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외국인 이주자의 급증에 따른 다문화사회로의 전환은 이들의 정체성과 시민성의 보장과 더불어 사회공간적 포용과 통합을 위하여 새로운 윤리를 요구한다. 다문화사회의 새로운 윤리는 국경을 가로지르는 초국적 이주와 정착 과정에서 형성되는 다규모적 네트워크들을 설명할 수 있는 공간적 관점, 특히 관계적 공간 개념에 바탕을 두고 구성되어야 한다. 이러한 점에서 이 논문은 다문화사회의 윤리를 위해 논의되고 있는 여러 개념들, 즉 다문화주의에서 관용과 인정, 세계시민주의와 환대, 그리고 시민성의 개념들을 공간적 측면에서 재고찰하고자 한다. 이들의 재고찰을 통해 다음과 같은 점들이 주장된다. 초국적 이주자의 정체성은 무연고적 자아에 의해 만들어지는 ‘우연적 공간’이 아니라 처해진 상황 속에서 사람들 간의 상호행동을 통해 생성되는 ‘관계적 공간’에서 형성된다. 이주자 삶이 영위되는 공동체는 고정된 경계에 의해 안과 밖이 구분되는 일차원적 공간(즉 절대적 공간)이 아니라 다규모적이고 역동적으로 변화하는 중층적적 공간에서 구성된다. 이에 따라, 외국인 이주자의 시민성은 한 인격체로서 가지는 보편적 인권, 일상생활의 사회공간적 관계에서 상호 인정을 통해 형성되는 국지적 (장소-특정적) 권리, 그리고 이들을 형식적으로 제도화하는 국가적 권리 등으로 구성되는 다규모적 시민성으로 이해되어야 한다. 물론 이러한 다규모적 시민성은 한 규모의 특정 공동체에 의해 주어지는 것이 아니라 행위자의 다규모적 실천을 통한 ‘스케일의 정치’에 의해 획득된다.

The environmentally benign synthesis of ultra-long copper nanowires with successful control of diameter and length for stretchable transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) is reported. Ultra-long copper nanowires (CuNWs) with an average length of 92.5 μm (maximum length up to 260 μm) and an average diameter of 47 nm were synthesized using environmentally friendly water–alcohol mixtures and L-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. A facile removal of insulating surface layers, such as organic capping molecules and copper oxide/hydroxide, by short-chain organic acid treatment allowed low contact resistance between the CuNWs without post-reductive treatment at elevated temperatures. The CuNWs were directly spray-coated on glass or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at a low processing temperature of 130 °C. The CuNW TCE on a glass substrate exhibited a low sheet resistance of 23.1 Ohm sq−1 and a high optical transmittance of 84.1% at 550 nm. Furthermore, the CuNWs were directly spray-coated on stretchable PDMS, which showed a low sheet resistance of 4.1 Ohm sq−1 and a high optical transmittance of 70% at 550 nm.

Although transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have played a key role in a wide range of solid-state electronics from conventional optoelectronics to emerging electronic systems, the processing temperature and conductivity of solution-processed materials seem to be far exceeding the thermal limitations of soft materials and insufficient for high-perfomance large-area systems, respectively. Here, we report a strategy to form highly conductive and scalable solution-processed oxide materials and their successful translation into large-area electronic applications, which is enabled by photoassisted postfunctionalization at low temperature. The low-temperature fabrication of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films was achieved by using photoignited combustion synthesis combined with photoassisted reduction process under hydrogen atmosphere. It was noteworthy that the photochemically activated hydrogens on ITO surface could be triggered to facilitate highly crystalline oxygen deficient structure allowing significant increase of carrier concentration and mobility through film microstructure modifications. The low-temperature postfunctionalized ITO films demonstrated conductivity of1607 S/cm and sheet resistance of104 Ω/□ under the process temperature of less than 300 °C, which are comparable to those of vacuum-deposited and high-temperature annealed ITO films. Based on the photoassisted postfunctionalization route, all-solution-processed transparent metal-oxide thin-film-transistors and large-area integrated circuits with the ITO bus lines were demonstrated, showing field-effect mobilities of6.5 cm

This paper analyses environmental narratives in the legislative stages presented in UK white papers, the Prime Minister's speeches, and the Queen's speeches, all of which were released between 1997 and 2011, during the regimes either of New Labour (1997–2010) or of the currently governing Coalition (2010–). This research acknowledges that the link between risk perception and environmental policy is strong because environmental policy narratives either reflect or influence risk perceptions, or both. The findings of this research demonstrate that the risk of climate change has emerged as a key agenda due to combined risk perceptions on economy and environment. Subsequently, that risk has developed a connection to the risk of energy scarcity and energy facilities. Nuclear power has posed a possible resolution to the energy risk, but at the same time, it has posed another kind of risk too. Under the Coalition government, the risk of natural diversity loss emerged while the risks of climate change and ...

This paper presents a lead-lag compensator design for a MEMS-fabricated microgyroscope. The microgyroscope is basically a high Q system, thus the bandwidth is limited to be narrow. To overcome the open-loop performance limitations, a feedback controller is designed to improve the resolution, bandwidth, linearity, and bias stability of the microgyroscope. The feedback controller is applied to the z-axis microgyroscope fabricated by SBM process. In MATLAB simulations, resolution, bandwidth, input range, and bias stability of closed-loop system are improved from 0.0021 deg/sec to 0.0013 deg/sec, from 14.8 Hz to 115 Hz, from ±50 deg/sec to ±200 deg/sec, and from 0.0249 deg/sec to 0.0028 deg/sec, respectively.

The stabilization and control of the electrical properties in solution-processed amorphous-oxide semiconductors (AOSs) is crucial for the realization of cost-effective, high-performance, large-area electronics. In particular, impurity diffusion, electrical instability, and the lack of a general substitutional doping strategy for the active layer hinder the industrial implementation of copper electrodes and the fine tuning of the electrical parameters of AOS-based thin-film transistors (TFTs). In this study, the authors employ a multifunctional organic-semiconductor (OSC) interlayer as a solution-processed thin-film passivation layer and a charge-transfer dopant. As an electrically active impurity blocking layer, the OSC interlayer enhances the electrical stability of AOS TFTs by suppressing the adsorption of environmental gas species and copper-ion diffusion. Moreover, charge transfer between the organic interlayer and the AOS allows the fine tuning of the electrical properties and the passivation of the electrical defects in the AOS TFTs. The development of a multifunctional solution-processed organic interlayer enables the production of low-cost, high-performance oxide semiconductor-based circuits.

This paper presents a feedback-controlled, MEMS-fabricated microaccelerometer. The microaccelerometer has received much commercial attraction, but its performance is generally limited. To improve the open-loop performance, a feedback controller is designed and experimentally evaluated. The feedback controller is applied to the x/y-axis microaccelerometer fabricated by sacrificial bulk micromachining (SBM) process. Even though the resolution of the closed-loop system is slightly worse than open-loop system, the bandwidth, linearity, and bias stability are significantly improved. The noise equivalent resolution of open-loop system is 0.615 mg and that of closed-loop system is 0.864 mg. The bandwidths of open-loop and closed-loop system are over 100 Hz. The input range, non-linearity and bias stability are improved from ±10 g to ±18 g, from 11.1 %FSO to 0.86 %FSO, and from 0.221 mg to 0.128 mg by feedback control, respectively.