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Abstract Water is a basic resource for the survival of human beings, however, not everyone has access to this resource and they look for ways to survive under unfavorable conditions; for this purpose, environmental education focused on water safety consumption is fundamental to improve their habits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in homes in rural areas that lack access to drinking water and is supplied by surface wells. A pre-experimental quantitative methodology was used that involves three stages: diagnosis, educational intervention and evaluation. The results showed that the educational intervention had significant changes in knowledge and water safety consumption habits (p < 0.001), furthermore learning persisted after the educational intervention and habits continued to improve; also, it was identified that there were no significant differences in gender and educational level. It is concluded that implementing short-term environmental education programmes contributes to bringing about change in vulnerable populations that do not have access to safe drinking water.

Abstract Objective To determine if maternal erythrocytosis is a risk factor for small-for-gestational age at term at 3,400-m altitude in pregnant women without intercurrent disease. Methods Analytical study of retrospective cohorts at Cusco, a city at 3,400-m altitude. Our participants were 224 and 483 pregnant women with and without exposure to maternal erythrocytosis, respectively. A logistic regression with the goodness of fit to the proposed model was also performed with the Hosmer and Lemeshow test, evaluating the small-for-gestational-age results with or without exposure to hemoglobin >14.5 g/dl. Results The incidence of small-for-gestational-age was 6.9% for this entire cohort. The maternal erythrocytosis during gestation without any maternal morbidity at 3,400-m altitude has an ORa=0.691 (p=0.271) for small-for-gestational-age at term. Inadequate prenatal control has an ORa=2.115 (p=0.016) for small-for-gestational-age compared to adequate prenatal control. Conclusion Maternal erythrocytosis in pregnant women without any morbidity is not a risk factor for small-for-gestational-age at 3,400 m-altitude.

ABSTRACT: Introduction/Objective: Any change and strategic advertising and/or commercial planning carried out by means of digital media is called digital marketing, which helps universities to position themselves, which is why Peruvian universities create and share relevant content on digital platforms. The objective of this study is to determine how digital marketing affects the positioning of Peruvian universities. Methodology: A quantitative approach and a deductive, non-experimental research design were used. A survey instrument was applied to 433 students studying at the Universidad Continental (located in Arequipa, Cusco, Huancayo, and Lima), and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) model was used, a multivariate statistical method for analysing the independent variable of digital marketing and the dependent variable of positioning. Results: The study found that the variation in units of Customer Acquisition, Customer Conversion, and Content Distribution generates a variation in positioning of 0.36, 0.24, and 0.20 units, respectively. Conclusions: Customer Acquisition is the most determining factor for positioning, followed by Conversion and, finally, Content Distribution. Additionally, it is established that Customer Acquisition primarily impacts the Service level, while Content Distribution has a greater influence on the Staff level. RESUMEN: Introducción/objetivo: Todo cambio y planificación estratégico publicitario o comercial que se realice en los medios digitales se denomina marketing digital, lo que ayuda a las universidades a posicionarse, por lo que las universidades peruanas crean y comparten contenido relevante en las plataformas digitales. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar cómo el marketing digital afecta la posición de las universidades peruanas. Metodología: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño de investigación fue deductivo, no experimental. Se aplicó la herramienta de encuesta a 433 estudiantes que estudian en la Universidad Continental (Arequipa, Cusco, Huancayo y Lima), y el modelo utilizado es el de Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), un método estadístico multivariado para analizar la variable independiente marketing digital y la variable dependiente posicionamiento. Resultados: El estudio tuvo como resultado que la variación en unidades de captación de clientes, conversión del cliente y distribución de contenidos genera una variación en el posicionamiento de 0.36, 0.24, y 0.20 unidades respectivamente. Conclusiones: la adquisición de clientes es el factor más determinante para el posicionamiento, seguido por la conversión y, finalmente, la distribución de contenido. Además, se establece que la adquisición de clientes impacta principalmente el nivel de servicio, mientras que la distribución de contenido influye más en el nivel de personal.

La universidad es fundamental para la formación de competencias académicas, donde los docentes juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de empoderamiento académico en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de pregrado de la Escuela Profesional de Educación Física de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano en 2024. El estudio fue de tipo aplicado y utilizó un diseño pre-experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por 441 estudiantes, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 25 (6 mujeres y 19 varones, con una edad promedio de 22.18 ± 3.56 años). La técnica utilizada fue la observación. Los instrumentos fueron el programa de empoderamiento y un cuestionario de habilidades investigativas, con una confiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.89. Se aplicaron pruebas de pre y post test al grupo experimental. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo en los niveles de habilidades investigativas. En el pretest, el 48% de los estudiantes se ubicó en el nivel bajo, el 52% en el medio, y el 0% en el alto. En el post test, el 0% permaneció en el nivel bajo, el 16% en el medio, y el 84% alcanzó el nivel alto. La prueba t para muestras emparejadas mostró un valor de p < 0.00 con un nivel de confianza del 95%, evidenciando diferencias significativas. Se concluye que el programa de empoderamiento académico tiene efectos significativos en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas, como lo evidencian las diferencias de medias obtenidas.

Summary: CombiVacS study has demonstrated a strong immune response of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccine combination. The primary outcomes of the study were to assess the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, 28 days after a third dose of a mRNA vaccine, in subjects that received a previous prime-boost scheme with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2. Secondary outcomes extended the study to 3 and 6 months. The third vaccine dose of mRNA-1273 in naive participants previously vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 regimen reached higher neutralizing antibodies titers against the variants of concern Delta and BA.1 lineage of Omicron compared with those receiving a third dose of BNT162b2 at day 28. These differences between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 arms were observed against the ancestral variant G614 at day 90. Suboptimal neutralizing response was observed against BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9, and JN.1 in a relevant proportion of individuals 180 days after the third dose, even after asymptomatic Omicron breakthrough infections. EudraCT (2021-001978-37); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04860739).

El fenómeno de la violencia a la mujer, viene acrecentándose con el pasar de las décadas; es por eso que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la gestión del Centro de Emergencia Mujer (CEM) del Distrito del Puno en la calidad de vida de las mujeres peruanas víctimas de violencia durante el año 2022. Metodológicamente la investigación fue trabajada con el enfoque cuantitativo sustentada en el análisis teórico con diseño de investigación no experimental. El instrumento de recolección de información fue el cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 164 mujeres usuarias del CEM. Los resultados revelan que las mujeres víctimas de violencia reconoce el impacto de la gestión del CEM en su calidad de vida principalmente en la dimensión del bienestar emocional, seguida por el bienestar social y el desarrollo personal. Se concluye que el papel institucional del CEM del Puno y los principios organizativos que guían a este tipo de instituciones determinan el reconocimiento como una instancia clave en la atención de la salud de las mujeres peruanas.

Discharge of domestic, industrial, and commercial wastewater into water bodies, exposes the population to emerging contaminants, such as caffeine and surfactants, which, when present in small quantities, cause changes in the physicochemical parameters of the water. The research aimed to evaluate the level of caffeine, organic matter, and anionic surfactants in the water of the micro-basin of the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Apurimac. Sampling was carried out during low water and flood periods, and the physicochemical characteristics of the water were evaluated. The results were compared, with the environmental regulations for Peruvian water bodies, which showed that pH, water color, nitrite, COD, DO, BOD5, and total phosphorus exceeded the levels established in the ECA-Peru. Likewise, the analysis according to the degree of biodegradability indicated that the waters of the Chumbao River are biodegradable and not very contaminated for the most part. The maximum surfactant concentration was 1.01 mg/L in both study seasons. As for caffeine, it presented maximum value of 52.22 μg/L during the dry season. The physicochemical properties analyzed were influenced by wastewater dischargers from different origins, with caffeine and surfactants being the indicators of contamination from anthropogenic sources.

Abstract Patients suffering from connective tissue disorders like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type/joint hypermobility syndrome (EDS-HT/JHS) may be affected by craniocervical instability (CCI). These patients experience myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue, depression, extreme occipital-cervical pain, and severe widespread pain that is difficult to relieve with opioids. This complex and painful condition can be explained by the development of chronic neuroinflammation, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and central sensitization. Given the challenges in treating such severe physical pain, we evaluated all the analgesic methods previously used in the perioperative setting, and updated information was presented. It covers important physiopathological aspects for the perioperative care of patients with EDS-HT/JHS and CCI undergoing occipital-cervical/thoracic fixation/fusion. Moreover, a change of paradigm from the current opioid-based management of anesthesia/analgesia in these patients to the perioperative opioid minimization strategies used by the authors was analyzed and proposed as follow-up considerations from our previous case series. These strategies are based on total-intravenous opioid-free anesthesia, multimodal analgesia, and a postoperative combination of anti-hyperalgesic coadjuvants (lidocaine, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine) with an opioid-sparing effect.

Abstract Mining environmental liabilities generate environmental pollution. The objective of the present study was to determine the yield of white clover (Trifolium repens) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) cultivated in mining environmental passives adding black earth and compost as a substrate in the Buenaventura Julcani Huancavelica Company. The treatments were the combinations: 4: 3.1: 3.1: 3:1.1 kg of RP: RP, TN: RP, C: RP, TN, C respectively. They were distributed in four treatments with twelve experimental units for each species of leguminous and gramineous grass, we worked according to the completely randomized design (DCA) with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, the experimental unit being a treatment with twelve repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination percentage (TG) and stem survival percentage (TST). For the statistical analysis, the SPSS software was used.

Introduction/Purpose: Inclusive economic growth is a concept that has taken on importance in recent years globally; however, it has scarcely been studied in Peru. This research aims to know if there exists a positive relationship between inclusive economic growth and international trade in Peru in the period 2000-2021. Methodology: Inclusive economic growth was measured using the pillars of growth and development (per capita GDP, labour productivity, employment, and life expectancy) and inclusion (income concentration and poverty) of the Inclusive Development Index (IDI) proposed by the World Economic Forum. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was used to perform the regressions. Findings: The results show that the growth of International Trade in Peru has a positive relationship with two of the indicators of inclusive economic growth analysed: real GDP per capita and Vulnerable Employment. In contrast, it has a negative relationship with Labour Productivity. There is no statistical significance for the Poverty variable. Furthermore, there is no cointegration between Peruvian International Trade and Life Expectancy at Birth or Income Distribution. Conclusions: Therefore, it is concluded that inclusive economic growth has a positive relationship with Peruvian International Trade. The study focuses on four development pillars and two inclusion pillars, so the analysis will serve to propose policies that promote inclusive economic growth in Peru. RESUMEN Introducción/Objetivo: el crecimiento económico inclusivo es un concepto de vital importancia recientemente a escala mundial; sin embargo, apenas se ha estudiado en el Perú. El objetivo es conocer la relación del crecimiento económico inclusivo y el comercio internacional del Perú en el período 2000-2021. Metodología: el crecimiento económico inclusivo se midió utilizando los pilares de crecimiento y desarrollo (PIB per cápita, productividad laboral, empleo y esperanza de vida) e inclusión (concentración del ingreso y pobreza) del índice de desarrollo inclusivo (IDI) propuesto por el Foro Económico Mundial. Para realizar las regresiones se utilizó el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO). Resultados: los resultados evidencian que el crecimiento del comercio internacional del Perú tiene una relación positiva con dos de los siete indicadores del crecimiento económico inclusivo analizados, que son, PIB per cápita real, y empleo vulnerable. En contraparte, posee una relación negativa con la productividad laboral. No se encuentra significancia estadística para la variable pobreza. No existe cointegración entre el comercio internacional peruano y la esperanza de vida al nacer ni la distribución de los ingresos. Conclusiones: por tanto, finalmente concluimos que el crecimiento económico inclusivo es afectado por el crecimiento del comercio internacional peruano. El estudio se enfoca en cuatro pilares de desarrollo y dos pilares de inclusión, por lo que el análisis servirá como apoyo para plantear políticas que fomenten el crecimiento económico inclusivo en el Perú.

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of rhizobium and gibberellin on the production of hydroponic green forage from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) variety quiñequeli, four variables were measured: plant height, biomass weight, grass weight and root weight. The treatments were T0: 0%, T1: 10%, T2: 20%, T3: 30% and T4: 40% of Rhizobium before germination and Gibberellin T0: 0g, T1: 2.4g; T2: 3.3g; T3: 4.3 and T4: 5.3g each treatment with 6 repetitions, three applications on days 5, 10, 15 and 20 of growth. Data were analyzed with DCA, ANOVA and DUNCAN's multiple comparisons test; the results obtained were: first measurement with rhizobium without gibberellin there were no statistical differences, second and third measurement with Gibberellin application did not present statistical differences and the fourth measurement presented statistical difference (α=0.05), average height of the plant with a mean of 12.82 cm, T4 was higher, in biomass a statistical difference was obtained with a mean of 3.056 kg, T3 was higher, weight of grass and root did not present statistical differences; concluding that the use of rhizobium and gibberellin could be a usable alternative in the production of hydroponic green fodder, to alleviate the problems of fodder scarcity in dry season, its use being recommended in high Andean livestock.

Las competencias investigativas son el dominio de actitudes cognitivas puestas en prácticas por los estudiantes. El objetivo fue analizar la validez de constructo de una rúbrica analítica para evaluar las competencias investigativas de estudiantes de posgrado. Docentes asesores evaluaron 260 tesis mediante la rúbrica. El análisis de validez de constructo se efectuó mediante un proceso de validación cruzada entre el análisis factorial exploratorio, que es una técnica estadística que explora con precisión las dimensiones subyacentes de las variables latentes de las variables observadas y el análisis factorial comprobatorio, que encuadra los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, analizando las relaciones entre los indicadores de las variables observadas y las variables latentes. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio mostraron correspondencia con la propuesta teórica, donde un solo factor explicó el 51% de la varianza que fue representado por la totalidad de ítems. La evaluación de este modelo mediante el análisis factorial comprobatorio reveló un buen ajuste (X2/gl: 2.197; RMSA: 0,085; GFI: 0,902; CFI: 0,932; TLI: 0,912), y se encontró evidencia de validez convergente (CFE>0,50; CC: 0,902; VME: 0,464). La confiabilidad de la rúbrica fue óptima (α=0,903). Se concluye que el constructo formulado está representado en la estructura del instrumento.

Abstract The main objective of this study is to model the concentration of ozone in the winter season on air quality through machine learning algorithms, detecting its impact on population health. The study area involves four monitoring stations: Ate, San Borja, Santa Anita and Campo de Marte, all located in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Exploratory, correlational and predictive approaches are presented. The exploratory results showed that ATE is the station with the highest prevalence of ozone pollution. Likewise, in an hourly scale analysis, the pollution peaks were reported at 00:00 and 14:00. Finally, the machine learning models that showed the best predictive capacity for adjusting the ozone concentration were the linear regression and support vector machine.

En varias ocasiones cuando se vende un automovil de segunda mano no se sabe el precio exacto por varios factores, con lo cual puede ser vendido a menos o más valor del que en realidad vale, generando pérdidas tanto a los compradores como a los vendedores que intentan calcular el valor por intuición o con su conocimiento en autos, pero está a veces falla. Entonces con ayuda de organizar los datos en una base de datos, y compararlos con ayuda de un software, así pudimos conseguir un precio mucho más preciso, esto tomando en cuenta diferentes factores que podrian modificar el precio del auto, como el tiempo de uso calidad de las distintas piezas, entre otros, logrando un precio mucho más preciso que al solo usar intuición.

Abstract Instead of typical household trash, the heavy metal complexes, organic chemicals, and other poisons produced by huge enterprises threaten water systems across the world. In order to protect our drinking water from pollution, we must keep a close eye on the situation. Nanotechnology, specifically two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, is used in certain wastewater treatment systems. Graphene, g-C3N4, MoS2, and MXene are just a few examples of emerging 2D nanomaterials that exhibit an extraordinary ratio of surface (m3), providing material consumption, time consumption, and treatment technique for cleaning and observing water. In this post, we'll talk about the ways in which 2D nanomaterials may be tuned to perform certain functions, namely how they can be used for water management. The following is a quick overview of nanostructured materials and its possible use in water management: Also discussed in length are the applications of 2D nanomaterials in water purification, including pollutant adsorption, filtration, disinfection, and photocatalysis. Fluorescence sensors, colorimetric, electrochemical, and field-effect transistors are only some of the devices being studied for their potential use in monitoring water quality using 2D nanomaterials. Utilizing 2D content has its benefits and pitfalls when used to water management. New developments in this fast-expanding business will boost water treatment quality and accessibility in response to rising awareness of the need of clean, fresh water among future generations.

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La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha transformado las formas de relacionarse del ser humano, por lo cual esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir la gestión social de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en tiempos de pandemia por parte de los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Sociología, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno-2020. Metodológicamente la investigación se concibe desde el paradigma cuantitativo en nivel descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental, siendo de tipo aplicada. Los resultados demuestran un importante nivel de gestión social en lo que a tecnologías de información y comunicación se refiere durante la época de confinamiento social y obligatorio, lo cual es fundamental para un adecuado clima de convivencia familiar y trabajo colaborativo. Las conclusiones indican que las tecnologías de información y comunicación han formado parte fundamental en el proceso de adaptación y reinvención de las formas de comunicarse y relacionarse del ser humano. No obstante, su uso excesivo y descontrolado puede conllevar a una disrupción en el entorno donde se desarrolla.