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8. Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Reactivity Scale in Community Screening Assessments

Author

Byrne, Stephen, Makol, Bridget A., Keeley, Lauren M., and De Los Reyes, Andres

Abstract

Among individuals experiencing internalizing psychopathology, high levels of emotion reactivity--the degree to which they experience emotions strongly or intensely, over extended periods of time, and as elicited by a variety of stimuli--increase risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Researchers developed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS) to assess emotion reactivity, with psychometric support for the measure largely restricted to at-risk clinical populations. We know little of the psychometric properties of the ERS when administered as a screening measure in community assessments. In a study of the psychometric properties of the ERS in a non-clinical assessment of adults, we recruited 105 participants (M[subscript age]=44.6; 82.9% female) as part of a larger study of adolescent social anxiety and family relationships. Participants completed the ERS, self-report measures of various psychosocial domains, and an impromptu speech task, before and during which they self-reported their arousal. Scores taken from the ERS demonstrated strong internal consistency and demonstrated facets of validity: (a) positive relations with measures of internalizing psychopathology and parent-adolescent conflict, and negative relations with a measure of quality of life (convergent validity); (b) relations with self-reported anxiety and safety-seeking behaviors, over-and-above self-reported depressive symptoms (incremental validity); and (c) relation with self-reported state arousal during the impromptu speech task, over-and-above self-reported arousal at baseline (criterion-related validity). These findings support the psychometric properties of the ERS when administered in non-clinic assessments of adults. As such, they have important implications for screening assessments designed to identify adults who display the potential for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. [This paper was published in "Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment" v41 p730-740 2019.]

Published
2019
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14. Economic cost-benefit analysis of person-centred medicines reviews by general practice pharmacists.

Author

O'Mahony, Cian, Dalton, Kieran, O'Hagan, Leon, Murphy, Kevin D., Kinahan, Clare, Coyle, Emma, Sahm, Laura J., Byrne, Stephen, and Kirke, Ciara

Subjects
DRUG side effects, COST benefit analysis, FAMILY medicine, PHARMACIST-patient relationships, MEDICAL care costs
Abstract

Background: Medicines reviews by general practice pharmacists improve patient outcomes, but little is known about the associated economic outcomes, particularly in patients at higher risk of medicines-related harm. Aim: To conduct an economic cost-benefit analysis of pharmacists providing person-centred medicines reviews to patients with hyperpolypharmacy (prescribed ≥ 10 regular medicines) and/or at high risk of medicines-related harm across multiple general practice settings. Method: Service delivery costs were calculated based on the pharmacist's salary, recorded timings, and a general practitioner fee. Direct cost savings were calculated from the cost change of patients' medicines post review, projected over 1 year. Indirect savings were calculated using two models, a population-based model for avoidance of hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions and an intervention-based model applying a probability of adverse drug reaction avoidance. Sensitivity analyses were performed using varying workday scenarios. Results: Based on 1471 patients (88.4% with hyperpolypharmacy), the cost of service delivery was €153 per review. Using the population-based model, net cost savings ranging from €198 to €288 per patient review and from €73,317 to €177,696 per annum per pharmacist were calculated. Using the intervention-based model, net cost savings of €651–€741 per review, with corresponding annual savings of €240,870–€457,197 per annum per pharmacist, were calculated. Savings ratios ranged from 181 to 584% across all models and inputs. Conclusion: Person-centred medicines reviews by general practice pharmacists for patients at high risk of medicines-related harm result in substantial cost savings. Wider investment in general practice pharmacists will be beneficial to minimise both patient harm and healthcare system expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Study protocol; Thyroid hormone Replacement for Untreated older adults with Subclinical hypothyroidism - a randomised placebo controlled Trial (TRUST)

Author

Stott, David J, Gussekloo, Jacobijn, Kearney, Patricia M, Rodondi, Nicolas, Westendorp, Rudi GJ, Mooijaart, Simon, Kean, Sharon, Quinn, Terence J, Sattar, Naveed, Hendry, Kirsty, Du Puy, Robert, Den Elzen, Wendy PJ, Poortvliet, Rosalinde KE, Smit, Jan WA, Jukema, J Wouter, Dekkers, Olaf M, Blum, Manuel, Collet, Tinh-Hai, McCarthy, Vera, Hurley, Caroline, Byrne, Stephen, Browne, John, Watt, Torquil, Bauer, Douglas, and Ford, Ian

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Heart Disease, Aging, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Blood Banks, Clinical Protocols, Double-Blind Method, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Patient Safety, Thyroxine, Subclinical hypothyroidism, Elderly, Randomised controlled trial, Levothyroxine, Quality of life, Thyroid disease, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common condition in elderly people, defined as elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal circulating free thyroxine (fT4). Evidence is lacking about the effect of thyroid hormone treatment. We describe the protocol of a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Levothyroxine treatment for SCH.MethodsParticipants are community-dwelling subjects aged ≥65 years with SCH, diagnosed by elevated TSH levels (≥4.6 and ≤19.9 mU/L) on a minimum of two measures ≥ three months apart, with fT4 levels within laboratory reference range. The study is a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group trial, starting with levothyroxine 50 micrograms daily (25 micrograms in subjects

Published
2017

30. Electrochemical Modification of Polypeptides at Selenocysteine

Author

Mackay, Angus S, primary, Maxwell, Joshua W. C., additional, Bedding, Max J., additional, Kulkarni, Sameer S., additional, Byrne, Stephen A., additional, Kambanis, Lucas, additional, Popescu, Mihai V., additional, Paton, Robert S., additional, Malins, Lara R., additional, Ashhurst, Anneliese S., additional, Corcilius, Leo, additional, and Payne, Richard J, additional

Published
2023
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41. Mefentrifluconazole sensitivity amongst European Zymoseptoria tritici populations and potential implications for its field efficacy.

Author

Kildea, Steven, Hellin, Pierre, Heick, Thies M., Byrne, Stephen, and Hutton, Fiona

Subjects
WINTER wheat, PEST control, AZOLES, CHEMICAL industry, SCIENCE publishing, TEBUCONAZOLE
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Septoria tritici blotch caused by Zymoseptoria tritici continues to be one of the most economically destructive diseases of winter wheat in north‐western Europe. Control is heavily reliant on the application of fungicides, in particular those belonging to the azole group. Here we describe the sensitivity of European Z. tritici populations to the novel azole mefentrifluconazole and the analysis of associated mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS: A wide range of sensitivity to mefentrifluconazole was observed amongst the Z. tritici collections examined, with strong cross‐resistances also observed between mefentrifluconazole, difenoconazole and tebuconazole. Overall, the Irish population displayed the lowest sensitivity to all azoles tested. Further detailed analysis of the Irish population in 2021 demonstrated differences in sensitivity occurred between sampling sites, with these differences associated with the frequencies of key resistance mechanisms (CYP51 alterations and MFS1 promoter inserts linked to overexpression). Under glasshouse conditions reductions in the efficacy of mefentrifluconazole were observed towards those strains exhibiting the lowest in vitro sensitivities. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a large range of sensitivity to mefentrifluconazole exists in European Z. tritici populations. Those strains exhibiting the lowest sensitivity to the azoles tested had the most complex CYP51 haplotypes in combination with the 519 bp insert, associated with enhanced activity of MFS1. The future use of mefentrifluconazole should take these findings into consideration to minimise the selection of these strains. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Classification, variation and education : the making and remaking of the 'normal child' in England, c.1880-1914

Author

Byrne, Stephen J., Crook, Tom, and Levene, Alysa

Subjects
305.2310942
Abstract

This thesis seeks to reconstruct the making and remaking of the ‘normal child’ during the period 1880 to 1914 in England. It does so by foregrounding the contested and confused nature of various attempts to define and police the boundaries between the normal child and his or her abnormal counterpart. On the one hand, it highlights how the normal child, as it began to emerge during the late nineteenth century, was subject to multiple articulations, each of them drawing on and mobilizing different conceptions of the normal itself, whether as an assumed average, an explicit average, an average that was by definition inferior, or an optimal condition that was achievable; or again, as a condition that was more or less fixed, or one that was mutable and capable of being moulded. On the other hand – and partly by way of explanation for the above – it seeks to embrace the actions and agency of a wide variety of actors, including officials, professional experts, MPs, philanthropic and voluntary organizations, school boards, teachers, and local authorities. Certainly conceptions of the normal child were at stake; but this thesis does not seek to provide an intellectual history of the normal child during the period under consideration. Quite the contrary, though it acknowledges and affirms the importance of ideas and idioms, it also seeks to affirm the importance of practices, institutions, and professional interests, as well as considerations which extended much beyond the field of education, narrowly defined – considerations of finance; the health of the nation; and the practicalities of organizing a national education system. Of particular importance in this respect was the advent or a more or less universal system of elementary education during the 1870s and 1880s which provided something like the institutional conditions in which the problem of the ‘normal child’ could flourish and be posed as such. By 1914 – and in contrast to 1880 – the ‘normal child’ was a matter of routine discussion among all those interested in the governance of education; and yet, the problem of the normal child would remain just that: deeply problematic, and engulfed in differing professional-political perspectives.

Published
2013
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49. Intervention protocol: OPtimising thERapy to prevent avoidable hospital Admission in the Multi-morbid elderly (OPERAM): a structured medication review with support of a computerised decision support system

Author

Crowley, Erin K., Sallevelt, Bastiaan T. G. M., Huibers, Corlina J. A., Murphy, Kevin D., Spruit, Marco, Shen, Zhengru, Boland, Benoît, Spinewine, Anne, Dalleur, Olivia, Moutzouri, Elisavet, Löwe, Axel, Feller, Martin, Schwab, Nathalie, Adam, Luise, Wilting, Ingeborg, Knol, Wilma, Rodondi, Nicolas, Byrne, Stephen, and O’Mahony, Denis

Published
2020
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50. Overtreatment and associated risk factors among multimorbid older patients with diabetes

Author

Baretella, Oliver, primary, Alwan, Heba, additional, Feller, Martin, additional, Aubert, Carole E., additional, Del Giovane, Cinzia, additional, Papazoglou, Dimitrios, additional, Christiaens, Antoine, additional, Meinders, Arend‐Jan, additional, Byrne, Stephen, additional, Kearney, Patricia M., additional, O'Mahony, Denis, additional, Knol, Wilma, additional, Boland, Benoît, additional, Gencer, Baris, additional, Aujesky, Drahomir, additional, and Rodondi, Nicolas, additional

Published
2023
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