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The change in modern information technology has brought new development opportunities to all walks of life, and the supply chain management mode of industrial and commercial enterprises has gradually shifted from management based on historical experience to management relying on information data. This paper combines the problems of inventory cost optimization and vehicle route scheduling optimization in the supply chain management of industrial and commercial enterprises and develops the supply chain innovation management system of industrial and commercial enterprises under the framework of a smart city. The proposed DES_RSA hybrid encryption method is proposed to ensure the timeliness and security of the information transmission process of the smart supply chain management system. During the interface test of the purchase order paging request, the system test revealed that the supply chain management system had a 0.00% error rate. The results of the application practice of Company H show that after the application of the supply chain innovation management system, the growth rate of Company H’s operating costs continued to decline, the expense margin rose by 8.50% in two years, and the trend of customer satisfaction also shows a significant increase. The application value of the business enterprise supply chain management system designed in this paper is high, which can achieve efficient management of the business enterprise supply chain.

Scientific beekeeping can be a potential and possible emerging entrepreneurial option for the smallholders’ livelihood security. It stimulates economic transformation, helps in economic and nutritional security and enhances ecological resilience as emphasized by Hon’ble Prime Minister of India in his 91st episode of Mann Ki Baat, aired on 31 July 2022. The present study has examined the critical factors responsible for the success of beekeeping under various farming systems with a focus on individual/group beekeepers. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, the study was conducted with a sample size of 40 individual beekeepers and 40 group beekeepers (comprising of 2,221 members) selected purposively from 26 States/UTs covering 56 districts of the country. Middle aged beekeepers (47.50%) within the range of 35–50 years were observed to be more enthusiastic for beekeeping enterprise showing optimal gender discrimination with the male dominance of 92% and 77% in case of individual and group, respectively. Capacity built by KVKs with before and after Mann Ki Baat episodes facilitations, was perceived to be inspiring 32.50% individual and 25% group beekeepers to venture agri-business enterprise in beekeeping. In case of marketing of honey and honey-based products, middlemen intervention was more in case of individual (22%) as compared to group (6%), whereas the group (24%) had a better dominance in online marketing system than the individual (8%). Beekeeping proved to be a profitable enterprise as the group farmers earned a net income of ₹1,28,328 and the individual beekeepers with a net income of ₹92,947 per 50 bee hives with B:C ratio of 1.45 and 1.55, respectively. This has also been in tune of Hon’ble Prime Minister’s emphasis on beekeeping as an alternative source of income for sustainable livelihood highlighted at the national conclave on natural farming on 16 December 2021. The study also revealed that ‘pesticide residual problems’, ‘low level of knowledge on honey quality parameters’ and ‘lack of proper storage facility’ were some of the major obstacles faced by the individual and group beekeeping enterprises. The paper also accentuates on the challenges faced by the beekeeping sector and suggests strategies for its expansion as a viable business enterprise.

Purpose: By engaging with recent debates between management historians over social constructionism, this paper aims to show the merits of adopting a new realist ontology of the business enterprise. In contrast with ANTi-History, the purpose is to provide a philosophically rigorous conception of social objects and to argue that enterprises are a member of this category. Design/methodology/approach: Insights from Maurizio Ferraris's documentality theory and Graham Harman's philosophy of social objects are used to identify the ontological forming ground and developmental pathway of an Antipodean stevedoring company that operated prior to the deregulation of New Zealand's ports in 1989. Findings: With regard to social entities in general and firms in particular, continental philosophy's resurgent realist movement provides a history-aware social ontology that incorporates the grain of truth lying within social constructionism. As exemplified by the writings of Ferraris and Harman, realism provides a viable conception of social objects and, in so doing, a more coherent ontological foundation for the business enterprise than the relational ontology embraced by management history ANTians. Originality/value: By drawing on two realist perspectives hitherto neglected by management historians, this paper resolves disagreements about the ontology of the business enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female agricultural workers play an important role in feeding the world; hence, there is a need to encourage females in agricultural enterprises of developing countries. This study specifically identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the participants, their degree of participation, the constraints to their participation, as well as the benefits of and the level of commercialization of participants as a result of the AIC programme. This study employed a simple random sampling technique to collect data from 156 beneficiaries of the programme. Ordered probit regression and descriptive analysis were used in the analysis. The findings of the study show that the majority of the beneficiaries (75.6%) were involved in livestock production. The ordered probit regression model produced a good fit for the data and the computed F value was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The study, therefore, concluded that the programme motivates female subsistence farmers to advance to large-scale farming. The study recommends that the programme in North West province should be further strengthened and expanded to accommodate and encourage more females to participate in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purchase channels and certificate and ticket system of cosmetic enterprises were studied through the investigation of cosmetic enterprises in Hebei province of China. The results show that manufacturers (including registrants and filing applicants) account for 41.3% of the purchase channels, agents account for 56.41%, wholesale markets account for 8.6%, e-commerce platforms account for 5.4%, franchise brand headquarters account for 24.17%, and others account for 3.2%; the results also show some problems, such as incomplete or expired qualifications of business enterprises, hidden dangers in inspection on labels and poor implementation of purchase inspection system. The results show that it is necessary to improve the relevant laws and regulations for cosmetics market, strengthen the publicity of policies and regulations, set a reasonable transition period for regulations and policies, strengthen the professional training of law enforcement personnel and strengthen special inspections in supervision of cosmetic enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerns the first two years (1992-1993) of the formation of commercial broadcasting in Ukraine. It studies the factors that influenced the creation of the first commercial radio stations, which gradually attempted to switch from a “game mode” to the broadcasting business and business entrepreneurship. The activity of the first ten commercial radio companies is studied by means of systematization, content analysis, generalization and other methods. The authors of the article offer the documented time of the first airwaves of each company mentioned (from the authors‟ personal archives). The role that these stations played in the formation of commercial private broadcasting in Ukraine is analyzed. Additional information is given about the creation of the Association of Private Radio Stations in Ukraine which was intended to unite commercial radio stations. The minute of the seminar “Local Radio” is published for the first time. The meeting with the head officers of the radio stations present was organized by the public organization International Media Center – Internews (Ukraine) and by the training center British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, England) from May 20 to June 3, 1994 in Pushcha-Vodytsia near Kyiv. It was there where they decided to create the association. One of the radio projects of MMC-Internews “Interview from Internews” is examined. It may be considered as the first radio project unifying commercial radio stations, and also the first student radio project at the private radio station in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study facts and documents (from the authors‟ personal archive) certifying the dialectic progress of Ukrainian commercial broadcasting from the so-called “musical patchwork” to the transformation into a profitable means of mass communication.

This study is an inquiry into the role of traditional social structures and values in developing, nurturing and growing business enterprises in Africa, even under drastic conditions of a failed state, a fragmented war-torn society and transnational refugeeism. The study focuses on exploring the dominant patterns of capital mobilization, investment and entrepreneurship practiced by the bulk of the Somali refugee community in the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi, including the advantages, limitations, challenges and opportunities of any observed patterns and processes.

The General Data Protection Regulation is related to fundamental changes in business enterprises as they need to radically rethink how to process customers' personal data. The following principles of personal data protection have been established: the principle of lawfulness, fairness and transparency; purpose limitation in data handling; the data minimisation principle; the principle of periodicity; the principle of storage limitation; the principle of integrity and confidentiality; and the principle of responsibility. The study revealed problem areas in the implementation of the personal data protection policy in the business enterprise: ensuring management of access to personal data; informing individuals about the nature of the use of their personal data; and development of a description of the procedure for rules on a new consent to the use of personal data. Hiring external experts and leader support in implementing the personal data policy in the organization are to be assessed as the enterprise's weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crime of human trafficking is a complex phenomenon that is often affected by a wide range of social, economic, political, and cultural aspects. To fully understand the crime of human trafficking, one must analyze the crime from multiple domains or perspectives. However, the human trafficking literature generally focused on aspects such as causal factors, victimization, and policy response, while other aspects like migration, the market system or the perpetrators that involved in the crime are given little attention. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to review the existing literature on human trafficking which includes a discussion on the connection between human trafficking and migration, human trafficking as a business enterprise, human trafficking and organized crime, as well as human trafficking from other contexts such as human rights, feminism, and security. The literature review comprised extensive information collected from 134 books, articles, academic papers, and policy documents with most of them are from the year 2010 and above. The review found a great deal of work on human trafficking that focused on deliberating the crime as an effect of irregular migration of people from the source countries to the destination countries. Besides, the review also indicate that the crime of human trafficking is nurtured by three important factors, namely the supply of potential victims for exploitation in the source countries, the constant demand for trafficked victims in the destination countries, and the presence of organized crime groups who act as intermediaries in supplying the victims to the end-users. Overall, it shows that the crime of human trafficking is business-oriented and profit-driven activity.

The article proposes a new look at J. M. Bocheński's OP classical philosophical concept of the business enterprise as a "system" (presented in the text Zur Philosophie der industriellen Unternehmung). The referred author analyzed the industrial enterprise - or business enterprise - from the logic and ontological perspective. The discourses conducted in the article focus mainly on: the significance of Bocheński's model (1), the ontological perspective and the author's references to Aristotelian terms (2), the reservations and objections to the concept (especially regarding the role of ownership) (3), the possibilities of extending the analysis and new interpretations of the concept, with regard to the idea of entrepreneur's contribution to the common good (4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A competitive modern business enterprise needs to respond quickly and flexibly to any changes occurring on the market environment, i. e. focus on prospective competitors and keep in mind growing customer requirements. Human resource management, in particular management expertise in business, are basic requirements in modern business organizations and it has become the key factors ensuring a company’s efficiency and dynamic progress. This paper presents a theoretical approach to human resource management focusing on the strategic development of commercial enterprise. The article likewise provides an overview over empirical research conducted in this field, particularly in the sphere of professional competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]