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Abstract Aiming at understanding the source of the fluids that mineralizing within seismically active fault zones, we investigate the noble gas isotopes (i.e., helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar)) in the fluid inclusions (FIs) trapped in the calcite veins sampled along high‐angle fault zones of the Contursi hydrothermal basin, southern Italy. The latter basin lies in close vicinity of the MW = 6.9, 1980 Irpinia earthquake and exposes numerous fault scarps dissecting Mesozoic shallow‐water carbonates. The analyses of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar) are conducted to identify the origin of the volatiles circulating along the faults at the time of calcite precipitation. Then, outcomes of this discussions are compared with currently outgassing of deep‐sourced CO2 coupled to mantle‐derived He in that area, whose output is larger than those from some volcanic areas worldwide. The results indicate that He in FIs is dominated by a crustal radiogenic component (4He), and by an up to 20% of a mantle‐derived component (3He), with a highest isotopic signature of 1.38 Ra. This value is consistent with the highest percentage of mantle‐derived He associated to high‐flux CO2 gas emission in the investigated area (1.41 Ra). We propose that the variability of the He isotopic signature measured in primary FIs can result from early trapping of fluid inclusions or post trapping processes and seismic activity that modify the pristine He isotopic signature (i.e., derived from the crust and/or mantle) in groundwater along the faults during periods of background seismicity. Such investigations are fundamental to understand fluid migration in fault systems and the role of fluids in processes of earthquake nucleation.

Objectives: Few studies have examined the role of prostate MRI in patients with suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or PSA > 10 ng/mL. In a cohort of non-screened patients with suspicious DRE, we investigated the rate of avoidable prostate biopsies and potentially missed clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with negative MRI, and the concordance between targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) in detecting csPCa with positive MRI. Methods: We retrospectively examined 199 biopsy-naïve patients with suspicious DRE who underwent prostate MRI before transperineal biopsy. Prostate Imaging—Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 ≥ 3 category of the index lesion defined a positive MRI. Combined TBx/SBx and SBx alone were performed for positive and negative MRI, respectively. An International Society of Urogenital Pathology Grade Group ≥ 2 defined csPCa. We calculated the csPCa detection rate of TBx, SBx, and combined TBx/SBx. The Cohen kappa statistic was used to measure the concordance between TBx and SBx. Results: Ninety-one (45.7%) csPCa cases were detected. MRI was positive in 153 (76.9%) patients. In the 46 patients with negative MRI, SBx detected 5 (10.9%) csPCa cases. Prostate biopsy could, thus, be avoided in 41/199 (20.6%) patients at the cost of missing 5/91 (5.5%) csPCa cases. The concordance between TBx and SBx in detecting csPCa with positive mpMRI was substantial (k = 0.70). Specifically, 6/86 (6.9%) csPCa cases were detected with TBx, and 17/86 (19.7%) with SBx alone. Concordance was almost perfect (k = 0.82) in patients with PSA > 10 ng/mL. Only 4/38 (10.5%) csPCa cases were missed by TBx, and only 1 (2.6%) csPCa case was identified by TBx alone. Conclusions: MRI in patients with suspicious DRE could avoid roughly 21% of unnecessary biopsies at the cost of missing approximately 6% of csPCa cases. Moreover, MRI and TBx complemented SBx in detecting csPCa in the subgroup with PSA > 10 ng/mL.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of loco‐regional anaesthesia and to compare perioperative outcomes between loco‐regional and standard general anaesthesia in patients with bladder cancer undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC). Patients and Methods A single‐surgeon cohort of 60 consecutive patients with bladder cancer undergoing ORC with an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol between May 2020 and December 2021 was analysed. A study group of 15 patients operated on under combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia was compared with a control group of 45 patients receiving standard general anaesthesia. Intraoperative outcomes were haemodynamic stability, estimated blood loss, intraoperative red blood cell transfusion rate, and anaesthesia time. Postoperative outcomes were pain assessment 24 h after surgery, time to mobilisation, return to oral diet, time to bowel function recovery, length of stay and rate of 90‐day complications. Results No patients required conversion from loco‐regional to general anaesthesia. All patients in both groups were haemodynamically stable. No significant differences between groups were observed for all other intraoperative outcomes, except for a shorter anaesthesia time in the study versus control group (250 vs. 290 min, p = 0.01). Pain visual score 24 h after surgery was significantly lower in the study versus control group (0 vs. 2, p

BackgroundGlobally, gastric cancer holds the fifth position in terms of prevalence among malignant tumors and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Particular attention should be paid to cardia adenocarcinoma (CA) due to its increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Diagnosis of CA frequently occurs in advanced stages because of its late symptoms. In such cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the primary treatment option. The response to chemotherapy depends on multiple variables including the tumor's molecular profile, the patient's performance status, and the feasibility of using targeted therapy. Patients exhibiting an exceptional response, defined as a complete response to medical therapy lasting more than 1 year, or a partial response or stable disease lasting more than 2 years, are rarely described. This case report presents one of the longest-lasting exceptional responses to chemotherapy in metastatic cardia adenocarcinoma and discusses its clinical implications.Case presentationA 49-year-old male patient presented with cardia adenocarcinoma (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, mismatch repair proficient) and liver metastases. Molecular profiling identified a pathogenic mutation in the TP53 gene (R123W; Arg123Trp) as the sole alteration found. Five months after initiating the neoadjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil–leucovorin–oxaliplatin–docetaxel, the patient achieved a complete clinical response. The molecular profile was compared with others previously documented in an international data portal, revealing a similar pattern. At 4 years and 3 months from diagnosis, the exceptional response was still confirmed. The patient underwent a cumulative number of 33 cycles of chemotherapy, leading to chemotherapy-induced liver damage.ConclusionsExceptional responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cardia adenocarcinomas are rarely reported. The documentation of exceptional responses to cancer therapies should be included in large data repositories to explore the molecular fingerprint of these tumors. In such cases, the clinical implications of long-term chemotherapy should always be taken into account.

Despite its worldwide adoption in many countries, rubberized asphalt mixtures are not fully incorporated as an alternative paving material in current Italian road specifications. This reluctance stems from a lack of experience, resistance to change in established work practices, and, sometimes, insufficient evidence demonstrating tangible benefits with local specifications. Furthermore, conventional characterization methods such as void checks and indirect tensile strength testing by means of IDT may not accurately capture the true benefits of using alternative paving materials. This study introduces performance-driven characterization approaches with the final aim of evaluating whether more advanced procedures may provide additional information compared to current practices and, in turn, promote the use of alternative paving materials. Hence, an investigation has been conducted to compare the rutting behavior of conventional asphalt mixtures with those modified with engineered crumb rubber (ECR). This comparison utilized performance-driven characterization approaches, including a basic IDT-based methodology at higher temperatures (HT-IDT), as well as two more sophisticated approaches, the Stress Sweep Rutting (SSR) and Flow Number (FN) tests, using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). Finally, the results were compared with those obtained using the IDT, a conventional method as specified by the major Italian road authority. As a result, the addition of ECR proves beneficial in enhancing the qualities of dense mixtures tailored for use on urban and secondary roads; however, only performance-driven characterization, with both basic and advanced methodologies, can clearly describe the pivotal role of ECR in achieving discernible enhancements in the rutting behavior of asphalt mixtures.

Chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding are highly dynamic during Drosophila metamorphosis and drive global changes in gene expression as larval tissues differentiate into adult structures. Unfortunately, the presence of pupa cuticle on many Drosophila tissues during metamorphosis prevents enzyme access to cells and has limited the use of enzymatic in situ methods for assessing chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. Here, we present a dissociation method for cuticle-bound pupal tissues that is compatible for use with ATAC-Seq and CUT&RUN to interrogate chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. We show this method provides comparable chromatin accessibility data to the non-enzymatic approach FAIRE-seq, with only a fraction of the amount of input tissue required. This approach is also compatible with CUT&RUN, which allows genome-wide mapping of histone modifications with less than 1/10th of the tissue input required for more conventional approaches such as Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq). Our protocol makes it possible to use newer, more sensitive enzymatic in situ approaches to interrogate gene regulatory networks during Drosophila metamorphosis.

Though fatherhood research has recently burgeoned, extant literature primarily focuses on father characteristics and father--child interactions. A critical gap remains in understanding fathers' emotional experiences. Using the Parent Development Interview-Revised, 74 interviews with fathers of toddlers were coded using questions about six positive and negative emotions: joy, pain/difficulty, happiness, pride, annoyance/anger, and guilt. Themes reflected 4 overarching concepts: father-child relationship, child-focused experiences, father-focused experiences, and the fatherhood role or identity. Frequent themes included: "watching their children grow," "sharing affection and love," "children's behavior," and "spending time away." Some codes appeared especially salient for some fathers, such as "growth in their co-parenting relationship" and "comparison to their family of origin." This study describes men who are deeply invested in fatherhood, highlighting the importance of research that goes beyond documenting fathers' influence on their children, and instead emphasizes the inherent value of fathers and in understanding fathers' experiences.

Crustal degassing of 4He from fault zones occurs throughout the seismic cycle which suggests variations in this flux could be a valuable seismic monitoring tool, according to an analysis of He flux calculations and seismic data from the Irpinia Fault Zone, Italy.

The clinical, electroencephalographic and neuro-pathological features of three cases (cases 1, 2 and 3) of congenital hydrocephalus in sheep were described. The observed neurological signs reflected damage in the telencephalon and brain stem. The electroencephalogram performed in case 1 and case 2 showed different patterns: symmetric and synchronous high-voltage slow-activity in case 1, and low-voltage slow-activity in case 2. By the post-mortem examination, in all the animals, dilatation of the ventricular system, especially of the lateral ventricles, associated with a glial reaction surrounding the dilated ventricles was observed. Only in case 3, a monolateral meningeal thickening at the left cerebellopontine angle seemed to be responsible for the obstructive hydrocephalus. In the other two brains (case 1 and 2), no potential anatomical cause for the hydrocephalus were detected, even if, in case 2, a compensatory form was not excluded due to the moderate hypoplasia of the cerebrum and the presence of the non-suppurative inflammation. The results of this work provide a contribution to the EEG characterisation in ovine hydrocephalus cases; nevertheless further multidisciplinary studies of a larger number of sheep could permit to better characterise the EEG pattern in ovine hydrocephalus cases.

Even though alternative paving materials, like rubberized asphalt, are sometimes present in specifications, these are still not widely adopted from road agencies mainly due to a lack of experience, reticence in changing work habits and, often, a lack of evidence of real gains in the change. Authors believe that performance-based laboratory characterization is a solution to highlight differences with conventional asphalt mixtures. Hence, this research wants to highlight the differences between designing asphalt mixtures modified with engineered crumb rubber (ECR) on the basis of conventional indirect tensile testing (ITS), as prescribed by Italian specifications, and by means of performance-related characterization. ECR allows to asphalt mixtures to be modified through a dry process without inconveniences such as uncontrolled swelling and the generation of fumes; on the other hand, performance-related characterization focuses on highlighting rutting behavior by using a basic approach, still based on ITS, and a more advanced viscoplastic methodology using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). As a result, performance-related characterization is necessary to highlight clear gains in the rutting behavior of the asphalt mixtures modified with ECR. Advanced methodology by means of AMPT provides a fine-tuned characterization; however, the basic approach by means of ITS already highlights the differences in performance. ECR could be widely used to improve the properties of dense mixtures for roads with low traffic; in fact, it solves many of the practical issues of adding crumb rubber through a dry process and greatly improves paving material properties compared to conventional asphalt mixtures, with an increase in cost of only 10%.

Aiming at understanding the source of the fluids that mineralizing within seismically active fault zones, we investigate the noble gas isotopes (i.e., helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar)) in the fluid inclusions (FIs) trapped in the calcite veins sampled along high‐angle fault zones of the Contursi hydrothermal basin, southern Italy. The latter basin lies in close vicinity of the MW = 6.9, 1980 Irpinia earthquake and exposes numerous fault scarps dissecting Mesozoic shallow‐water carbonates. The analyses of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar) are conducted to identify the origin of the volatiles circulating along the faults at the time of calcite precipitation. Then, outcomes of this discussions are compared with currently outgassing of deep‐sourced CO2 coupled to mantle‐derived He in that area, whose output is larger than those from some volcanic areas worldwide. The results indicate that He in FIs is dominated by a crustal radiogenic component (4He), and by an up to 20% of a mantle‐derived component (3He), with a highest isotopic signature of 1.38 Ra. This value is consistent with the highest percentage of mantle‐derived He associated to high‐flux CO2 gas emission in the investigated area (1.41 Ra). We propose that the variability of the He isotopic signature measured in primary FIs can result from early trapping of fluid inclusions or post trapping processes and seismic activity that modify the pristine He isotopic signature (i.e., derived from the crust and/or mantle) in groundwater along the faults during periods of background seismicity. Such investigations are fundamental to understand fluid migration in fault systems and the role of fluids in processes of earthquake nucleation. Key Points: Paleofluids in the studied seismogenic fault derive from the mixing between crustal and mantle (∼20%) derived fluidsThe variability of the He isotopic signature registered in fluid inclusions results from either early trapping processes (due to past possible earthquakes events) or post trapping processes by addition of radiogenic 4He produced within fractured calcite veins over time (vein aging)The pristine mantle source has been active in the Irpinia area (southern Italy) for at least 1 Ma based on the post trapping process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]