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We empirically prove that the negative listing effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is more pronounced in target countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate uncertainty than in...

We perform an event study on 2824 cases of domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that were disclosed in the Korean domestic stock exchange and took effect between 2002 and 2015. We focus on Korean capital markets to define the factor variables affecting the disclosure effect of M&A in high-tech industries and the effect of disclosure on long-term performance. We find the following. First, the disclosure effect of M&A benefits acquirers’ shareholder wealth; this effect is more pronounced for high-tech firms than for non-high-tech firms. Second, M&A of high- and non-high-tech firms harm acquirers’ shareholder wealth via the disclosure effect. Finally, M&A between high- and non-high-tech firms negatively affect long-term firm performance. However, acquirers that are mature high-tech firms have a positive effect on long-term performance. This result affirms that organizationally mature firms adapt better to highly specialized technologies and knowledge that are not yet internalized as corporate routines owing to their learned capabilities and breadth of experience. This study provides a significant novel perspective on high-tech M&A by emphasizing the financial performance of firms involved in them.

Caching efficiency is critical to performance when an in-memory database system acts as a cache for a disk-oriented database system. Memcached, one of the widely used in-memory database that stores key-values, roles as a cache for high-speed data storage layer. It replaces items using LRU replacement policy when memory capacity is used up. Other than LRU policy for maximizing temporal locality, in this paper, we confirm the impact of replacement policies for workloads with random pattern operations. We analyze hit counts of workload by applying BIP and SRRIP replacement policies to Memcached. Experimental results show that hit counts of Memcached to which SRRIP is applied is improved by up to 12%.

Microstructural evolution during injection casting Cu50Zr50−xTix (x = 0–8) alloys has been investigated using X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Cubic CuZr(Ti) B2 phase is competing against the glass transition during solidification for all the alloys and the primary B2 phase has transformed into the martensitic phase for x

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of the enthalpy of mixing on the atomic level structure and plasticity of binary metallic glasses by using an ideal model potential. Whereas some model alloys with a strong positive enthalpy of mixing solidified into mixtures of microcrystalline domains of face-centered cubic or hexagonal close-packed crystal structures, the other alloys solidified into amorphous structures. Various structural properties of the amorphous alloys were analyzed as a function of the enthalpy of mixing interaction parameter. The deformation behavior of the amorphous samples was discussed in terms of atomic-level structural features such as the fraction of icosahedral clusters, the degree of short-range ordering and potential energies of atomic clusters in order to find a clue on the relationship between the mechanical properties and atomic structure of the amorphous alloys.

This study analyzes Korean firms’ motives for cross-border M&As, Asia’s representative emerging capital market, from the perspective of financial attributes, and defines the effects of group attributes of cross-border M&As on the wealth of acquiring firms’ shareholders. As for the group attributes of cross-border M&As, shareholders of small firms with high ROA do not like cross-border M&As, because the shareholders of small acquiring firms with sufficient internal growth factors are reluctant to transfer their present wealth to shareholders of foreign target firms. We also verify that the diversification effect with regard to cross-border M&As is accompanied by the diversification discount, but that firms with ample internal funds due to their high ROA like entering into new industries through cross-border M&As. Lastly, when target companies are listed in countries with highly uncertain GDP growth rates, acquiring firms’ value decreased.

The effect of the type of the crystalline phase and its volume fraction on the mechanical property of Cu50Zr50-xTix alloys (x = 0-10) bulk metallic glass composites has been investigated in this study. Up to 6 at% of Ti, B19’ phase particles distributed in the glassy matrix, while at 8 and 10% of Ti, B2 phase particles are retained in the glass matrix due to suppression of the eutectoid transformation of B2 phase and by avoidance of martensitic transformation of B2 into B19’. The volume fraction of crystalline phase is strongly dependent on the cooling rate. The larger volume fraction of the crystalline phases results in the lower yield stress, the higher plastic strain, and the more pronounced work hardening behavior. At the crystalline volume fraction below ~30%, the variation of the yield strength can be described by the rule of mixture model (ROM), while at the crystalline volume fraction higher than ~50% by the load-bearing model (LBM). At the crystal fractions between 30 and 50%, there is a yield strength drop and a transition from the ROM to the LBM. This transition is due to the formation of the crystalline structural framework at higher crystal fraction.

The deposition techniques of quantum dots (QDs) have great influence on the photovoltaic performances of quantum dot sensitised solar cells (QDSSCs). In this study, we report CdS/CdSe sensitised TiO2 solar cells focussing on the influence of two commonly used in situ QD deposition techniques (SILAR: successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction and CBD: chemical bath deposition). In addition to this, the QDSSC performance is enhanced due to better light harvesting capability of PbS quantum dots and makes large accumulation of photo-injected electrons in the conduction band of TiO2. When compared to power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.58% was obtained for PbS/CBD-CdS/CBD-CdSe cells when compared to PbS/SILAR-CdS/SILAR-CdSe. With chemical bath deposition, we achieved high surface coverage of QDs, which contributes to the increase in photocurrent,open circuit voltage and fill factor. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the PbS/CBD-CdS/CBD-CdSe reduces recombination and increases charge collection efficiency and a long electron lifetime was achieved. To associate the assembling of QDs with the performance of QDSSCs a methodical characterization of morphology, optical and electro-chemical properties and its stability has been studied. We achieved PbS seeded CBD highlighting its robust consequences for the performance of QDSSCs.

Cotton and silk fabrics were dyed with Houttuynia cordata extract using aqueous ethanol solution and the dyeing and post-treatment conditions were optimized to impart antimicrobial activity to the fabrics. The dried Houttuynia cordata can be extracted at for 3 hours using an aqueous ethanol solution containing 70%(w/w) ethanol. For the highest color yields. Both cotton and silk fabrics can be dyed at for 60min with 10g/L of NaCl under pH 4. Silk fabrics can be dyed to higher K/S than cotton fabrics. The color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were good when either citric acid crosslinking or aluminum alum mordanting was carried out as a post treatment. The dyed silk and cotton fabrics with the post treatments showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Bulk metallic glass (BMG) shows higth strength, high elastic limit, corrosion resistance and good wear resistance and soft magnetic properties and has been considering as a candidate for new structural materials. But they show limited macroscopic plasticity and lack of tensile ductility due to highly localized shear deformation, which should be solved for real structural application. In this paper researches on the enhancement of plasticity of BMG were reviewed briefly. Introducing heterogeneous structure in glass is effective to induce more shear transformation zones (STZs) active for multiple shear band initiation and also to block the propagating shear band. Several methods such as BMG alloy design for high Poisson`s ratio, addition of alloying element having positive heat of mixing, pre-straining BMG and variety of BMG composites have been developed for homogenous distribution of locally weak region, where local strain can be initiated. Therefore enhancement of plasticity of BMG is normally accompanied with some penalty of strength loss.

1Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea 2Nuclear Materials Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea 3Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea 4Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, KITECH, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea

This study has extracted elements and related factors in the modernization of Hanok, using an evaluation method, and has also considered the possibilities of modern images using AHP analysis. As a result, first, the elements that form the urban landscape of historical and cultural environment have to be created by extracting elements from the subject standard for construction of the elements selected. As for the aspect of blending history, culture and environment, scenic and important architectural aspects were delineated. Second, based on selected components of the basic type of features and construction, roof types, vertical and horizontal elements were simulated after setting the criteria. Third, according to its historical cultural circumstances the man-made landscape and the traditional measure of the model, specific values of the elements for the formation of structures were evaluated by priority. A region characterized by old city houses constructed of objective elements can possibly be combined. In addition, a Hanok multi-family house fitted for modern life and a variety of models to develop and validate the possibility and utilization of this study can be expected.

In order to investigate the mechanical relaxation behaviors of a Zr28Y28Al22Co22 phase separating metallic glass, dynamic mechanical measurements of the tensile storage and loss moduli were performed for broad temperature and frequency ranges. The glass transition of each separated phase in the as-spun ribbon was manifested by the double decreasing of the storage modulus and two loss modulus peaks. The master curves for tanδ of the as-spun and heat-treated specimens were constructed according to the time-temperature superposition principle. From the temperature dependence of the shift factor, the activation energies for the primary and secondary relaxation of both specimens were calculated and the effects of the interconnected structure of the dual-phase as-spun ribbon and partially crystallized ribbon on the mechanical relaxation behaviors were studied.

Purpose: This study evaluated the preoperative and postoperative radiologic findings of patients with complete repairs after massive rotator cuff tears along with the incidence of re-tear and the clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: This study evaluated 33 cases who had open complete repairs for massive rotator cuff tears and these patients were followed up for more than 24 months. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the shoulder joint function test of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and the degree of arthritis related to the massive rotator cuff tears was evaluated using the Hamada classification. Results: The ASES scores improved from 37.6 preoperatively to 85.6 postoperatively. The mean preoperative acromio-humeral interval (AHI) score was 6.5 mm, which increased to 9.3 mm immediately after surgery, and there was a decreased to 6.5 mm noted at the last follow up. The lower radiology stages of arthritis according to the classification showed better preoperative and postoperative results. Conclusion: An open complete repair as the surgical treatment for a massive rotator cuff tear showed satisfactory results for pain relief and an improvement in the shoulder joint function though re-tear after surgery.

An upflow packed-bed cell recycle bioreactor (IUPCRB) is proposed for obtaining a high cell density. The system is comprised of a stirred tank bioreactor in which cells are retained partially by a packed-bed. A 1.3 cm (ID) × 48 cm long packed-bed was installed inside a 2 L bioreactor (working volume 1 L). Continuous ethanol fermentation was carried out using a 100 g/L glucose solution containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24858). Cell retention characteristics were investigated by varying the void fraction (VF) of the packed bed by packing it with particles of 0.8∼2.0 mm sized stone, cut hollow fiber pieces, ceramic, and activated carbon particles. The best results were obtained using an activated carbon bed with a VF of 30∼35%. The IUPCRB yielded a maximum cell density of 87 g/L, an ethanol concentration of 42 g/L, and a productivity of 21 g/L/h when a 0.5 h−1 dilution rate was used. A natural bleeding of cells from the filter bed occurred intermittently. This cell loss consisted of an average of 5% of the cell concentration in the bioreactor when a high cell concentration (approximately 80 g/L) was being maintained.

Perfusion cultures of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells, producing recombinant antibody against the S surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus, were carried out in continuous and intermittent mode using a Centritech Lab II Centrifuge. In the continuous perfusion process, despite the absence of shear stress from the pump head, long-term operation was not possible because of continuously repeated exposure to oxygen limitation and low temperature, as well as shear stress from centrifugal force. In the intermittent perfusion processes, the frequency of cell-passage through the centrifuge was substantially reduced, compared with the continuous perfusion mode; however, the degree of reduction could not guarantee stable long-term operation. Although various operating parameters were applied in the intermittent perfusion cultures, high cell densities could not be maintained stably. In a single bioreactor culture system, a specific cell that is returned from the centrifuge to the bioreactor could be transferred from the bioreactor to the centrifuge again in the next cycle. These repetitive damages, caused by shear stress from the pump head and centrifugal force, as well as exposure to suboptimal conditions such as oxygen limitation and low temperature below 37 degrees C, were more serious at higher perfusion rates. Subsequently, damaged cells and dead cells were continuously accumulated in the bioreactor. Culture temperature shift from 37 to 33 degrees C increased antibody concentrations but showed inhibitory effects on cell growth. The negative effects of lowering culture temperature on cell growth overwhelmed the positive effects on antibody production. To protect cells from shear stress, Pluronic F-68 was 2-fold concentrated in the culture medium; nevertheless, a significantly higher concentration of Pluronic F-68 (2 g/L) may have inhibitory effects on cell growth.

Background To determine the association between lunate morphology and the scapholunate instability using radiographic images, and investigate the association between lunate morphology and scaphoid fracture location. Methods Between January 2003 and December 2011, we retrospectively evaluated the plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images of 70 patients who underwent surgical intervention for a scaphoid nonunion, in order to determine the association between lunate type (I or II) and scapholunate instability or scaphoid fracture location. We determined the scaphoid fracture location using the fragment ratio and measured the radiolunate angle and capitate-triquetrum (C-T) distance. Results A type II lunate was present in 68.6% (48 of 70 cases). Mean fragment ratio of fracture location was 50.6% in the type II lunate group and 56.2% in the type I lunate group (p = 0.032). Sixteen of the 70 patients had dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) deformities. Nine of 22 cases showed DISI deformity in type I lunate and 7 of 48 cases showed DISI deformity in type II lunate (p = 0.029). However, there were no significant differences between the presence of DISI deformity and fracture location (p = 0.15). Morphologic comparisons by both plain radiography and CT indicated a mean C-T distance in the type I lunate group (22 cases) of 2.3 mm and 5.0 mm in the type II lunate group (48 cases). The C-T distances were significantly correlated with lunate morphology (p = 0.001). Conclusions A type II lunate was associated with low incidence of DISI deformity and proximal location of fracture in patients presenting with a scaphoid nonunion.

To describe prominent premalar and cheek swelling as a previously undescribed clinical feature of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO).Retrospective interventional case series.A retrospective case review of patients with prominent premalar and/or cheek swelling and TAO was undertaken. All patients who presented from March 2002 to February 2005 with complaints of premalar and/or cheek swelling in TAO were analyzed.Six female patients between the ages of 28 and 66 years (average, 44.2 years) who had complaints of prominent premalar and/or cheek swelling and TAO were included in the study, among 326 new patients with TAO (incidence: 1.84%). Five of the 6 patients had Graves hyperthyroidism. One initially had Hashimoto thyroiditis, which converted to Graves hyperthyroidism. In all cases, TAO preceded the thyroid disease or developed simultaneously (average time from TAO to thyroid disease was 3.0 months). No patient had received corticosteroids before premalar and/or cheek swelling. The premalar and/or cheek swelling was bilateral in all cases, but 2 of 6 were asymmetric. No diurnal fluctuation or tenderness in premalar and/or cheek swelling was noted. All improved incompletely over several months. Brow, eyelid swelling, and orbital-fat hypertrophy on radiologic examination was coincidentally noted in 5 of 6 cases. Pretibial myxedema was noted in one case. One case was associated with another autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis).Prominent premalar and cheek swelling should be considered among the clinical features of TAO. The true incidence will become apparent as we question and examine patients more carefully regarding this entity and as we review premorbid photographs.

Estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation by estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) depends on the conformation of helices 3 and 12 in the ligand-binding domain. To better understand the function of helix 3 in ERalpha, we examined the role of charged residues, which are conserved in most steroid receptors in helix 3, in estrogen-dependent transactivation. The replacement of Asp-351 with lysine (D351K) or leucine (D351 L) completely abolished estrogen-dependent transactivation without affecting estrogen-binding, DNA-binding and homodimerization activities in ERalpha. The mutations dramatically reduced the ligand-dependent activation function 2 activity and impaired the ability of ERalpha to bind p160 coactivators. In addition, the D351K mutant effectively inhibited the transcriptional activation activity of wild-type ERalpha. Furthermore Asp-351 was required not only for the estrogen-dependent conformational change of wild-type ERalpha but also for the constitutive transcriptional activity and ligand-independent active conformation of ERalpha mutant Y537N. Similarly, in the orphan nuclear receptor called estrogen-related receptor 3 (ERR3), the replacement of Asp-273 (the corresponding amino acid to Asp-351 in ERalpha) with lysine abolished constitutive transcriptional activity of ERR3 without affecting DNA-binding activity and impaired the ability of the receptor to interact with p160 coactivators. These data suggest a role of Asp-351 in inducing and stabilizing the active conformation of ERalpha, and our results experimentally confirm the concept that Asp-351 in helix 3 interacts with the amide hydrogen of L540 in helix 12 to form a transcriptionally competent surface for binding p160 coactivators.

The Mokpo cable-stayed bridge has become a new landmark in Mokpo city, Korea. This bridge has a unique feature from an aesthetic and structural point of view and will be the second longest cable-st...

Poly(styrene- co -styrene sulfonate) (PS-PSS) latexes have been coated with thin overlayer of polyaniline (PANI) to produce electrically conductive ‘core-shell’ particles (PANI/PS-PSS) in the size of range 30–50 nm in diameter. PS-PSS core particles were prepared by radical emulsion copolymerization and PANI was oxidatively polymerized using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) on the surface of PS-PSS latex. PANI thin overlayer was observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicating polymerization of aniline takes place preferably on the PS-PSS surface rather than in the aqueous bulk phase. Elemental analysis revealed that the weight percent of styrene sulfonate in PS-PSS copolymer was ca. 5.4% and the conductivities of PANI/PS-PSS pellets were greatly increased with the increase of nitrogen content. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms showed two main degradation stages beginning at 360 and 460°C that correspond to the decomposition of PS-PSS and PANI, respectively.

Polyaniline (PANI) dispersions consisting of 10–20 nm sized nanoparticles were prepared by oxidation with ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micellar solutions. Coalescence and coagulation were prevented by electrostatic repulsive interaction between anionic SDS micelles. Particle morphology was dependent on the initial shape of surfactant aggregates (micelles) and the molar ratio of SDS to aniline monomer. Spherical particles were obtained at very low monomer concentration and the shape of particles began to be distorted from the spherical shape as monomer concentration increased at constant 0.2 M SDS concentration. The size of spherical particles was the same order of the micellar size or slightly larger. UV–VIS spectroscopy, compositions of PANI powder, morphology, crystalline structure, thermal stability, molecular weight and conductivity of PANI particles synthesized at various monomer and surfactant concentrations were investigated.

A design procedure for a structure's monitoring system using sensitivity analysis and a neural network is developed. The monitoring system is to be used to monitor damage to members critically affecting the overall safety of structures. Recently, many techniques for evaluating the damage of isolated members and models of simple structures have been investigated. However, actual structures are large, and their complex behavior may not be based on damage of isolated members or their simple models. To monitor large structures realistically, structures' data on behavior at many points need to be monitored. Identifying the optimal locations and numbers of these monitoring points and assessing the safety of the entire structure from the limited data are the monitoring system design problem. The procedure presented for this design problem is a two-step process. In the first step, using sensitivity analysis and damage-assessment techniques, individual members are ranked according to their influence on the failure probability of the entire structure or according to their effect on the abnormal behavior of the structure. Based on the rank, critical members are identified. In the second step, sensitivity analysis and a neural network are used to determine the optimal locations. In addition, the optimal number of sensors for monitoring damage to the critical members selected in step 1 is also suggested. Truss and frame examples are used to show the validity and applicability of the monitoring system design procedure.

Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was studied in a conventional aqueous solution and in micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic surfactant) and nonylphenol ethoxylate(9) (NP-9, nonionic surfactant) to investigate the effect of molecular structure of surfactants on the polymerization kinetics and particle size. The polymerization kinetics in NP-9 micellar solution were very slow, and this result was explained based on the structural characteristics of surfactant. SDS micellar solutions resulted in a highly transparent solution without any precipitates, whereas some precipitates were visually observed in the NP-9 micellar solution after the reaction finished. The electrical conductivities of polyaniline pellets formed with particles prepared in SDS and NP-9 micellar solutions and aqueous solution showed about 20, 4, and 4 S/cm, respectively. The highest electrical conductivity of particles from SDS micellar solution might be due to the smallest size of particles and the highest...

Picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is widely used in hospitals to bring high efficiency in a medical process. Recently, PACS is required to evolve into a more sophisticated system that can communicate with other medical systems. The existing PACS was designed to be used in a local area network (LAN) of a hospital and DICOM, the standard used in PACS, doesn't have any QoS for file transmission or security functions for an open network. Therefore, we propose a PACS system over Policy Quorum based Resource Management (PQRM) system, which manages storage resources and computing resources in Grid environment to provide satisfying advanced medical services with guaranteed QoS. Finally, we test the real situation medical scenario to prove the advanced functions our system provides and do several experiments to show the superiority of our novel system to existing PACS systems. The results indicate that while PQRM-based PACS providing the ability for advanced medical services it guarantees the transmission, provides best resource selection and disaster recovery capability.

Picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is widely used in hospitals to take medical images, to send images to radiologists or doctors and to store images into storage in a digital manner, that has brought high efficiency in a medical process. Recently, PACS is required to evolve into a more sophisticated system that can communicate with other medical systems. The existing PACS was designed to be used in a Local Area Network (LAN) of a hospital and DICOM, the standard used in PACS, doesn't have any QoS for file transmission or security functions for an open network. Therefore, we propose a PACS system over Policy Quorum based Resource Management (PQRM) system, which manages storage resources and computing resources in Grid environment to provide satisfying advanced medical services with guaranteed QoS. Finally, we test the real situation medical scenario to prove the advanced functions our system provides and do several experiments to show the superiority of our novel system to existing PACS systems. The results indicate that while PQRM-based PACS providing the ability for advanced medical services it guarantees the transmission, provides best resource selection and disaster recovery capability.

Based upon the results of scale-down intermittent perfusion processes, a cell-once-through (COT) perfusion concept was applied to a dual bioreactor system coupled to a Centritech Lab II centrifuge for culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells for monoclonal antibody production. In this new culture mode, i.e., the COT perfusion process, total spent medium was transferred to the centrifuge and a fixed percentage was removed. Approximately 99% of the viable cells are transferred to another bioreactor filled with fresh medium by single operation of the Centritech Lab II centrifuge system for about 30 min. Accordingly, a significant reduction of the cell-passage frequency to the centrifuge led to minimization of cell damage caused by mechanical shear stress, oxygen limitation, nutrient limitation, and low temperature outside the bioreactor. The effects of culture temperature shift and fortified medium on cell growth and recombinant antibody production in the COT perfusion process were investigated. Although the suppressive effects of low culture temperature on cell growth led to a loss of stability in a long-term COT perfusion culture system, the average antibody concentration at 33 degrees C was 157.8 mg/L, approximately 2.4-fold higher than that at 37 degrees C. By the use of a fortified medium at 37 degrees C, rCHO cells were maintained at high density above 1.2 x 10(7) cells/mL, and antibody was produced continuously in a range of 260-280 mg/L in a stable long-term COT perfusion culture. The proposed new culture mode, the COT perfusion approach, guarantees the recovery of rCHO cells damaged by lowered temperature or high lactate and ammonium concentration. It will be an attractive choice for minimization of cell damage and stable long-term antibody production with high cell density.

Acidogenesis of food waste was studied in a 2-L reactor with semi-continuous mode operation (once-a-day feeding and draw-off) for maximum 65 days to examine optimal volatile acid compositions for biological nitrogen removal (BNR) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (ENPR). Various operational parameters of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (ORL), pH and temperature were investigated for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acid composition, nitrogen and phosphate. The yields (gTVFA/g VS) and the volumetric productivity (gTVFA/d L) increased with HRT from 0.26-0.32, 1.25-1.50 (at 4 days) to 0.36-0.39, 1.71-1.83 (at 12 days). However, the acetate fraction (%) decreased with HRT from 35.7-37.5 at 4 days to 23.5-25 at 12 days. The yields decreased with increase of organic loading from 0.34-0.37 at 5 g/L d to 0.29-0.30 at 13 g/L d and the productivity increased from 1.63-1.65 to 3.61-3.75. The yield and productivity were highest at 35 degrees C among 25, 35 and 45 degrees C. The yield and productivity at pH 5.5 and 6.0 were best and very similar to each other. The condition of 35 degrees C, pH 6.0, HRT 8 days, ORL 9 g/L d resulted in TVFA, SCOD, acetate and butyrate of 25, 39.5, 12 and 5.25 g/L, respectively.

Picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is widely used in hospitals to take medical images, to send images to radiologists or doctors and to store images into storage in a digital manner, that has brought high efficiency in a medical process. Recently, PACS is required to evolve into a more sophisticated system that can communicate with other medical systems. The existing PACS was designed to be used in a local area network (LAN) of a hospital and DICOM, the standard used in PACS, doesn't have any QoS for file transmission or security functions for an open network. Therefore, we propose a PACS system over policy quorum based resource management (PQRM) system, which manages storage resources and computing resources in Grid environment to provide satisfying advanced medical services with guaranteed QoS. Finally, we test the real situation medical scenario to prove the advanced functions our system provides and do several experiments to show the superiority of our novel system to existing PACS systems. The results indicate that while PQRM-based PACS providing the ability for advanced medical services it guarantees the transmission, provides best resource selection and disaster recovery capability.

The mission-critical application, in particular e-health service such as ECG application and carotid artery application, normally demands the highly sophisticated handling method and reliable processing scheme in wireless grid environments. Due to the huge amounts of data set from the numerous wireless devices, we propose the refined procedures based on wireless grid to guarantee the optimal processing time and reliability as prime factor of the system performance by using the proposed scheduling scheme. The simulation results show that proposed load scheduling can support the load balancing and guarantee the high system availability.

Choristoma is a benign tumour defined as normal tissue in an ectopic location. Osseous choristoma, one subtype of this entity, occurring within the orbit has rarely been reported in the world literature. We report a 6-year-old girl with bilateral ocular osseous choristomas who presented with palpable nodules protruding from both upper lids. The radiological and clinical findings are described and previous reports are reviewed.

This paper presents a digital control scheme for a UPS inverter system. The inverter provides a near sinusoidal output voltage waveform with low harmonic distortion factor and must be controlled with very fast dynamic response and robustness to load changes or parameter variations. The proposed scheme is based on the current regulated voltage controller. The filter inductor current is forced to follow the current command calculated from the desired capacitor voltage and the sensed output load current. Clearly, the sensed output current signal acts as a disturbance feedforward signal which leads to a fast dynamic response of the controller to sudden changes of output load current. In order to guarantee the robustness of the system, a PI capacitor voltage controller is added as in the conventional double feedback loop controller. The natural problems of this controller, i.e. the phase difference between the output voltage and its reference caused by the AC quantity of the feedback signal, are compensated by using a synchronization controller for the output voltage phase and frequency. The algorithm of the proposed scheme is described and digital simulation and experimental results from a 5 kVA prototype are provided for verification.