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A klímaváltozás hatásai jelentősen befolyásolják a törekvést a fenntarthatóság irányába. A városkutatási témák között az utóbbi években a fenntartható fejlődés fogalma és célrendszere mellett előtérbe került a klímaadaptáció, azaz a klímaváltozáshoz való alkalmazkodás kérdésköre is. A szakpolitikai és tudományos relevancia ellenére a két fogalom viszonya, egymásra gyakorolt hatása – különösen gyakorlati szinten – nem tisztázott és kevésbé kutatott kérdés, az egymással szoros összefüggésben álló fogalmak párhuzamos vizsgálatát kevesen kísérelték meg. A sokasodó extrém időjárási jelenségeket kiváltó okok és a megoldandó problémák – aktív gazdasági tevékenységeik, népsűrűségük, valamint a kapcsolódó környezeti kihívások okán – a városokban koncentrálódnak. A városok tehát a megváltozott éghajlati viszonyokhoz történő alkalmazkodás kritikus tényezői. A tanulmány célja, hogy Budapest XVII. kerületének példáján keresztül feltárja a városi fenntarthatóság, valamint a klímaadaptációs kritériumok egymásra gyakorolt hatását, és meghatározza lehetséges szinergiáikat. A rendelkezésre álló városfejlesztési beavatkozások komplex fenntarthatósági és adaptációs szempontú elemzése rávilágít azokra a tevékenységekre, melyek hosszú távon akár negatív hatásokkal is járhatnak, és ezáltal növelik az ún. lock-in jelenségek, vagyis a kényszerpályák kialakulásának veszélyét. Az elemzés során olyan értékelési keretrendszert alkalmaztunk, melynek segítségével a két terület közvetlen és közvetett hatásainak elemzése egyaránt lehetővé válik. Habár a vizsgálat egy konkrét kerület példáján keresztül valósul meg, az értékelési keretrendszer bármely településre szabadon átalakítható, ezáltal ex-ante végezhető el a tervezett városfejlesztési beavatkozások komplex hatásértékelése. A tanulmány tehát nemzetközi szinten is kevésbé kutatott, gyakorlati szempontból azonban kiemelt jelentőséggel bíró területre fókuszál, valamint szélesíti a hazai városkutatás szakirodalmi bázisát.

Currently, resilience studies are at the forefront of urban and regional research. However, community resilience is generally less investigated than economic or climate resilience. Community resilience, defined as the ability of different regional levels to adjust their socioeconomic systems to cope with adverse effects of external factors and to be able to provide adaptive responses, plays a crucial role in sustainable regional development patterns. This paper addresses this scientific gap in the general lack of community resilience studies in Hungary and the understudied regional focus. The study has two aims: 1) to collect statistical variables for assessing community resilience based on the basic resilience indicators for communities (BRIC) framework and 2) to conduct statistical and regional analyses at the Hungarian subregional level (former LAU level 1). The subregional level provides an extensive amount of spatial units that enabled the authors to apply context-specific indicators and reveal regional patterns. The authors conducted several statistical analyses, proving the independence of the selected variables and the effectiveness of the elaborated community resilience index. Regarding regional characteristics, the authors mapped and analyzed the spatial pattern of each community resilience dimension and the overall index. Furthermore, this paper evaluated spatial autocorrelation aspects to identify those areas where similar subregions can be found. The applied statistical analyses regarding the elaborated set of indicators prove the relatively high independence of variables. Although the Pearson correlation was found to be significant in some cases, there were no professional connections. Regarding the multicollinearity analysis, the authors found that the variance inflation factor (VIF) values of the dimensions do not exceed the benchmark value of 5. The regional analyses showed high heterogeneity concerning the evaluated resilience category. In the cases of infrastructure, community, and environmental dimensions, rapidly urbanized subregions and their agglomerations had lower values. The economic and social aspects proved the east-west axis within the country, and the below-average values well followed the average size of municipalities within the subregions. Finally, the Central-Northern subregions are spatially correlated, defining a regional hotspot with below-average performances by paying attention to the calculated Moran's I values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hungary's capital, Budapest is divided into 23 districts, which have significantly distinct topography: thus, having different level of vulnerability to certain climatic effects; in addition, their climate adaptation potential also varies. This study aimed to analyze the 23 districts of Budapest, Hungary, in terms of their climate adaptation consciousness from governmental perspective. The study compares the 23 districts through a scoring matrix with three main categories - attitude, planning, and implementation - and several criteria. In addition, interviews were organized with municipal employees with 43 questions following the structure of the scoring matrix, learning more about the districts' commitment to climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we sought to answer the question of whether a smart city concept can contribute to the transition towards sustainability at the city level in the age of digitalization, and if so, how. We propose the use of the developed smart planning method and the development of a scorecard-based indicator system that may contribute to the evaluation of the sustainable, climate-conscious and smart nature of local development ideas by guiding local decision makers and other stakeholders. Due to this indicator system, the continuous efficiency improvement of monitoring processes can be realized for the city management and operation, as well as the ex-ante evaluation of market-based urban development projects. A pilot study was conducted at a city of county rank in order to examine the feasibility of the developed indicator system and smart planning method. The described evaluation system may be a useful tool for local governments for identifying the most cost-effective and resource-efficient market solutions considering regional characteristics, to select the most appropriate and optimal solutions according to the development objectives of the municipality fostering the practical implementation of smart and sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, urban areas are increasingly identified as strategic fields of climate change-related actions. Climate change is an increasingly complex challenge for these territories. Tackling climate change, moreover, in a sustainable way, is a priority in the European Union, which has set several ambitious short- and long-term mitigation, adaptation, and sustainability targets. It is a central issue of how society can respond to the climate emergency that is affected by and depends on the vertical and horizontal interrelations among different stakeholders, organizations, governance actors, etc., and their activities. Countries, regions, counties, and cities around the world react by developing climate strategies. The operationalization of the high-level political agreements and discourses is uncertain, and the policies in practice should also be evaluated on regional and city levels, just as the milestones of related strategic planning processes fostering local adaptive capacity. According to regional and urban governance, it is pivotal addressing not only mitigation but adaptation issues to be able to foster sustainable regional development, also considering the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specified in the Agenda 2030. Adaptation to climate change is increasingly becoming a priority for policy action. It also has high relevance to find the synergic interrelations towards an adaptive future. This paper evaluates the recent changes in Hungarian regional and urban planning in relation to climate policy approach and reports a state of adaptation oriented spatial planning on NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) and LAU-1 (Local Administrative Units) levels. The results are based on the collection of all relevant climate change-related strategic documents on these levels in Hungary and on the analysis of specific information. There is a lack of knowledge related to the comprehensive adaptation policy and planning on regional and local levels in Hungary. The results of the evaluation show the state-of-art knowledge related to possible adaptation pathways and the various engagement level for climate policy approach on different spatial levels in Hungary. In the case of the examined research area, the development of more mitigation oriented planning documents and low level of adaptation measures and monitoring process management tools is seen as critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]