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This research investigates whether and how the supply of and demand for art-based religious tourism changed after the pandemic. We examine the effects of the pandemic on the business models of Italian Fabbricerie. The analysis investigates whether the pandemic has impacted visitor flows in quantitative (e.g. the number of visitors) and qualitative terms (e.g. the type of visitors) and the emergence of new market segments. We examine whether the restrictions due to the health emergency and the resources supporting the cultural sector have changed these organizations' cost and revenue structure and generated new costs or revenues. Finally, we focus on the strategies implemented to unveil whether cultural offerings changed and to understand the role of new digital tools or communication channels in responses to the pandemic. Our results thus contribute a better understanding of cultural organizations' business models and the pandemic's impact on the value they generate for visitors and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia contributed significantly to the sustainable of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) supply chain. On the other hand, sustainability in the process of implementing the supply chain system for independent smallholders is an issue that is extremely important for the success of the supply chain system for the CPO company. This study's objective is to develop an alternative business model with the goal of strengthening the interaction that already exists between independent farmers and cooperatives in ensuring the existence of a supply chain for raw materials and having access to financial resources, knowledge, and technology. The selection of the research location considered several factors, including the size of the area's oil palm plantations, the number of oil palm farmers who are self-sufficient, and the possibility of locating CPO plant. Study findings that, the new model by business canvas analysis as the upgraded model of existing model business recommended that it should be built based on the cooperative palm oil family which provides farmers with access to financial, replanting, intensification, and extensification and infrastructure by APKASINDO, BPDPKS, Bank, and other stakeholders to sustain the FFB supply chain in cooperation through a partnership program in a long-term scheme. This whole system was developed by corporate farming system based on the cooperative as the off taker of FFB farmers and develop mini plant CPO to produce cooking oil and biofuels and by product as the waste management system as the value added for farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AEC industry, including construction consulting, is experiencing digitalization through technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM), impacting firms' business models. The traditional hourly-based model does not align with shortened project timelines driven by digitalization, design automation, and product-based approaches. This study uses a case study approach and explores and evaluates four selected alternative revenue models (freemium, subscription, out-come-based, and performance-based) for value creation using a digital tool developed by the consulting firm. The freemium model enhances market reach but requires a high conversion rate. The subscription model offers steady recurring revenue and supports client relationships. Out-come-based and performance-based models link payments to client outcomes and performance metrics, fostering efficiency and competitive advantages. The study identified multiple target markets for this tool and emphasized the importance of a portfolio revenue model to meet specific client needs in the digital era. Implementing alternative revenue models aids return on investments and avoids the digitalization paradox. Construction consulting firms must adeptly manage these models' complexities to address diverse client needs and leverage digital transformation opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on coopetition‐based and values‐based business model networks, we explore competitors' coevolutionary interactions to drive sustainability. Using a specialty coffee industry case study in Colombia, we propose an analytical framework for collaboration, leveraging resources to transform neglected industry values. We apply the congruence analysis method to compare theoretical expectations with empirical findings, providing rigorous evidence. Our study reveals that developing values‐based networks through coopetition allows collective problem resolution and offers new opportunities for value creation. This research contributes to coopetition and values‐based network theories, emphasizing practical implications for sustainability‐focused business models. By highlighting competitor collaboration intricacies, our study enhances our understanding of the dynamics of local markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, we are witnessing firms engaging in acquisitions to explore new business models. However, despite operating within similar industry sectors, integrating these business models can be challenging. Beyond the mere integration of operational aspects, this paper argues that business model integration should encompass two crucial dimensions: the integration of market architectural strategies and the assimilation of mindsets that drive market operations. The paper constructs a typology for business model integration, grounded in the integration of market architectural strategies, and mindsets and illustrates the types through international acquisition examples. The paper contributes to existing research by exploring integration within the context of business model acquisitions. The division into market architectural strategies and mindset advances past understanding of business models. The conceptualization of "value‐creation culture" extends the boundaries of past acquisition research and underscores the significance of mindsets associated with new business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of different charging pile business models on their economic and environmental benefits. Firstly, this paper analyzes the cooperation and competition relationships among the stakeholders under three charging pile business models, and their impact on the whole process of charging pile from design, production, operation to recycling. Secondly, this paper establishes a social economic benefit evaluation model and a life cycle carbon emission evaluation model based on the differences of charging pile in quality, cost, life span and high-value component recycling rate under different business models. Finally, this paper conducts a case analysis of the economic and environmental benefits of three business models combined with China's actual situation. The research results show that the economic and environmental benefits of each party in the three business models are closely related to the quality, cost, life span and high-value component recycling rate of the charging pile. Among them, the life span of the charging pile has the greatest impact on its economic and environmental benefits. The higher the recycling rate of high-value components, the more conducive to improving its economic and environmental benefits. The research results will provide reference for policy makers and EVCI investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this case, we describe the journey of Finance Kaart, a fintech start-up with a vision to serve India's financially excluded customer segments. We explore the strategic options available to the start-up and its founder's rationale for developing an online marketplace business model focused on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise customers in small towns of India. The case further explores how India's fintech ecosystem enabled frugal innovation by start-ups such as Finance Kaart. In a supportive ecosystem, Finance Kaart followed a partnership-driven approach but needed to address investor concerns regarding its "over-dependence on the partners" that arguably limited its profit potential. We conclude by discussing how Finance Kaart planned to overcome the challenges to its growth strategy by transforming it into a Neo-bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While existing literature extensively explores manufacturing firms expanding into services, little is known about the modes of servitisation, the means by which they carry it out. This paper concentrates on acquisitions as a mode of servitisation. Post-acquisition integration is when the potential of an acquisition is realised. The paper therefore aims to categorise types of integrations following the acquisition of servitised firms and discusses their consequences for servitisation. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical part of the paper is based on two case studies, each involving the acquisition of servitised firms. Both acquirers changed their integration approach over time. Findings: The paper conceptualises three types of integrations: rhetorical, insulated and transformative integrations, indicating whether and how the acquirer becomes servitised following the integration. These highlight the analysis of integration based on business models and customer orientation in relation to servitisation. Originality/value: This paper contributes to research on servitisation by emphasising acquisitions as a mode of servitisation and conceptualising three integration types related to business models and customer orientations. Furthermore, the paper highlights how an acquirer's servitisation leads to new offerings targeting new customers, as opposed to strengthening existing relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the intersection between the lean startup methodology and research on business models. We note that both perspectives are anchored on a systematic approach to needs discovery and highlight the importance of value creation (vs. value appropriation). However, while the lean startup is centered on creating value for customers through discovery of product-market fit, research on business models concerns value creation for all stakeholders through establishing product-market-business model fit. We also discuss how the lean startup method informs research on business models and vice versa. We observe that the promise of applying lean startup to business models lies in probing the viability of new business models with an efficient and effective process. We find that business model research, in turn, can contribute to the lean startup methodology by (a) suggesting extensions to the method that derive from the holistic, system-level nature of the business model construct and (b) highlighting a range of specific experimental subprocesses, refinements, and tools that could be applied to refine the customer needs discovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the hospitality industry has increasingly embraced green practices. Indeed, tourists pay more attention to the sustainability actions of accommodations nowadays, demonstrating positive attitudes towards those implementing sustainable initiatives. Against this backdrop, "greening" a hotel has become a key driver of success for hotel operators to attract and retain these emerging eco-friendly travelers. Accordingly, many hotels worldwide have started implementing green management practices and adopting new business models. However, this is particularly difficult for luxury hotels, where combining luxury characteristics and sustainability is a challenging and ongoing issue. This research aims to investigate the unique business model of a luxury eco-hotel sited in a WWF-affiliated reserve and belonging to a social foundation group. Our findings not only demonstrate that it is possible to combine sustainability and luxury but also to depict a new form of business model that integrates social and environmental dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upscaling coastal nature-based solutions (NbSs), from the river to sea scale, essential to the ultimate success of restoration, requires larger investments, greater socio-economic engagement and a transformative shift in governance. Consequently, the ability to catalyze blended finance from public and private investors through business model innovation and accessibly written long-range business plans is imperative. This research proposes a methodology to systematically co-design, through iterative stakeholder engagement, suitable and effective business models for upscaling NbSs coastal restoration, as well as a framework to develop business plans adaptable to different investors needs and financial criteria. This method was tested and validated in a saltmarsh restoration project coordinated by public agencies in the Venice Lagoon. It delivered an advanced business model canvas, carefully assessed through a stakeholder questionnaire and a related business case centered on ecotourism complemented by a willingness-to-pay analysis. The resulting business plan lays out the governance, management, business and financial strategies for successful restoration, addressing specific interconnected issues, improving five main ecosystem services and delivering NbS multifunctional environmental, economic, social and cultural benefits. The methodology has proven to be applicable beyond the Venice Lagoon saltmarsh case and types of restoration projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing competition, changing customer needs, and growing environmental protection requirements mean companies are forced to change their approach to business. Traditional product sales are being replaced by systemic solutions focused on meeting specific customer requirements while reducing negative impacts on the environment. One such solution is the Product-Service System (PSS). This allows manufacturers to offer their products' functionalities and features through related services. By extending the life of products, promoting the reuse of materials, and reducing the amount of waste, the implementation of PSS strongly supports sustainable development. The paper focuses on a new product group—garage boxes (GB). It discusses a new PSS business model that responds to the needs of people living in blocks of flats with no tenant storage lockers or rooms in the basement. The new business model sells the function (storing various possessions) and eliminates problems faced by tenants due to the lack of sufficient storage space. It provides customers with high-quality GB for as long as they need them. Customers can pick and choose equipment with additional services depending on their needs. The idea of the model is the outcome of a nationwide study carried out in Poland on a group of 500 residents of blocks of flats and consultations with manufacturers, homeowner associations, wholesale and retail traders, and the financial sector. The study provided us with information and data that provided a comprehensive picture of the problem of the absence of storage lockers or rooms for residents and the needs connected with GB. The results of the conducted research indicate that the developed business model responds to the diverse requirements of residents and supports sustainable solutions. It is an alternative to the lack of a storage unit assigned to each apartment. The business model developed in the paper is highly innovative and comprehensive. This makes it an attractive solution for residents of apartment blocks, and its implementation can significantly reduce the environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalisation offers many business opportunities for professional service firms (PSFs) in general and for tax consulting in particular. Digitalisation is changing the cost structures of PSFs, which affects the scope and scale of PSFs and their service offering. Scope, scale and offered services are part of a business model. Given the increasing importance of PSFs to an economy, it is unfortunate that evidence is lacking on whether and how digitalisation is changing PSFs’ business models. This study provides insights into how tax accountants, as a subgroup of PSFs, are changing their business model in the wake of digitalisation. Tax professionals can respond reactively or proactively to digitisation, either meeting client needs or actively engaging with new technologies. However, smaller accounting firms may face challenges due to resource constraints and lack of expertise, which could be addressed through collaboration, alongside considerations of data security and regulatory compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosecco wine has become one of the widest diffused sparkling wine with 627 million bottles produced in 2021 compared to 140 million bottles produced in 2010. The spread of the product is due to a rapid growth in production capacity that has allowed a large amount of product to be placed on the market at very competitive prices. The growth of the sector has led to a radical change in the characteristics of supply with the emergence of companies with a business model based on trading, not integrated in wine production, focused on bottling and selling the product. The paper analyzes, using a System Dynamics approach, the process that determined the affirmation of the trading business model by identifying the critical variables and the relevant feedback loops structures. Resource dynamic analysis allowed us to evaluate the long-term sustainability of the dominant business model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses four questions. First, what is the operational framework of the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)? Second, how congruent is the ASWB's operational framework with social work values and ethics? Third, why do ASWB exam candidates from disadvantaged backgrounds—those who identify as African American, who are older, and who do not speak English as a first language—register comparatively lower pass rates in the clinical licensure examination? Fourth, what are ethically sound novel strategies for improving the ASWB exam? This article argues that (1) ASWB, in its present state, operates under a business model philosophy, which is incongruent with the social work value of integrity, and (2) the disparities in pass rates in the ASWB exam may reflect its lack of validity. This article also presents three relatively innovative strategies for restoring confidence and increasing success in the ASWB social work licensing exam and two contingent solutions to the problem of exam pass rate disparities based on race, age, and primary language. The implications of this study for social work stakeholders are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the fast development of digital technologies, innovative business models were booming in the last two decades, which demands further investigation of the growing research trends of business models in the digital era. This research adopts bibliometrics techniques to explore business models in the extant literature, and then uses structured reviews to conduct content analysis which leads to the identification of research trends and propositions. The analysis shows that most of the literature could be summarised into a 4V-BM framework covering value proposition, value creation, value delivery and value capture. Moreover, it reveals and verifies three trending areas that focus on dynamics, digitalisation, and business ecosystem. Based on these findings, this research proposes a concept of ecosystem-oriented business mode which reflect the three trending features. The research findings offer insights to entrepreneurs and ecosystem organisations regarding the current business model in digital transformation and its potential economic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catholic universities, like all universities, face a challenge in the form of the rapidly changing higher education industry. This paper offers a framework based on entrepreneurial principles to help Catholic universities think strategically about how to confront these changes. By assessing some aspects of the current moment in which such universities find themselves, this study proposes that the departure of secular academies away from the concept of the university as a center of truth-seeking oriented to the unity of knowledge and the good life, and the corresponding crisis of purpose plaguing the higher education industry offers Catholic institutions a new opportunity to position themselves as a return to the original university paradigm, a model that is suddenly rare. This paper will then consider the specific comparative advantage held by universities possessing a Catholic identity as compared to their non-Catholic counterparts. We will end by considering a few of the many ways in which this advantage can (and should) be reflected in certain aspects of the university, particularly in fundraising and allocating resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's dynamic business environment, organizations constantly change their business models to respond to emerging digital technologies and shifting customer expectations. It is a fundamental challenge to translate these changes into the organization's operating model. When organizations redesign their business models, significant adjustments to the operating model and its underlying business processes are necessary to ensure the effective delivery of the value proposition to customers. Existing research falls short in detailing how changes to the business model at the tactical level impact the operating model at the operational level. To address this gap, this paper introduces the Compass Method. This method provides guidance for decision-makers at the tactical and operational levels in identifying necessary changes to their operating model using a set of operating model design cards. The method has been developed following the design science research methodology and is grounded in extant knowledge from both business model research and process management research. Three rounds of design and evaluation of the method were completed in multiple settings. The study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between business models, operating models, and business processes, paving the way for the development of complementary methods and tools to further investigate this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing digitalization, most companies have added online retail as a new business model (BM) separate from their initial physical BM, requiring them to manage a portfolio of BMs. The literature points out that companies choose between a separation or integration strategy to manage their multiple BMs. However, business cases show that companies adopting a separation strategy may then plan for a possible integration strategy. Despite the growing knowledge in the BM portfolio literature, scholars and practitioners still lack a comprehensive understanding of the integration process of two BMs that were initially managed separately. This qualitative research draws on a cumulative multiple case study of five retailers to analyze how incumbent firms with different BMs manage their integration. We show that these firms pivoted the management of their BM portfolio. The notion of pivoting has been studied from the perspective of a single BM. In this research, we demonstrate that the process of pivoting also applies to the management of several BMs. Our results provide a generic model of the BM integration process that underlines barriers and enabling pivoting factors. Finally, by considering pivoting at this corporate level, our research adds to the ongoing discussion in strategic management regarding the way companies manage the dynamics of their BM portfolio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Technology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a time when theater companies are struggling after the COVID-19 pandemic, how is Atlanta's Out of Hand Theater booming? Echoing frameworks of Arts-Based Community Engagement and Business Model Innovation in the arts, Out of Hand produces theater on social issues for and with community partners. Their programs combine theater with other social interactions and take place in homes, businesses, schools and houses of worship. Pairing theater with information and conversation increases understanding, empathy and action around social justice, raises their visibility, and provides new income streams, making theater financially viable and increasing its community value while serving the greatest community needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfranchises (MFs), as an innovative organizational model, aim to enhance the productive capacity of the base of the pyramid (BoP) population in diverse contexts. We provide original insights into the underexplored role of MFs in the socioeconomic inclusion of victims of the conflict and former combatants in conflict settings while advancing theory-building in overlooked areas. To bridge these gaps, we use grounded theory in exploratory analysis of the total population sampling of 17 Colombian social enterprises/seven MFs financed by the United Nations Development Program and Inter-American Development Bank. Our results suggest that MFs were the most adopted organizational model in post-conflict Colombia, promoting the inclusion of victims and ex-combatants who collaboratively create contextualized solutions and prioritize community well-being, which has led to the development of a new iteration of the BoP model – BoP 4.0 - closely aligned with MFs, an innovative sustainable business typology developed. Its focus on Colombian social enterprises in post-conflict settings delimited this research. Thus, generalizing these findings beyond this context should be approached with caution. This study marks a significant contribution by revealing the pivotal role of MFs in promoting socioeconomic inclusion for victims in conflict-affected regions. Furthermore, it introduces the innovative concept of BoP 4.0, representing an evolution in sustainable business typology within the BoP framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve ambitious United Kingdom decarbonization targets, consumers will need to engage with energy services more so than they have done to date. This engagement could be active or delegated, where in the latter consumers pass responsibility for engagement to a third party in return for ceding some control over decisions. To date, insight into the barriers to consumer adoption of future business models has been limited. To address this gap this study explored benefits, risks and enabling conditions using two extreme consumer-centric business models, third Party Control and Shared Economy. The approach yielded information from stakeholders on what would have to be true for one of the business models to dominate the market. The results show substantial agreement across the expert groups on five key issues that will need to be addressed in the near-term to enable energy business model innovation in the United Kingdom market. These are: 1) Create space to enable business model innovation; 2) Ensure smart devices and data are interoperable and secure; 3) Improve the service standards of energy businesses; 4) Ensure business models work for consumers in all situations; and 5) Implement targeted carbon regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study endeavors to formulate a sustainable development-oriented model for home-based businesses catering to rural women in Guilan province. Employing a qualitative-quantitative research approach, the study is practical in its objectives and relies on survey methods for data collection. The research population encompasses two main groups: the first group involves academic professionals, scholars, and managers or experts from provincial organizations dedicated to employment and women's issues, while the second group comprises 274 purposefully sampled individuals, including owners, managers, and women affiliated with micro-credit funds in Guilan province, selected through the snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data, and the Smart-PLS software package utilized the partial least squares (PLS) technique for advanced multivariate analysis in structural equation modeling. Evaluation of the home-based business development model for rural women, based on the coefficients of the direct path, reveals that educational (β = 0.112), social (β = 0.232), economic (β = 0.274), and policymaking (β = 0.381) variables significantly influence the sustainable development of home-based businesses (P < 0.05). Notably, the policymaking variable exerts the most substantial impact. Furthermore, the model designed for sustainable development can account for 71 percent of the variance in the dependent variable. It is recommended that the government should allocate financial resources specifically for rural women house-based businesses and policies should prioritize and actively support home-based businesses, recognizing their significant impact on rural women's economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, banks are facing challenges in fulfilling the interests of stakeholders, not only from an economic point of view, but also in terms of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. This is due to the increasing concern for sustainability issues, including lending activities. Lending activities constitute the largest portion of bank assets and are the largest contributor to bank revenues. Thus, banks need certain business models and strategies to encourage sustainable lending growth; otherwise, it will be difficult for banks to fulfill stakeholder's interests and support sustainable development goals. This study aimed to build a sustainable business model and select sustainable lending strategies in state-owned banks in Indonesia using a value chain approach. The development of a sustainable business model utilizing a triple-layer business model canvas (TLBMC) is based on the results of previous research and sustainability report data of the three state-owned banks. The formulation of strategy selection as the key driver of sustainable lending utilized the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on expert respondent data collected through questionnaires. This research showed that the lending distribution business model at state-owned banks in Indonesia, which was built using the TLBMC framework, can realize sustainability goals in the form of a sustainable lending business model. Furthermore, this sustainable business model can be used as a basis for selecting sustainable strategies. In addition, the AHP results yielded alternative strategies in the form of the market development and penetration of green loans and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as the key drivers of sustainable lending growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remanufacturing is a life‐cycle renewal process recognised as one of the most effective circular strategies that can be adopted to achieve sustainable production. However, its potential has been hindered by the absence of an integrated perspective across various business domains to catalyse successful remanufacturing efforts. This paper aims to explore how such an integrated perspective can facilitate the creation of sustainable value within remanufacturing business models. To fill this gap, an in‐depth longitudinal case study was conducted on how remanufacturing practices can be effectively implemented in the white goods sector. The research identifies four fundamental mechanisms that, when used synergistically, pave the way for a successful remanufacturing approach yielding triple‐bottom‐line benefits. The study contributes to the remanufacturing literature by illustrating how (i) moving from products to solutions that fulfil customer priorities, (ii) resequencing business processes according to customer‐oriented logic, (iii) enhancing the clock‐speed of decision‐making and (iv) sharing risks within the supply chain, can unveil new strategic positioning for sustainable value creation. From a practical perspective, it advocates for the adept management of remanufacturing uncertainties through continuous, active questioning of "Who‐What‐How" choices and the cultivation of circular and organic interdependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Commerce (S-commerce) is an emerging subset of e-commerce, enabled by Web 2.0, which is getting more attention due to the growing interest in social media. Along with the worldwide penetration of smartphones, their usability is boosted via mobile applications. In this research we have investigated the components of a social commerce mobile application business model using a text-analytics approach. The data is gathered from previous journal articles, and users reviews about selected mobile applications (Facebook, Instagram, Etsy, Pinterest, TikTok). Considering mobile applications as a platform for social commerce transactions and with Osterwalder Business Model Canvas as our reference model, we have identified business model building block components and three main aspects to develop a model for social commerce mobile businesses. The proposed model is presented with 3 aspects (Social, Commercial, Technological), 9 building blocks and 26 components. Model verification is done by expert interviews and its validation is done by reviewing two businesses. We have finally looked at the results from the lens of three theories including Design Theory, Sociomateriality Theory, and Stakeholder Theory to provide theoretical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surging interest in digitalization has revitalized research for digital business model. Mobile Internet of Things (IoT) terminals will reach billions and become an important infrastructure for a digital and intelligent society. In the digital business model of IoT terminals, the electronic seal of commercial contracts are especially investigated to provide the same level security as guaranteed by the traditional seal. However, the existing electronic seal is only applicable to the centralized network applications, which severely relies on the certificate authority. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based multi-signature smart contract electronic seal scheme. The key of our design is to deploy a smart contract for business parties on Ethereum for secure electronic seal towards mobile IoT terminals. Unlike the traditional seal, this electronic seal is verified and managed collectively by all mining nodes. Combining it with optimizations in terms of a multi-signature algorithm encoded in the smart contract, our design achieves complete digital contract functionality for all business participants of terminals. As an example, we demonstrate an implementation on the Goerli testnet of the Ethereum network with the smart contract deployment. The security analysis and evaluation demonstrate that our design is secure in its multi-signature implementation and can be used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the position of chicken meat in people's food basket, the broiler industry plays a strategic role in the food security of countries. The main problem of this industry in the country is the traditional business approach of the companies. The current research aims to take a systematic look at the current state of this industry from the point of view of the business model and provide innovative solutions to improve this industry as much as possible. The current research method is the qualitative method of thematic analysis. The research community consisted of expert producers in the central province and especially in the city of Dilijan. The sampling method was judgmental and snowball, and the study continued until reaching theoretical saturation. After conducting in-depth semistructured interviews, the components of the business model canvas were extracted using open coding, basic, constructive and overarching themes. By analyzing the data, the current state of the business model in the poultry industry in each of the components of the ecosystem including customers, channels, relationships with customers, value propositions, revenue streams, cost structure, key resources, activities Key and key partners were identified. Then, based on the opinions of experts, the innovative canvas of the business was also drawn. In this regard, many innovative solutions were proposed such as new customers, different channels, various communication methods, innovation in main products, packaging. Distinctive, different proposed values, diverse income generation solutions, innovation in activities and key resources such as broiler breeding and immunogenic and therapeutic processes, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Research on the transformation of e-commerce business models in the conditions of the digital economy, analysis of the main directions of changes in business processes, as well as the determination of key differences between Internet commerce, e-commerce and online commerce, substantiation of the difference in the sources of generation of added value and identification of the factors that facilitate the transition from traditional e-commerce business models to digital ones. Methodology. When conducting the research, the trends of the development of electronic commerce and the factors contributing to their transformation in the conditions of the digital economy were revealed by the method of formal analysis. Findings. This study presents an analysis of trends and factors affecting the development of digital commerce and the transformation of digital commerce business models. The directions of integration of digital technologies into business processes and strategic aspects of the implementation of digital solutions into business practice are substantiated. The key factors that contribute to the transformation of e-commerce business models into digital commerce business models are identified, in particular, in the creation and implementation of new business models that allow for effective adaptation to the conditions of the digital economy. It is found that the economic basis of transformations of business models is the sources of creation of added value. It has been proven that digital technologies, which form the basis of e-business, are carriers and main sources of added value creation, which is reflected in business monetization models. The impact of artificial intelligence on the prospects and further development of digital commerce business models is analyzed. Originality. The scientific novelty obtained as a result of this research consists in the definition and substantiation of a new factor – added value, which is the main factor influencing the transformation of e-commerce business models into a digital commerce business model, which takes place under the influence of the digital economy. The novelty of the obtained research results in terms of substantiation of added value as a factor of transformation is proven by confirming the hypothesis that the formation of ecommerce business models and their transformation into digital commerce models take place under the influence of digital sources of added value creation. Practical value. The value is defined in the single directions of obtaining additional value in business models of digital commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PT Prima Kelola IPB business application currently does not have an optimal business model so the right strategy is needed to develop the business model. Purpose: The objectives of this study are to analyze the current business model through a Business Model Canvas mapping (BMC) approach, determine three priority elements on BMC, compile an improvement business model canvas, and formulate alternative strategies to develop. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this study is the Business Model Canvas approach, Importance Performance Analysis, and SWOT analysis. Findings/Result: The results of this study show that the three priority elements selected on BMC are customer segment, key activities, and key partnerships. Based on the results of SWOT analysis and FGD, the formulated alternative strategies are: 1) creating a strategic alliance for all IPB University in seeking projects; 2) expansion of collaboration with alumni network abroad to reach global markets; 3) optimizing the network by adding expertise, lecturers, practitioners, suppliers, other partners. Conclusion: The development of this business model is expected to be able to encourage the company's portfolio efforts to be maximized in increasing business volume, increasing operational efficiency, and increasing the market reach of PT Prima Kelola IPB through strategic steps that can be taken in this research. Originality/value (State of the art): This research contributes to the limited discourse in the literature on business development strategies of IPB University's subsidiaries by integrating SWOT and AHP methods to produce alternative strategies as a step for companies to develop new business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Covid-19 outbreak has created a situation in which most businesses now think of survival as a return. With the end of this crisis, they will not necessarily return to the pre-crisis period. The present study designs a strategy model to cope with industrial crises caused by the outbreak of common viruses. The meta-synthesis method was used to obtain a comprehensive combination of the factors of the strategy model to cope with the industrial crises caused by the outbreak of common viruses. To use this research method, Sandelowski, and Barroso’s seven-step method was used. The primary question of the present study is ”What are the criteria of the strategy model to cope with the industrial crises caused by the outbreak of common viruses?” Also, based on the previous studies, the present study performs an in-depth analysis of these factors in the international and national spaces and presents a classification of them. The research process is implemented as follows. The tests were categorized and coded using MAXQDA software. According to the literature and the background of the study and the results obtained, the factors of the strategy model to cope with the industrial crises caused by the outbreak of common viruses include organizational environmental factors, organizational crisis management, organizational resource management, organizational marketing, and customer-related strategies, organizational business model, organizational capabilities, organization human resource management, and organizational information management. In this regard, the category of environmental factors was ranked first, the category of organizational crisis management was ranked second, and the category of marketing was ranked third. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart city concept has entered the public debate over the last decade as a concept for the development of urban space for the efficiency, improvement and availability of public and private services and sustainability. The Business Models Canvas is most often used in the literature for the creation of business models of smart services. On the basis of the above, we investigated whether the Business Models Canvas is the most used tool for creating business models for public smart services in Slovakia and whether cities and municipalities need to evaluate their models for the provision of public smart services. However, there is no commonly used methodology for evaluating smart city business models to help both practitioners and researchers choose the best option. The goal of the research is to create a tool for evaluating business models of public smart services in smart cities. The base method used was the Delphi method, based on the previous primary (content) analysis process of the Business Model Canvas best practices. In total, 709 towns and villages participated in the primary research. Subsequently, the obtained data were evaluated and used for further research using the Delphi method, in which 28 experts participated. The research was carried out between 2020 and 2023 in Slovakia. Primary research confirmed that the Business Models Canvas is the most used tool for creating business models for public smart services in Slovakia and cities and municipalities need to evaluate their models for the provision of public smart services. Areas and basic building blocks were also identified for the design of the evaluation methodology of business models for public smart services. The proposal of the methodology for evaluating business smodels for public smart services in Slovakia was implemented using the Delphi method with the cooperation of 28 experts. Based on the results of the Delphi method, a methodological procedure for evaluating business models for public smart services was established. The methodology proposed in the paper is a simple, organized, flexible and transparent system that facilitates the work of evaluators of business models of public smart services and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any sharing mobility service aims to make urban mobility sustainable to help reduce environmental impacts and improve the quality of life for all in cities. Many transport services are not currently self-sustainable. The Life for Silver Coast (LifeSC) opened its mobility services on 22 May 2021 and offered electric mobility services during the summer for a few cities in Tuscany. E-bikes and e-scooters can be financially neutral, and even profitable, thanks to the low costs of the vehicles, but they only see a high utilization rate in winter. Shared electric cars, meanwhile, are not profitable. A new shared service that is viable must be profitable to become widely adopted and significantly contribute to sustainability. A few key characteristics have been identified, and one has been tested with a new business model that combines ride-sharing and car-sharing. The innovative Ride Sharing Algorithm (RSA) has been tested based on data from a potential city, Monterondo, where many commuters travel daily to Rome by train. The Italian census and local survey data allowed for the simulation of the scheduling of vehicle rides and an evaluation of the economic results, which could be positive if enough interest for such a system exists among the people, as at least 400 commuters from Monterotondo go to the train station daily in the morning and return in the afternoon. Such a transport demand would justify a new commercial sharing service by using the model tested with the RSA algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Economic Science is the property of Modern Economic Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to increasing digitalization, most companies have added online retail as a new business model (BM) separate from their initial physical BM, requiring them to manage a portfolio of BMs. The literature points out that companies choose between a separation or integration strategy to manage their multiple BMs. However, business cases show that companies adopting a separation strategy may then plan for a possible integration strategy. Despite the growing knowledge in the BM portfolio literature, scholars and practitioners still lack a comprehensive understanding of the integration process of two BMs that were initially managed separately. This qualitative research draws on a cumulative multiple case study of five retailers to analyze how incumbent firms with different BMs manage their integration. We show that these firms pivoted the management of their BM portfolio.The notion of pivoting has been studied from the perspective of a single BM. In this research, we demonstrate that the process of pivoting also applies to the management of several BMs. Our results provide a generic model of the BM integration process that underlines barriers and enabling pivoting factors. Finally, by considering pivoting at this corporate level, our research adds to the ongoing discussion in strategic management regarding the way companies manage the dynamics of their BM portfolio.

[Introduction] In order to achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", it is imperative for the transportation industry to transition towards greening and low-carbon development. The integration of transportation and energy is one of the important technological paths to achieve the strategic goal in the transportation sector, and the investment decision-making model and business model enhance the momentum of the development of the transportation and energy integration.[Method] Therefore, this paper analyzed the composition of investment estimation and decision-making points, proposed economic evaluation indexes and environmental benefit indexes, constructed an investment decision-making model, and explored the business model of transportation and energy integration in terms of the development path, framework, and the conception of typical scenes.[Result] By analyzing the investment feasibility of typical projects of transportation and energy integration, the validity of the transportation and energy integration investment model presented in this paper is verified. Based on the classification of regions according to China's solar resource conditions, the promotion of China's transportation and energy integration model is divided into three types: single-industry integration promotion region, multi-industry integration promotion region, and industry cluster integration promotion region. The development of the business model of transportation and energy integration is divided into three stages of cultivation, upgrading and innovation, and the market positioning, investment and financing subjects and methods, operation methods and profit mechanism of different stages are analyzed, so as to summarize and form the typical scenarios of the business model at different stages, and to realize the continuous upgrading of the business model.[Conclusion] The investment decision-making model for transportation and energy integration proposed in this paper helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of investors' decision-making, and the business model helps to promote the market-oriented development of transportation and energy integration.

Abstract This study endeavors to formulate a sustainable development-oriented model for home-based businesses catering to rural women in Guilan province. Employing a qualitative-quantitative research approach, the study is practical in its objectives and relies on survey methods for data collection. The research population encompasses two main groups: the first group involves academic professionals, scholars, and managers or experts from provincial organizations dedicated to employment and women’s issues, while the second group comprises 274 purposefully sampled individuals, including owners, managers, and women affiliated with micro-credit funds in Guilan province, selected through the snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data, and the Smart-PLS software package utilized the partial least squares (PLS) technique for advanced multivariate analysis in structural equation modeling. Evaluation of the home-based business development model for rural women, based on the coefficients of the direct path, reveals that educational (β = 0.112), social (β = 0.232), economic (β = 0.274), and policymaking (β = 0.381) variables significantly influence the sustainable development of home-based businesses (P

The prospect of solving ‘grand challenges’ through technological innovation justifies the interest shown in deep-tech start-ups. These companies develop technological solutions, which they then seek to implement on a massive scale during their scale-up phase. They nevertheless encounter difficulties at this stage, which starts with the validation of their business model. This research supplements the results reported in the literature on business models in the scale-up phase, with a design-oriented approach, which is better suited to the case of technology companies. Based on intervention research carried out in an urban agriculture deep-tech start-up, an axiomatic design tool is used to highlight the importance of distinguishing between the validation of elements of the business model and their preservation. This ensures that the deep-tech start-up’s subsequent developments are aligned with the goals of resolving major challenges.