181 bladder carcinoma samples, 7 cases (3.9%) were infected with EBV, but no statistically significant relationship was found for age, sex, and stage and grade of tumor with EBV positive samples (P>0.05). In addition, EBV was not detected in any of the non-cancerous control samples; however, the difference in the prevalence of EBV between the bladder cancer patients' group and the control group was not statistically significant (P=0.33). In addition, the sequencing of the nested PCR products of the BKRF1 gene and the phylogenetic analysis indicate the presence of EBV type 1 in the positive samples. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study and despite the fact that the percentage of EBV infection in cancerous samples was higher than in non-cancerous samples, it is unlikely that EBV is an effective factor in causing bladder cancer in Bushehr province, and other risk factors are probably involved in the etiology of bladder tumors in our study population, such as increasing air pollution in this region of the country, high-risk occupations, smoking, and other carcinogenic viral factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnopharmacology, as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery, provides valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures.The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants in the Giskan mountain area. Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 20 local nformants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 126 medicinal plants belonging to 58 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pistacia Atlantica, Plantago psyllium, Teucirum polium, Scrophularia striata, Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare had the highest CI and FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal discomforts, obstetrics and gynecology, general conditions (temprament and weakness), infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the Giskan mountain area. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in the Giskan mountain area use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

One of the most important historical issues in Iran during the first half of this century is the confrontation between the central government and local forces in the corners of Iran. It is the family of Hayat Davoodi in Bandar Rig and today's Genaveh port. This family made great efforts to prevent the expansion of the power of the central government of Iran in the area of Hayat Davood, but they were not able to do so. The challenge to the life of the Davoodis with the central government began during the reign of Reza Shah and ended in the 1940s. This study seeks to investigate and analyze the emergence and decline of the Dawood family of life in Bandar Rig. The main problem of the research is to identify the factors influencing the opposition and confrontation of the Dawoodi family with the Pahlavi government. Based on descriptive and analytical methods, this research seeks to identify the angles of this issue

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the status of intestinal parasitic infections in immunocompromised patients in Bushehr province, southwest Iran by conventional and molecular methods.Methods:A total of 201 stool samples were collected from kidney transplant recipients, AIDS patients and patients under chemotherapy. Samples were collected from healthy people as the control group. The specimens were tested using various conventional methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed on samples identified as positive for Coccidia by direct microscopic examination.Results:Approximately 32.45% were infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. The highest (46.8%) and lowest rates of infection (24%) were observed in AIDS and chemotherapy patients, respectively, while the infection rate of the control group was 16%. Isospora spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in all patient groups, and Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts were detected in one of the transplant recipients. All identified coccidia were confirmed by PCR. There was a significant relationship between the rate of intestinal parasite infection and certain variables.Conclusion:Given the potential risk of certain intestinal parasites in people with immune deficiency, it is recommended that diagnosis of parasitic infections in such patients be based on specific parasitological methods. Thus, it is advisable that physicians refer them to a parasitology laboratory prior to drug administration.

Background and Objectives: Drought and dust are serious atmospheric hazards that have affected the western and southwestern parts of Iran in recent years due to various reasons. Since numerous droughts have had a detectable impact on occurrence and severity of dust, therefore, related studies are considered important. The purpose of this study is to analysis the trend of dust storms frequency and its relationship with drought (SPEI). Materials and Methods: Bushehr province is located in north of the Persian Gulf and southwest of Iran. To investigate the effect of drought on dust storm, data on the dust events at daily timescale, monthly precipitation, temperature, humidity-relative, evapotranspiration data were utilized from 7 synoptic stations over 30 years (1989–2018). The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), dust storm occurrence based on weather codes 06 and 07 events and linear regression of parametric statistical test were used to estimate of drought, dust storm index (DSI) and their trends were analyzed by parametric linear regression test method. Spatial distribution of drought and dust in the case study obtained in Arc GIS software by IDW method. To investigate the relationship between climate and dust storms, the data of stations with significant trend of drought and dust storms frequency were analyzed using linear regression. Results: The results showed that the percentage of drought frequency were classified into mild drought (79.06%), moderate drought (18.96%) and severe drought (2%) in the whole 30 years. Approximately 6.25% of droughts is occurred in the first decade, 50% in the second decade and 43.75% in the third decade. The spatial distribution map of drought also showed that the main focus of this phenomenon is occurred in the southern, central and northeastern parts of Bushehr province than rest of other parts. Existence air currents from Arabian Desert towards the central area of the province, the lack of appropriate vegetation, soil erosion and sand and salt zones in these parts have confirmed this issue. The percentage of occurrence of different drought during the whole study period showed that the occurrence of mild droughts was more than moderate droughts and the occurrence of moderate droughts was more than severe droughts. The overall trend of DSI changes across the entire study duration was decreased. Conclusion: This study showed that dust storm index with increasing drought intensity was decreased and its correlation with drought during the 30-year period was not significant. Overlaying both of spatial distribution maps of drought and DSI did not show homogenous distribution pattern. This indicates that human factors or external source of dust can play a more important role in creating heterogeneous distribution pattern of drought and DSI in Bushehr province. Finally, the relationship between drought and DSI has always fluctuated according to dry and wet years over the whole study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnopharmacology, as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery, provides valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants in the south of Dashtestan area in the north of the Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 20 local nformants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 97 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Nigella sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Echium amoenum, Boswellia sp., Trachyspermum copticum, Astragulus fasciculifolius, and Zingiber officinale had the highest CI and FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, metabolic disorders, obstetrics and gynecology, and respiratory diseases. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the south of Dashtestan area. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in the south of Dashtestan area use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

The employment phenomenon plays an important role in creating tendencies for centralization and shaping inequalities at the ‎regional level. Considering the fact that the main source of concentration and density is ‎occupational centralization, the aim of this study is to investigate the distribution patterns and employment focus ‎in Bushehr Province during the years 1365 to 1390 with a focus on Bushehr County. So, four questionnaires ‎were used to explore the patterns of ‎distribution and concentration of employment in the ‎province.‎ Based on a literature review and the theoretical background, four ‎hypotheses were ‎formed. Those hypotheses were tested through a descriptive-analytical research method. ‎Concentration and distribution of employment were analyzed ‎by the Location Quotient technique of ‎distribution, concentration Quotient, ‎locational association technique, and linear regression.‎ ‎The results of the tests on the level of concentration and distribution showed a higher ‎concentration in Bushehr County than in the other counties during different years. ‎However, Kangan County had higher ‎concentration in 2006 and 2011. The ‎findings of the locational association analysis showed that a high level of ‎industrial activity has caused absorption and concentration in every business area ‎in this ‎county. The results of regression analysis showed that the adherence of transportation job was in first rank, ‎and building activity was in second rank.‎

Background and Aim: Fertility declining to a level too low for replacement and preventing its negative consequences have led to changes in the country's population policies. Understanding the causes of declining fertility and proper policymaking to increase it requires prompt action on the part of researchers and policymakers in different social and health fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different components of perceived social support ̶ instrumental support, material support and emotional support ̶ on women's fertility intention. Materials and Methods: This was a survey conducted in the suburban areas of Bushehr Province, Iran. Using multi-stage cluster sampling a total of 600 eligible women aged 18- 44 years old were selected. The questions used to measure fertility intention and social support dimensions of the women were extracted from the standard questionnaire used in international research. Results: The data showed that about 89% of those women who had had one child declared their intention to have a second child, while only 38% of those with 2 children had the intention to have a third child. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression indicated that increased instrumental support will, through controlling the number of currently living children, their education and employment status, increase the likelihood of women's fertility intentions to 1.445. Conclusion: The instrumental support and the relevant support that can be obtained from social network members can facilitate the transition to higher fertility sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil physiochemical properties and regeneration of Prosopis cineraria in Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces, and to determine the most important soil factors effecting P. cineraria distribution and regeneration establishment. For this purpose, we selected four natural pure sites including Chah Mobarak, Nakhl Ghanem, Amani, and Bahdeh in Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces. In each site, five 25*25 m plots were randomly selected and soil samples were taken in each plot in two depths of 0-5 and 6-25 cm. Also, all of the regeneration in each plot, were counted and categorized based on their height (seedlings, 200 cm height). Collected soil physiochemical data and regeneration classes were subjected to one-way ANOVA. Result indicated that the highest and lowest amount of soil calcium carbonate belonged to the Amani (57.28%) and Bahdeh (80.6 %) sites, respectively. However, no calcium carbonate was observed in Chah Mobarak and Nakhl Ghanem sites. The maximum and minimum soil electrical conductivity belonged to the Chah Mobarak (5.58 ds/m) and Bahdeh (1.28 ds/m) sites at the depth 0-5 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the highest amount of calcium carbonate were recorded in Bahdeh (77.7 %) and Amani (55.4 %) at the depth of 6-20 cm. Soil Organic matter (1.24 %) and nitrogen (0.12 %) were greater in Nakhl Ghanem compared to other sites. Results of regeneration indicated that there are significant differences among the studied sites. Furthermore, Nakhl Ghanem, Amani, Bahdeh, and Chah Mobarak had 3814, 1491, 2813, and 3088 regeneration per ha. No regeneration was recorded in Amani and Bahdeh for >200 cm height class. Based on the results, the most important soil factor effecting P. cineraria distribution are silt followed by sand, potassium and clay. Moreover, nitrogen is an essential soil element in P. cineraria regeneration establishment. However, calcium carbonate and electrical conductivity had negative effects on P. cineraria regeneration and should be considered in plantation plans.

Background: Ethnopharmacology, as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery, provides valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures.The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants in the Giskan mountain area. Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 20 local nformants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 126 medicinal plants belonging to 58 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pistacia Atlantica, Plantago psyllium, Teucirum polium, Scrophularia striata, Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare had the highest CI and FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal discomforts, obstetrics and gynecology, general conditions (temprament and weakness), infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the Giskan mountain area. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in the Giskan mountain area use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hydatid cyst is one of the parasitic zoonoses caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. The spread of this parasite is global and is of great importance in terms of public health. To date, ten different species of this parasite have been identified that differ in characteristics such as life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the genotype and phylogenetic relationship of hydatid cysts isolated from livestock of Bushehr province, Iran. About 62 samples of hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts were collected from slaughtered animals. DNA extracted by phenol–chloroform method was amplified by PCR using primers specific for the cox1 gene. The PCR products of 50 samples were sequenced and analyzed using BioEdit software and compared with sequences in the GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was drawn using Neighbor Joining tree-NJ method, and its reliability was evaluated. Sequencing results showed that out of 50 sequenced samples, 43 samples had the genotype of Echinococcus granulosus and 7 samples had the genotype of Taenia hydatigena. By drawing a phylogenetic tree, all 43 hydatid cyst samples belonged to G1 strain. The predominance of G1 strain of hydatid cyst in livestock of Bushehr province shows the main role of this genotype in establishing the life cycle of parasite in this region and if the genotype of the parasite in dogs and humans is determined, then these findings can be used to disrupt the life cycle of the parasite and reduce the human infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four species of the genus Longidorus were recovered from southern (Bushehr province) and southeastern (Southern Khorasan province) Iran. The first species, L. paratabrizicus n. sp. represents a new member to the genus and is characterised by 4.8-5.6 mm long females with anteriorly flattened lip region separated from the rest of the body by depression, amphidial fovea pocket-shaped without lobes, tail conical, dorsally convex, ventrally almost straight with bluntly rounded tip and males in population. By having similar lip region and tail shape, the new species most closely resembles five species viz. L. artemisiae, L. globulicauda, L. patuxentensis, L. sturhani , and L. tabrizicus . It represents the cryptic form of the last species. The second species belongs to L. mirus , recovered in both southern and southeastern Iran, representing the first record of the species after its original description. As an update to the characteristics of this species, it's all juvenile developmental stages were recovered and described. The criteria to separate L. mirus from two closely related species, L. auratus and L. africanus , are discussed. The third species belongs to L. persicus , a new record in southern Iran. The fourth species, L. orientalis was recovered in high population density in association with date palm trees in Bushehr province. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species and recovered populations of L. mirus and L. persicus were reconstructed using two ribosomal markers and the resulted topologies were discussed.

Abstract The present study aims to analyze the morphology of some local stories of the city of Bushehr in Iran. These three stories, with some difference, correspond to the patterns of Vladimir Propp and are in harmony with the functions of his theory, though with slight differences. The present article mentions some of the elements that are not in Propp’s model. The novelty of this article is the reviving of the patterns of the Boushehrian stories and pointing out the differences between Iranian stories and the constructivist principles of storytelling. This research aims to answer some of the following questions: Do Bushehrian stories have a structure such as fairy tales of other nations and other magical legends in Iran? Is the structure of these stories the same as the structure of other Iranian stories? Do these stories share similar aspects? Which aspects of the story and its functions are identical to the patterns of Propp, and which ones do not correspond? Can one choose a native pattern for these stories and refresh the symbols of its elements? The structure and sequence of the events and elements of these stories are as follows: the time and place of these stories are as vague and unclear as the narrated story. These stories begin with an initial condition, a problem occurs for the proponent of the story (hero) and the hero travels (becomes absent); he is struggling with difficulty; he overcomes the problem and sometimes he takes on a magical object and overcomes the wicked one; he returns to the first place anonymously, or goes to the palace that has been driven out, and the vicious character of the story is punished and the story ends well. The functions, with a slight shift, are similar to the myths, the examples of which have been given by Ms. Pegah Khadish in her book, Morphology of Magical Legends of Iran. To analyze the elements of Bushehri's myths based on theories, it should be done similar to the methods of this book. Of the six functional pairs, the A-Z pairs form the main narrative frame. This pattern, which Khadish has designed, is also seen among these three stories, especially the first two stories, which have more magical aspects. The pair of D-F (dealing with helpers - getting the magic agent) (Khadish, 2009: 105), in these three stories, is the first pair. The M-N pair (difficult task and doing it) was also seen in these three Bushharian stories; in the first story, it is hard to find the "deer brain" to treat the Shah, which the main hero -the king’s son- finds it. In the second story, difficult task to achieve, here the finding of the finding of the Shawl and Mani Chang, which the hero helps with the help of a helper to pass a forest and battle with giants. In the third story, where the difficult task is waiting, the poor groom to wait patiently, or to confront the helper inside the well and meet his needs in a trip to the holly city of Mashhad. The Pr-Rs pair is less seen in these three stories. Actually, there is release, but there is no such pursuit. The pair of warfare and victory (H-I) is also in the second story between the boy and the two giants of war, and of course they do not win over the boy, and the mother of the giants know the son as the victorious person and bestows him the magic object. . The anonymous entry and identification is also present in three stories, and the tone of the final elements of the story is set up by the O-Q pairs. The king's daughter appears behind the curtain, and the father sees and knows her and then he is pleased. In the second story, moreover, the daughter and son of Shah (the children of the seventh wife) are finally identified.

Due to the high complexity in the mechanism of earthquakes occurrence, it is not possible to predict it accurately at a given site. Experiences and scientific findings indicate that using the statistical and probabilistic techniques entitled seismic hazard analysis, the safety of the structures can be desirably assessed. This study evaluates the seismic hazard of Bushehr province using the probabilistic and in some cases the deterministic approaches. To assess the seismic hazard, an area of 150 km around Bushehr province has been considered. Seismic linear sources have been prepared using the available maps. Historical and instrumental earthquake catalogue has been provided using the published catalogues. Foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed from the catalogue by applying the Gardner and Knopoff algorithm. Then, by employing the Keijko and Gutenberg-Richter methods, suitable seismicity parameters have been calculated. Finally, according to the seismic power of each fault, the mentioned parameters have been assigned to the faults. Seismic hazard analysis has been performed using the desirable ground motion prediction equations. Results have been presented as the deterministic and probabilistic acceleration response spectra for important cities. The probabilistic seismic hazard zonation maps have been provided for the return periods of 75, 475 and 2475 years.

Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis diseases. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in rural cattle, sheep, and goat of Bushehr Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012-2014. For the cattle population, a total of 118 villages and 891 cattle and for sheep and goat population, a total of 202 villages, 526 flocks, 3064 sheep, and 7182 goats were included. Samples were examined with Rose Bengal, 2-mercaptoethanol and wright tests. Results: In the cattle population, 28 out of 118 villages (20.34%, CI 95%: 13.94%-28.73%) and 20 out of 891 cattle (3.36%, CI 95%:2.28-4.77%) were seropositive. Additionally, in the sheep and goat population, 89 out of 202 villages (44.06%, CI 95%: 37.10%-51.20%), 142 out of 526 flocks (27%, CI 95%: 23.25%-31%), and 335 out of 10246 sheep and goats (3.27%, CI 95%: 2.93%-3.63%) were seropositive. The prevalence at the individual level of all animals was 3.53%in 2012 which was significantly higher than 2013 ( 2.59%) (P=0.02). Totally, in 3 years, the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep (3.88%) was significantly higher than goats (3%) (P = 0.02) and the prevalence in female animals (3.52%) was significantly higher than male animals (1.58%) (P

The main purpose of this research was to determine the impacts of fishing cooperatives on promoting entrepreneurship spirit among their members. The population included 1820 members of the three fishing cooperatives in Bushehr province. Three hundred twenty samples were selected by Kerjcie and Morgan Table. A proportional stratified sampling method was used to specify the samples' numbers for each cooperative. The validity of the questionnaires was gained by the use of a panel of experts, necessary corrections were implemented. The reliability was achieved by a pilot-test among 30 members. The results revealed that rate of the fishing cooperative's success to achieve entrepreneurship spirit promotion among the members assessed (52.2%) very much and (34.1%) moderate. The results of using multiple regression showed that the variables of participation in training courses, members' participation in cooperative, entrepreneurial characteristics among the cooperatives' members, satisfaction of the cooperative's activities, establishing economic and financial structures for entrepreneurship development had respectively a positive significant effect on promoting entrepreneurship.

Background: Ethnopharmacology, as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery, provides valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants in the south of Dashtestan area in the north of the Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 20 local nformants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 97 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Nigella sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Echium amoenum, Boswellia sp., Trachyspermum copticum, Astragulus fasciculifolius, and Zingiber officinale had the highest CI and FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, metabolic disorders, obstetrics and gynecology, and respiratory diseases. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the south of Dashtestan area. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in the south of Dashtestan area use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of professional meritocracy of managers based on Iranian and Islamic teachings. The research method is mixed (qualitatively quantitative) of the type of successive exploratory designs. In the qualitative section, using the library method and mining texts, the concepts related to the indicators of professional competence of organizational managers were examined. The statistical population in this section was 47 educational management experts who were selected by purposive sampling method and using the analysis of semi-open interview results and content analysis method, concepts were drawn in the form of a network of themes. The tools for collecting research information in the qualitative section were sources, interviews and documents (research reports, etc.) that the participatory feedback method was used to validate the validity and reliability analysis. In order to analyze the qualitative data, inductive content analysis based on open coding was used. In the quantitative part, data collection was based on a researcher-made questionnaire. In this part, a one-sample t-test was used and the statistical population of this section was 213 And were bred in Bushehr province that multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select quantitative statistical samples. To validate the reliability of the questionnaire in this section, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, the reliability of which was 0.78, and its face and content validity was confirmed by experts. Data analysis in the qualitative domain was based on content analysis and in the quantitative domain was done using statistical software and factor analysis method. The results showed that the development of human resource management model with qualification criteria in accordance with Islamic and Iranian teachings, organizational planning based on "competence", matching capabilities and competencies with jobs and managements should be done carefully and only under legal and ethical criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bushehr Province has been located in the south west of Iran and due to water shortage crisis in this province, the water quality assessment of its rivers is very important. This study was conducted with the aim of the quality assessment of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Baghan, Mond and Bahoosh in Bushehr Province by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes, because of the importance of these rivers in drinking, agricultural and industrial consumption . Materials and Methods: In this study, water sampling information were taken from 11 stations along 6 rivers including Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan during 2011-2013. Then, Tthe quality assessment of above-mentioned rivers was implemented by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes. PO4, NO3, DO, BOD, and COD were the parameters that used for the calculation of IRWQISC whereas DO, NO3, PO4, and BOD were utilized for the measurement of NSFWQI index. One way analysis of variance was applied for the comparison of the mean of water quality parameters among different years. Moreover, ArcGIS 10.1 was applied for spatial analysis of water quality parameters and water quality indexes. Results: The results of this study indicated that according to IRWQISC index, Baghan and Dalaki rivers with scores of 31.3 and 39.8 were categorized as bad quality rivers while Shapour, Mond, Bahoosh and Helleh with 46 and 53 scores were included in the average quality category. In addition, with respect to NSFWQI index; Baghan River with a water quality index value of 68 was in the average quality group whereas the rest of rivers with values of 73 and 80 were in the good quality rivers. Conclusion: The findings of this study proved that the of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan rivers water were suitable for agricultural purposes while it should be purified for drinking purposes.

Coastal areas within the Bushehr Province (BP), Persian Gulf, Iran, face great challenges due to the heavy organic contamination caused by rapid industrialization, and the presence of numerous oil fields. In addition, in 2014, a significant number of tar balls are found along the coasts of BP. A total of 96 samples (48 coastal sediments and 48 tar balls) were taken from eight sampling points at the BP coast during the summer of 2014. These samples were analyzed to identify the sources and characteristics of their organic matter using diagnostic ratios and fingerprint analysis based on the distribution of the source-specific biomarkers of n -alkanes, PAHs, 1 1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons hopanes and steranes. Mean concentration of n- alkanes (μg g−1 dw) and PAHs (ng g−1 dw) varied respectively from 405 to 220,626, and 267 to 23,568 in coastal sediments, while ranged respectively from 664 to 145,285 and 390 to 46,426 in tar balls. In addition, mean concentration of hopanes and steranes (ng g−1 dw) were between 18.17 and 3349 and 184.66 to 1578 in coastal sediments, whereas in tar balls were 235–1899 and 520–1504, respectively. Pri/Phy 2 2 Pristane/Phytane ratio was 0.25 to 1.51 (0.65) and 0.36 to 1 (0.63) in coastal sediment and tar ball samples, respectively, and the occurrence of UCM 3 3 Unresolved Complex Mixture in both matrices, reflecting the petrogenic OM 4 4 Organic Matter inputs and chronic oil contamination, respectively. The C 30 and C 29 homologues followed Gammacerane were detected in both matrices, in particular those collected from intensive industrial activities, suggesting petrogenic sources of OM. The coastal sediment PAHs profiles were significantly dominated by HMW 5 5 Higher Molecular Weight -PAHs in the Bahregan Beach (BAB) (78% of total PAHs), Bandare-Genaveh (GP) (66%), and Bandare-Bushehr (BUB) (61%) stations, while the Bashi Beach (BSB) (40%), Bandare-Kangan (KP) (57%), and Bandare-Asaluyeh (AP) (51%) stations exhibited higher proportion of LMW 6 6 Lower Molecular Weight -PAHs. PCA 7 7 Principal Component Analysis indicated that the tar ball and coastal sediment samples deposited along the Southwest of the BP beaches are most likely originated from the Abuzar oil. Based on the intensity of the anthropogenic activities, NPMDS 8 8 Non-Parametric Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis revealed that the GP, BAB, NNP, AP, and KP sampling sites had a high concentration of detected organic pollutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates oil pollution in costal sediments and tar balls in the BP, providing insights in to the fate of oil in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Unlabelled Image • Coastal sediments and tar balls of Bahregan Beach, Bandare-Genaveh and Bandare-Bushehr exhibited high values of petroleum biomarkers. • Coastal sediment texture, and TOC influence the spatial distribution of petroleum biomarkers. • The occurrence of the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in both tar balls and coastal sediments suggests chronic oil contamination. • Predominance of high molecular weight PAHs originated mostly from fuel combustion. • Abuzar oil was identified as the most probable source of the sediments and tar balls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folk poems are an important part of oral literature, resulting from feelings, sufferings, joys, wishes, prayers and love of the public. From generation to generation, they represent the culture, thinking, beliefs and traditions of the given region and have remained intact. Due to the diversity of its climate and environment, the sea, the mountains and the plains, Bushehr province is one of the rich and popular- cultural regions. People's life of this province has always been accompanied by many poems, from birth to death, to which these folk poems have been applied in the dialect of the population for various purposes. By adopting a descriptive- fundamental research methodology, the authors seek to identify, collect, categorize and analyze different types of poems from Bushehr province. To this end and to carry out this research, the authors used a combination of two research methods called field study and library-based. This research aims to answer the following questions: What are the most current types of folk poems in Bushehr province? What time were these poems being read? Who were the narrators and their audience? The results showed that these poems were of seven types including lullaby, game poem, work, lyric and mourning songs. These poems have always been accompanied either by music played with a special instrument, or by using voice length and different sounds which gave them special rhythm and intonation. The narrators of these poems were usually women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract There has been a great concern about shortage of potable water in many countries as well as Iran, because of the dramatic low rainfall during past few decades almost in all over the Iran. There is a great concern for implementing renewable desalination systems as it seems to be the only clean and environmental friendly source to the traditional fossil fuel powered systems. This study sought to simultaneously assess the reliability of electricity and cost in off grid photovoltaic systems for a photovoltaic reverse osmosis desalination system in 9 districts of Bushehr Province in Iran. Solar data used in this study contains indices of "Clearness Index" and "Daily Solar Radiation" over a period of 16 years from 2000 to 2016. HOMER and Excel were used for technical-economic feasibility of the proposed systems. For this study, a new model of BWRO-2S-130/75 desalination system is tested and proposed. The results indicate that the proposed photovoltaic systems are technically and economically feasible. It was also found that the reliability of off grid photovoltaic system using fuzzy time function provided better results than using the simple method. The results of the evaluation of proposed photovoltaic systems by HOMER software shows that annual electricity production for Delvar and Deylam port are 72,336 and 47,915 kWh respectively which is promising. Also, maximum of 228 m3 and a minimum of 148 m3/day of potable water can be produced with cost of 1.96 to 3.02 $/m2 for Delvar and Deylam port respectively. Results indicate that using the proposed system of desalination would be economically feasible for Delvar, since the predicted water cost is cheaper compared to existing water price of $2.5. The new model of BWRO-2S-130/75 desalination can meet the water demand of the selected city. Highlights • Off-grid PV system for a Reverse Osmois system is investigated for Bushehr in Iran. • Photovoltaic reverse osmosis desalination system for 9 districts was analyzed. • HOMER and MATLAB Software were run for technical-economic feasibility. • Proposed photovoltaic systems were both technical and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconstructs the relative sea level (RSL) and palaeoclimate of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf (PG) during the last 16 centuries using physiochemical and ecological proxies from a radiocarbon-dated sediment core from the Nayband Bay (NB) estuary. The results show that between 1600 and 1150 cal yr BP, the NB was a marine lagoon with high river discharge, indicated by low organic matter content sandy silt sediments, high foraminiferal abundance (7900 tests per 10 cm3), and balanced agglutinated and hyaline taxa. During the Medieval Warm Period, the NB became a shallow lagoon, and consequently, a playa with high eolian input and low river discharge formed in the studied site that extended until 500 cal. yr BP. This condition is indicated by sediment finning trend, elevated magnetic susceptibility in sandy mud sediments, and low foraminiferal frequency dominated by hyaline taxa (mainly opportunist Ammonia beccarii). During the stillstand condition corresponding to 500–250 cal yr BP, the evolution of tidal channels in the area provided a platform for developing the upcoming mangrove habitat. In the last 250 years, RSL in the north of NB dropped enough to create a low-energy intertidal flat sheltered by a sandbar, which allowed mangrove growth. We conclude that the ecological and sedimentological evolution of the shallow marginal NB is mainly driven by eustatic RSL decline superimposed by local uplift. We suggest that the current orbitally-induced increasing insolation trend, enhanced by human-induced global warming, could increase aridity in the PG and the southern Zagros. • NB Estuary evolved from an open lagoon (1600–1150 cal yr BP) to a mash and mangrove (1150–250 cal yr BP) and ultimately mangrove (250–0 cal yr BP) due to the continuous RSL fall. • During the MWP and LIA, the southern Iranian Plateau experienced a warm-dry and wet-cold period, respectively. • The current orbitally-induced increasing insolation trend, enhanced by human-induced global warming, could enhance aridity in the PG and the southern Zagros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, microplastic (MP) pollution in the coastal sediments and tidal waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf was comprehensively investigated. The sampling stations were selected based on their proximity to various human activities in January and February 2022, such as tourism, fishing, urban development and industry. The results showed that the abundance of MP associated with different human activities varied. The highest concentrations were observed near the petrochemical industry in Asaluyeh, followed by the densely populated Bushehr and the fishing port of Dayyer. Other areas such as Ganaveh, Deylam and Mand also showed varying levels of MP contamination. The average MP concentration was 1.67 × 104 particles/km2 in surface water and 1346.67 ± 601.69 particles/kg in dry sediment. Fiber particles were in the majority in both sediment and water samples, mainly black. The sediment samples had a size range of 100–500 μm (41.34 %), while the water samples were between 500 and 1000 μm (33.44 %). The main polymers found were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). This assessment highlights the widespread problem of microplastic pollution in the coastal and intertidal zones of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf. • The study comprehensively examines microplastic pollution in Bushehr Province's coastal and tidal zones. • Varying microplastic levels are linked to distinct human activities. • The average concentration of microplastics was 1.67×104 particles/km² in surface water and 1346.67±601.69 particles/kg in sediment. • Dominant polymers are polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), with sediment ranging from 100-500 µm and water from 500-1000 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The health workforce has a dynamically changing nature and the regular documentation of its distribution is a persistent policy concern. This study aimed to measure the distribution of general physicians in primary health care in Bushehr, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive study including all general physicians working in primary health care in Bushehr Province, Iran (2010-2013). We investigated the degree of inequality of distribution of general physicians by calculating the Gini Index and plotting Lorenz curve by DAD 4/6 & Robin Hood index by Excel software, both before and after adjusting for crud mortality and consultation rates. Results: The highest value of the degree of inequality was based on the number of consultations which was at the beginning and end of the study period 0.321 & 0.196 (with reduction equivalent to %39), based on crude mortality rate of 0.157 & 0.125 (with reduction equivalent to 20%) and at population level of 0.117 & 0.86 (with reduction equivalent to %26). The number of physicians available for distribution based on the number of consultation relative to the population was twice, approximately. The amount of redistribution of general physician increased from 15 people based on the population to 31 based on the number of consultations and from 10 to 20 in 2010 & 2013, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that the distribution of general physicians was not proportional to the population & health needs between districts. Based on Gini & Robin Hood Indices, more efforts are needed to tackle health inequality.

Background: Ethnopharmacology has been seen as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery by providing valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants of the Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province in the North of Persian Gulf. Material and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 23 local informants by face to face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 131 medicinal plants belonging to 62 families were identified. Malva sylvestris, Zataria multiflora, Terminalia chebula, Cuminum cyminum, Foenicum vulgare, Olivera decumbens, Echium amoenum, Teucriuma polium, Cannabis sativa and Papaver somniferum had the highest cultural importance indices. Ducrosia anethifolia Bioss, Nigella sativa, Capparis spinosa and Urtica dioica had the highest FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal diseases, gynecological diseases and dermatological uses, infectious diseases, nature of cool and metabolic disorders, respectively. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province. Although most of therapeutic applications of these plants in the Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, but the people of this region use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this area. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

Assessment of students' ability to cope with a new educational system and Information technology in Islamic Higher education-based setting may provide information with which to develop effective interventions to improve the process of information seeking behavior in the future. This study aims to identify the current status of information seeking behavior's process based on the new educational system and Information technology in Islamic Higher education. The conceptual model which was used in this study included five stages as follows: Access to Information Resources, Using Information Resources, Evaluating Information Resources, Crisis situation, and Research skills. In order to assess validity (content), the views of Knowledge and Information Sciences professors and expert's assessment was used and the questionnaire reliability was obtained between 0.684 and 0.754 by Cronbach alpha. In order to fulfill the aim of the study, 323 Female Students who participated in this study were randomly selected were 215 in Fars and 108 in Bushehr Province holders in 1394-1395 Academic years at Fars and Bushehr Islamic Higher education. Data collection tool in this study was the questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test used to analyse data. The results showed that Library in Islamic Higher education, Printing Book, Authority, and learning in the classroom or training at the workshop, are so important elements for Islamic Higher education students. On the other hand there was no significant difference between criteria regarding crisis situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bushehr province can be considered one of the country's historic provinces. In terms of popular culture, this province is one of Iran's richest treasures. This immense treasure has increased, especially in ritual music, mourning and requiem. Due to the traditional subcultures and the particular geographical conditions of this province, folklore plays an important role. This research tries to investigate the typology of requiems analytically. Research methodology is library-based and field study. Thus the main objective of this study is to explore common folk requiems in special domains such as Senj Va Damām, Zikr, Alam, book reading, Pish Khani, Pāmenbari, chest beating, Ali Asqar lullabies, Qasim's Hijlah, Chavosh, Rawda khwani, like Zhuljanah, Shāme Qaribān used in the mourning ceremonies of Bushehr province. In addition to the typology of requiems in Bushehr Province, the findings of the current study indicate the influence of these verses in terms of language, expression, thought, music and format on the ritual literature of this province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the morphology of some local stories of the city of Bushehr in Iran. These three stories, with some difference, correspond to the patterns of Vladimir Propp and are in harmony with the functions of his theory, though with slight differences. The present article mentions some of the elements that are not in Propp’s model. The novelty of this article is the reviving of the patterns of the Boushehrian stories and pointing out the differences between Iranian stories and the constructivist principles of storytelling. This research aims to answer some of the following questions: Do Bushehrian stories have a structure such as fairy tales of other nations and other magical legends in Iran? Is the structure of these stories the same as the structure of other Iranian stories? Do these stories share similar aspects? Which aspects of the story and its functions are identical to the patterns of Propp, and which ones do not correspond? Can one choose a native pattern for these stories and refresh the symbols of its elements? The structure and sequence of the events and elements of these stories are as follows: the time and place of these stories are as vague and unclear as the narrated story. These stories begin with an initial condition, a problem occurs for the proponent of the story (hero) and the hero travels (becomes absent); he is struggling with difficulty; he overcomes the problem and sometimes he takes on a magical object and overcomes the wicked one; he returns to the first place anonymously, or goes to the palace that has been driven out, and the vicious character of the story is punished and the story ends well. The functions, with a slight shift, are similar to the myths, the examples of which have been given by Ms. Pegah Khadish in her book, Morphology of Magical Legends of Iran. To analyze the elements of Bushehri's myths based on theories, it should be done similar to the methods of this book. Of the six functional pairs, the A-Z pairs form the main narrative frame. This pattern, which Khadish has designed, is also seen among these three stories, especially the first two stories, which have more magical aspects. The pair of D-F (dealing with helpers - getting the magic agent) (Khadish, 2009: 105), in these three stories, is the first pair. The M-N pair (difficult task and doing it) was also seen in these three Bushharian stories; in the first story, it is hard to find the "deer brain" to treat the Shah, which the main hero -the king’s son- finds it. In the second story, difficult task to achieve, here the finding of the finding of the Shawl and Mani Chang, which the hero helps with the help of a helper to pass a forest and battle with giants. In the third confront the helper inside the well and meet his needs in a trip to the holly city of Mashhad. The Pr-Rs pair is less seen in these three stories. Actually, there is release, but there is no such pursuit. The pair of warfare and victory (H-I) is also in the second story between the boy and the two giants of war, and of course they do not win over the boy, and the mother of the giants know the son as the victorious person and bestows him the magic object. . The anonymous entry and identification is also present in three stories, and the tone of the final elements of the story is set up by the O-Q pairs. The king's daughter appears behind the curtain, and the father sees and knows her and then he is pleased. In the second story, moreover, the daughter and son of Shah (the children of the seventh wife) are finally identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size frequency distribution for age structure, length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships of six populations of Platycephalus indicus along the Persian Gulf coastal waters in Iran are reported. A total of 180 P. indicus specimens were studied from six localities including Charak, Bandar-Abbas, Shif, Motaf, Khur-Musa and Bahrekan. The maximum standard length recorded for the studied populations ranged between 300 to 510 mm and the b values of the length-weight relationships ranged between 3.0 and 3.2. The obtained results indicated isometric growth patterns for all these populations with the exception of the Bahrekan population which showed a positive allometric growth pattern. The LLR between the total and standard lengths in these populations were found to be highly significant. The results would be useful for further studies on population assessment and sustainable conservation of the fish along the Persian Gulf coastal waters.

Background: Ethnopharmacology has been seen as a multidisciplinatary approach for novel drug discovery by providing valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants of the Genaveh port in the North of Persian Gulf. Material and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 30 local informants by face to face interview. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 93 medicinal plants belonging to 55 families were identified. Plantago psyllium, Teucrium polium, Peganum harmala, Descuraninia sophia, Cichorium intybus, Achillea erophora DC, Matricarria charmomilla and Citrolus colocynthis had the highest cultural importance indices. Plantago psyllium, Descuraninia sophia and Zataria multiflora had the highest FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal diseases, gynocological diseases, respiratory disorders, infectious diseases, nature of cool and metabolic disorders, respectively. In addition to the use of these plants to treat diseases as in Iran’s traditional medicine, people in the Genaveh port particularly use Plantago psyllium for drainage of infective boils and abscesses, cough, skin diseases, Teucrium polium for diabetes mellitus, wound washing and sterilizing, Peganum harmala for uterus infections and abdominal cramps, Descuraninia sophia for heart diseases and heatstroke, Cichorium intybus for heatstroke and liver diseases, Achillea eriophora DC for reflex, diabetes mellitus and wound healing, Matricarria charmomilla for seizure and dysmenorrhea, Citrolus colocynthis for hemorrhoid, diabetes mellitus and rheumatism and Zataria multiflora for sedation, abdominal pain and respiratory diseases. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in Genaveh port. Although most of therapeutic applications of these plants in the Genaveh port are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, but the people of this region use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this area. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

The aim of this study was to comparing the effect of different hanging ratios (E=0.5 and 0.6) of drift gillnets on catch rates, length composition and Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in Bushehr coastal waters between late September 2010 to late March 2011. The length frequency of Spanish Makerels did not differ significantly between gillnets with 0.5 and 0.6 hanging ratios (P>0.05). A total of 55889 kg of various large pelagic species were caught during 6 cruises in six months that 26409 and 29552 kg were related to gillnets with 0.5 and 0.6 hanging ratios, respectively. The catch composition of gillnet with 0.5 hanging ratio was included: Thunnus tonggol %48.81, Euthynnus affinis %25.41, Scomberoides commersonnianus %17.02, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides %3.87, Scomberomorus commerson %3.39, Rachycentron canadum %1.17, Sphyraena jello%0.33 and species composition of gill net with 0.6 hanging ratio was included: Thunnus tonggol %52.18, Euthynnus affinis %24.29, Scomberoides commersonnianus %16.52, Scomberomorus commerson %3.33, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides %2.88, Rachycentro ncanadum %0.61 and Sphyraena jello%0.19. The CPUE did not differ significantly between two gillnets (P>0.05).

Background: Bushehr Province has been located in the south west of Iran and due to water shortage crisis in this province, the water quality assessment of its rivers is very important. This study was conducted with the aim of the quality assessment of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Baghan, Mond and Bahoosh in Bushehr Province by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes, because of the importance of these rivers in drinking, agricultural and industrial consumption . Materials and Methods: In this study, water sampling information were taken from 11 stations along 6 rivers including Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan during 2011-2013. Then, Tthe quality assessment of above-mentioned rivers was implemented by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes. PO4, NO3, DO, BOD, and COD were the parameters that used for the calculation of IRWQISC whereas DO, NO3, PO4, and BOD were utilized for the measurement of NSFWQI index. One way analysis of variance was applied for the comparison of the mean of water quality parameters among different years. Moreover, ArcGIS 10.1 was applied for spatial analysis of water quality parameters and water quality indexes. Results: The results of this study indicated that according to IRWQISC index, Baghan and Dalaki rivers with scores of 31.3 and 39.8 were categorized as bad quality rivers while Shapour, Mond, Bahoosh and Helleh with 46 and 53 scores were included in the average quality category. In addition, with respect to NSFWQI index; Baghan River with a water quality index value of 68 was in the average quality group whereas the rest of rivers with values of 73 and 80 were in the good quality rivers. Conclusion: The findings of this study proved that the of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan rivers water were suitable for agricultural purposes while it should be purified for drinking purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This research aims to determine the mental health status of population aged 15 and over in the province of Bushehr in 2015. Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional field survey consisted of residents of urban and rural areas of Bushehr province in Iran. Through systematic random cluster sampling, 1200 individuals were selected from the residents of urban and rural areas of Bushehr, Deilam and Borazjan. The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire was applied as the screening tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 18.0 for windows. Results: The results of this study showed that using the traditional scoring method, 23.4% of the subjects (29% of females and 14.7% of males) were suspected of mental disorders. The prevalence of suspected psychiatric disorders in rural areas (24.5%) was more than the prevalence of these disorders in urban areas (22.8%). The prevalence of suspected anxiety and the somatization of symptoms was higher than the prevalence of social dysfunction and depression, and the prevalence of these components was higher in women than men. The findings of this study also showed that the prevalence of suspected cases of mental disorders increased significantly with age. The prevalence of suspected cases of these disorders was higher among females, the age group of 65 and older, people living in rural areas, divorced and widowed, students and primary and secondary education than other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study show that more than one fourth of the sample were suspected of mental disorders, and the prevalence of these disorders has increased from 21.3% in 1999 to 23.4% in 2015. Therefore, it seems necessary for the provincial public health authorities to take the needed steps for providing requirements encompassing prevention and promotion of mental health in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]