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The U.S. South Atlantic region has many long‐standing data needs and limited data collection resources for federally managed marine fish stocks. Much of the harvest is dominated by recreational fisheries, where data are limited, especially during historic time periods. FISHstory, a pilot project developed through the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council's Citizen Science Program, developed a standardized protocol for archiving and analyzing historic photos from the 1940s to 1970s from a for‐hire fleet based in Florida. These photos document the beginnings of the South Atlantic for‐hire fishery and are potentially an untapped source of data that can help recreate information on catch and length composition prior to when dedicated fishery dependent surveys began. Many careful steps were taken in the design of FISHstory to ensure data collected would be fit for purpose and useful to management. This paper highlights these steps and describes lessons learned through project development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing costs are challenging the capacity for resource management agencies to keep up with mounting needs for robust data about fish populations and their habitats. Furthermore, trust among scientists, government agencies, and the public is fundamental to effective fisheries management, and relations among these three groups are increasingly strained when decisions about fishing limits are made (or are perceived to be made) on the basis of limited information or analysis. In the South Atlantic region of the United States, the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council has begun building a citizen science program to increase the quantity and quality of data used for fisheries management decisions throughout the region and to build trust and foster mutual understanding among those involved in the process. The goal is to build on existing management infrastructure to address key challenges to managing fisheries for long-term sustainability. In the present article, we examine the collaborative process used to establish the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To report the long-term outcomes of transscleral fixation of capsular tension rings (CTR) with intraocular lens (IOL) placement in pediatric patients with ectopia lentis. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Pediatric patients requiring lens extraction with transscleral capsular bag fixation with a CTR and IOL for ectopia lentis between January 2006 and January 2016 were analyzed. Results Thirty-seven patients (67 eyes) who had transscleral fixation of the capsular bag using a CTR fixated with 9-0 or 10-0 polypropylene (Prolene), 8-0 polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex), or 9-0 nylon were identified. The mean age at time of surgery was 7.25 years (2 to 18 years) and the mean follow-up was 35.3 months (0.25 to 120 months). The proportion of eyes showing improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) postoperatively was 78.5%, which demonstrated significance with a 95% confidence interval. In the immediate postoperative period, 1 eye developed a hyphema and 1 eye required IOL repositioning. Long-term complications included posterior capsule opacification in 35 eyes (52%) and uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome in 1 eye (1.5%). Three eyes (4.4 %) required IOL repositioning for spontaneous delayed IOL dislocation, 2 sutured with 8-0 polytetrafluoroethylene at postoperative month 8 and postoperative year 3 and 1 sutured with 9-0 polypropylene at postoperative year 7. Conclusion Transscleral fixation of the capsular bag using a CTR improved CDVA and provided IOL stability in pediatric patients with ectopia lentis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constant challenge in fisheries stock assessment and management is having sufficient data to inform research and analyses. Nontraditional data sources like citizen science, when collected and applied appropriately, can help fill such data gaps. Use of nontraditional data sources is on the rise, but its use and application in fisheries science and management remains largely untapped. In order to examine the use of such data sources, we held a symposium at the 2020 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting entitled "How Citizen Science and Nontraditional Data Sources can be Better Incorporated Into Fisheries Stock Assessments and Management" (https://bit.ly/3V13vHe). The session included 12 talks and a panel discussion to examine best practices. This paper reviews seven nontraditional data programs and projects used to support fisheries management featured in this special issue of Fisheries. It concludes with key lessons from the panel discussion for best applying nontraditional data sources in fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Proton therapy enables the delivery of a high radiation dose to tumors while sparing surrounding normal tissues. Inaccurate patient positioning may lead to underdosing of the targeted tumor and overdosing of nearby healthy tissues. Before a course of proton therapy, a CT scan is acquired for treatment planning with the patient in the treatment position, and this image dataset is used as a reference for patient localization at each treatment fraction. Radiation therapists perform daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) image guidance to align the patient to closely match the planning CT and minimize inaccuracies in radiation delivery. In this study, CBCT scans were systematically collected with clinical and treatment information to investigate questions related to image guidance, setup uncertainty, and patient motion during the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Knowledge gained from this study provides a basis for designing safe and optimal proton treatments. This study quantifies setup uncertainty in brain tumor patients who received image-guided proton therapy. Patients analyzed include 165 children, adolescents, and young adults (median age at radiotherapy: 9 years (range: 10 months to 24 years); 80 anesthetized and 85 awake) enrolled in a single-institution prospective study from 2020 to 2023. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed daily to calculate and correct manual setup errors, once per course after setup correction to measure residual errors, and weekly after treatments to assess intrafractional motion. Orthogonal radiographs were acquired consecutively with CBCT for paired comparisons of 40 patients. Translational and rotational errors were converted from 6 degrees of freedom to a scalar by a statistical approach that considers the distance from the target to the isocenter. The 95th percentile of setup uncertainty was reduced by daily CBCT from 10 mm (manual positioning) to 1–1.5 mm (after correction) and increased to 2 mm by the end of fractional treatment. A larger variation existed between the roll corrections reported by radiographs vs. CBCT than for pitch and yaw, while there was no statistically significant difference in translational variation. A quantile mixed regression model showed that the 95th percentile of intrafractional motion was 0.40 mm lower for anesthetized patients ( p = 0.0016 ). Considering additional uncertainty in radiation-imaging isocentricity, the commonly used total plan robustness of 3 mm against positional uncertainty would be appropriate for our study cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite transmitters were attached to 25 reproductively active and four inactive adult male loggerhead sea turtles (86.6-107.0 cm SCLmin) captured from the Port Canaveral, FL, USA shipping channel to assess horizontal and vertical distributions. During the breeding period, male loggerheads aggregated (44% of 755 turtle days) in a 117.6 km core area that encompassed the shipping channel. Median dive duration during the breeding period was 27 min (IQR = 15-42 min) and males spent 4% (IQR = 3-5%) of the time at the surface, with significantly shorter dives associated with reproductively active males. Migrant and resident males dispersed concurrently, with residents shifting > 30 km east across the continental shelf over a more protracted departure schedule than migrants. Dive duration and time spent at the surface increased through the fall. Cluster analysis revealed the strongest association for dive duration with sea state during and after the breeding period, with significantly longer dives during more turbulent conditions. In contrast, univariate associations with surface interval duration were not elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixteen satellite-tagged adult male loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) dispersed widely from an aggregation near Port Canaveral, Florida, USA (28°23′N, −80°32′W) after breeding. Northbound males migrated further (990 ± 303 km) than southbound males (577 ± 168 km) and transited more rapidly (median initial dive duration = 6 (IQR = 4-16) versus 19 (IQR = 10-31) min, respectively).. Migration occurred along a depth corridor (20-40 m) except where constricted by a narrow continental shelf width. Males foraged in areas 27 ± 41 km day at locations <1-80 km from shore for 100.1 ± 60.6 days, with variability in foraging patterns not explained by turtle size or geography. Post-breeding dispersal patterns were similar to patterns reported for adult female loggerhead sea turtles in this region and adult male loggerhead sea turtles elsewhere in the northern hemisphere; however, foraging ground distributions were most similar to adult female loggerhead sea turtles in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-four juvenile loggerhead sea turtles captured by trawling from the Charleston, South Carolina (USA), shipping channel (32°42′N; −79°47′W) between May 2004 and August 2007 were tagged with satellite transmitters to assess the extent to which they remained near the capture location given their collection along a seasonal migratory corridor. Seventy-five percent of juveniles were classified as seasonal residents. Migrants predominantly swam north in the spring and nomads wandered south in the summer, but predictive indicators for non-resident status were not identified. All but one juvenile generally remained south of 34°N, within 40 km of shore, and in waters <30 m deep throughout the year. Nine of 14 loggerhead sea turtles monitored during the winter remained exclusively over the continental shelf, three briefly occurred in oceanic habitats, and two foraged extensively in oceanic habitats. Residents distributed >15 km from shore between spring and autumn were three times as likely to occur in oceanic habitats in winter. Modest seasonal movements contrasted with adults tagged at similar latitudes and with juveniles tagged further north and suggest distinct foraging groups within a regional foraging ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal trawling was conducted randomly in coastal (depths of 4.6-17 m) waters from St. Augustine, Florida, (29.9°N) to Winyah Bay, South Carolina (33.1°N), during 2000-03, 2008-09, and 2011 to assess annual trends in the relative abundance of sea turtles. A total of 1262 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were captured in 23% (951) of 4207 sampling events. Capture rates (overall and among prevalent 5-cm size classes) were analyzed through the use of a generalized linear model with log link function for the 4097 events that had complete observations for all 25 model parameters. Final models explained 6.6% (70.1-75.0 cm minimum straight-line carapace length [SCLmin]) to 14.9% (75.1-80.0 cm SCLmin) of deviance in the data set. Sampling year, geographic subregion, and distance from shore were retained as significant terms in all final models, and these terms collectively accounted for 6.2% of overall model deviance (range: 4.5-11.7% of variance among 5-cm size classes). We retained 18 parameters only in a subset of final models: 4 as exclusively significant terms, 5 as a mixture of significant or nonsignificant terms, and 9 as exclusively nonsignificant terms. Four parameters also were dropped completely from all final models. The generalized linear model proved appropriate for monitoring trends for this data set that was laden with zero values for catches and was compiled for a globally protected species. Because we could not account for much model deviance, metrics other than those examined in our study may better explain catch variability and, once elucidated, their inclusion in the generalized linear model should improve model fits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trawling was conducted in the Charleston, South Carolina, shipping channel between May and August during 2004-07 to evaluate loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) catch rates and demographic distributions. Two hundred and twenty individual loggerheads were captured in 432 trawling events during eight sampling periods lasting 2-10 days each. Catch was analyzed by using a generalized linear model. Data were fitted to a negative binomial distribution with the log of standardized sampling effort (i.e., an hour of sampling with a net head rope length standardized to 30.5 m) for each event treated as an offset term. Among 21 variables, factors, and interactions, five terms were significant in the final model, which accounted for 45% of model deviance. Highly significant differences in catch were noted among sampling periods and sampling locations within the channel, with greatest catch furthest seaward consistent with historical observations. Loggerhead sea turtle catch rates in 2004-07 were greater than in 1991-92 when mandatory use of turtle excluder devices was beginning to be phased in. Concurrent with increased catch rates, loggerheads captured in 2004-07 were larger than in 1991-92. Eighty-five percent of loggerheads captured were ≤75.0 cm straight-line carapace length (nuchal notch to tip of carapace) and there was a 3.9:1 female-to-male bias, consistent with limited data for this location two decades earlier. Only juvenile logger- heads ≤75.0 cm possessed haplotypes other than CC-A01 or CC-A02 that dominate in the region. Six rare and one un-described haplotype were pre-dominantly found in June 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of earthy-musty odors in drinking water is a major concern for water suppliers and consumers worldwide. While geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the most studied earthy-musty odor-causing compounds, pyrazine and its alkyl and methoxy compounds possess similar odors and are widely distributed in nature, foods, and beverages. In this study, odor characteristics of pyrazines and their presence in natural and treated waters were determined. Pyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine (DMP), 2,3,5-trimethyl-pyrazine (TrMP), 2-ethyl-5(6)-methyl-pyrazine (EMP), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-pyrazine (TeMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy-pyrazine (IBMP) and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-pyrazine (IPMP) were measured in source and finished drinking water across China. 2-Methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine (MDMP), IBMP, and IPMP were investigated in rivers in Virginia, USA. The results showed that "musty" and "sweet" were the most common descriptors for pyrazine, DMP, MDMP, TrMP, and TeMP. While IBMP and IPMP were never detected in 140 source or drinking water samples from across China, pyrazine, DMP, MDMP, TrMP, and TeMP occurred throughout with concentrations of n.d.−62.2 ng/L-aq in source water and n.d.−39.6 ng/L-aq in finished water. IBMP, IPMP, and MDMP were present in two Virginia rivers; MDMP occurred in 18% of the samples with concentrations of n.d.−4.4 ng/L, many of which were above the aqueous odor threshold of 0.043 ng/L MDMP. The removal efficiencies through conventional water treatment were poor, ranging from negative removals to ∼10%. Advanced oxidation water treatment could only remove EMP and TrMP. The widespread presence of earthy-musty-sweet pyrazines in source and drinking waters on two continents, their poor removal during water treatment, and ng/L odor threshold concentrations confirm their potential to be T&O issues for consumers. Image 1 • Pyrazines co-occur widely and are often found in source and drinking waters. • "Musty" and "sweet" were the dominant descriptors applied to all five pyrazines. • Pyrazines can have low ng/L OTCs and are overlooked as T&O contributors. • Conventional and advanced oxidation treatment showed limited removal of pyrazines. • Using Henry's Law and OTCs in water to predict OTCs in air could be a powerful tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]