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Las enzimas digestivas lipasa pancreática y α-glucosidasa, son importantes en el metabolismo de lípidos y carbohidratos, convirtiéndose en blancos terapéuticos atractivos para el tratamiento de la obesidad y patologías asociadas.

Oceanic islands and seamounts play an important role on the origin and maintenance of biodiversity, however, these environments are still poorly understood. Here we report 15 new records of reef fish species for the Davis Seamount, Trindade Island and Martin Vaz Archipelago, in the Vitoria-Trindade Chain (VTC). Such isolated sites are among the last frontier for shallow reef exploration in the South Atlantic, and more scientific effort is needed to better understand their biogeography and to help in conservation efforts.

RESUMEN Se determinó el efecto de dos protocolos de antisepsia del campo operatorio sobre la reducción del número de bacterias de la piel en bovinos sometidos a cirugías reproductivas a campo. Se tomaron muestras antes (M1), luego de la antisepsia (M2) y al finalizar el procedimiento quirúrgico (M3) en 12 bovinos mestizos de 18 a 24 meses de edad. Se realizó la tricotomía del campo operatorio previo a los dos protocolos de antisepsia: Iodopovidona al 7.5% y Gluconato de Clorhexidina al 2% (ambos con 3 min de contacto y aclaramiento con alcohol isopropílico de 2 min de contacto) y posterior embrocado con iodopovidona solución al 1% y clorhexidina solución al 0.5%, respectivamente. Los hisopados de piel fueron procesadas por la técnica de recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). La carga bacteriana de los dos protocolos fue analizada con el test de Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon para muestras independientes, sin encontrar diferencias significativas entre protocolos por momento de evaluación (p>0.05). El test de Friedman indicó una reducción significativa entre M1 con M2 y M3 (p0.05). ABSTRACT The effect of two surgical field antisepsis protocols on the reduction of the number of skin bacteria in bovines subjected to field reproductive surgeries was determined. Samples were taken before (M1), and after antisepsis (M2) and at the end of the surgical procedure (M3) in 12 crossbred bovines aged 18 to 24 months. Trichotomy of the operating field was performed prior to the two antisepsis protocols: 7.5% povidone-iodine and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (both with 3-min contact time and 2-min contact clearance with isopropyl alcohol) and later embrocation with 1% povidone-iodine solution and 0.5% chlorhexidine solution, respectively. The skin swabs were processed by the count technique of colony forming units (CFU/ml). The bacterial load of the two protocols was analysed with the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for independent samples, without finding significant differences between protocols by evaluation time (p>0.05). The Friedman test indicated a significant reduction between M1 with M2 and M3 (p0.05).

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Paracetamol is frequently used as an over-the-counter painkiller and is one of the most commonly consumed pharmaceuticals. Consequently, it is increasingly found in the natural environment, such as the water and soil. For this reason, the monitoring its concentration in water and the treatment of polluted effluents with paracetamol is a key issue to overcome urgently. Then, in this study, an electrochemical measuring device and electrochemical water treatment are integrated for their environmental application on paracetamol control. In the former, raw cork-graphite electrochemical sensor was prepared and a simple differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was developed for the quantitative determination of paracetamol. Meanwhile, the degradation of paracetamol was carried out with BDD anode by applying 15, 30, and 60 mA cm−2 and using different electrolyte concentrations of Na2SO4 (25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) over 240 min of treatment, in the latter. The decay and degradation of paracetamol were monitored by DPV, and HPLC measurements. Results indicated that, the electrochemical device exhibited a clear current response, allowing to quantify the analyte in the 2.5–1000 μM range, with limit of detection and quantification of 1.03 μM and 2.44 μM, respectively. Alternatively, BDD-electrolysis demonstrated to be an efficient process for removing organic matter from the pharmaceutical compound effluent via the production of strong oxidizing species. Lower paracetamol concentrations were detected, using the electrochemical sensor, when higher current densities and sulfate concentrations were used in BDD-electrolysis, demonstrating the applicability of integrated-technologies. The evolution of short-carboxylic acids (oxalic, formic, oxamic, maleic, acetic, and glycoxylic) was observed at 60 mA cm−2 and 100 mM of Na2SO4, but all of them were eliminated after 240 min. Inorganic ions (NH4+ and NO3−) were also detected under these experimental conditions, confirming that the pollutant was mineralized. Finally, lower energy requirements were estimated for all experimental conditions; however, solar photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy has been utilized to power these electrochemical technologies, decreasing the investment cost. Instituto de Química Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59.072-900 National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry UNESP, P.O. Box 355 School of Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Campus Universitario, 59.072-900 National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry UNESP, P.O. Box 355 CNPq: 306323/2018-4 CNPq: 430121/2016-4

This study investigated the ingestion of microplastics and artificial cellulose particles by 103 specimens belonging to 21 reef fish species from the southwestern Atlantic. Specimens of six species had ingested microplastics and artificial cellulose particles, while those of another three species had ingested only one type of material. In our samples, man-made cellulose fibers were more common than microplastics. The tomtate grunt, Haemulon aurolineatum, ingested more particles than any of the other species. Overall, transparent particles were predominant, and polyamide was the most common plastic material. Household sewage, fishery activity, and navigation appear to be the principal sources of the artificial particles ingested by the reef fishes. Our results provide an important database on oceanic contamination by microplastics and artificial cellulose particles. Understanding this impact on tropical reef fish will contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate pollution by anthropogenic debris in reef systems.

Interarea oscillations are a well-known phenomenon in large scale power systems such as continental Europe (CE). The evolution of the modes with the extension of the synchronous area has been assessed over time. This paper focuses on the impact of the AC line emulation control for high voltage direct current projects on the damping of main CE oscillatory modes. Analytical and simulation results show that, depending on the system operational point and location of the converter stations, a low value of the filter time constant may reduce the mode damping. Further efforts in developing a suitable platform for data and dynamic models exchange are required in order to monitor and improve our knowledge of the oscillatory condition of the CE system, and agree on effective real-time actions.

Phenomenon: Mental health problems among medical students are a worrisome issue; recent studies have shown that one-third may be suffering major depressive disorder and one out of ten had suicidal ...

There are not many direct comparisons of anxiety and depression symptoms between medicine students and the general population. This study aimed to determine the type of anxiety and depression symptoms at a medical school in Bogota (Colombia), and to compare the findings with population data. All students enrolled at a medical school were invited to participate in 2017. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire was applied to measure anxious and depressive symptoms. These findings were compared with data from the National Survey of Mental Health 2015 that were obtained with the same instrument in the same age range (18-25 years). A total of 554 students participated in the survey (70% response rate); 477 were between 18 and 25 years old. Anxiety symptoms (≥5) were reported by 44.9% of the medical students and 6.8% of the general population, and depression symptoms (≥7) were reported by 33.9% and 2.6%, respectively. The most prevalent symptoms reported by the medical students were fatigue, lack of sleep, and feeling tired all the time. In turn, the general population reported headaches, fear, nervousness, tension, and uneasiness. All comparisons showed p-values0.01. As prevalence is higher and symptom profile is different, specific policies are needed to reduce risk throughout medical degree programmes.

The artisanal cheese from Corrientes (from the Spanish acronym QAC-Queso Artesanal de Corrientes/Artisanal Cheese from Corrientes) is a soft cheese elaborated with raw cow milk and an artisanal coagulant agent. Lactic bacteria contitute the main flora of this cheese although yeasts are also present in high quantities as secondary microbiota and might play a relevant role in cheese ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate yeast occurrence during QAC elaboration and ripening, and the effect of seasonal variation. Yeasts were isolated and purified from raw materials and cheese at different ripening stagesl elaborated during the different seasons. Yeast sample counts were in the order of 103 - 107UFC/ml o UFC/g. Ninety yeast strains were classified: 9 from milk, 28 from the coagulant agent, 10 from curd and 43 from cheese. Candida predominated in milk samples while other yeast genera had low incidence. Candida also predominated in the coagulant agent samples, followed by genera Myxozyma and Debaryomyces. The isolates obtained from cheese belonged to the same genera predominating in the coagulant agent, and showed the same order of prevalence.

Summary Length–weight relationships were estimated for 19 labrid species occurring in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Data were collected from 175 specimens between July 2013 and February 2014. Most specimens were obtained from ichthyological collections, but some were spear-fished. Labridae is one of the most diverse and representative fish families in reef systems. Relationships are novel for 13 of the species, with the remainder representing an increase in their geographic extension or size range.

Background Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at heightened risks of developing unfavorable cardiometabolic consequences due to physical inactivity. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) and surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-resistance training (RT) have emerged as effective rehabilitation methods that can exercise muscles below the level of injury and attenuate cardio-metabolic risk factors. Our aims are to: determine the impact of 12 weeks of NMES+12 weeks of FES-Lower extremity cycling (LEC) compared to 12 weeks of passive movement + 12 weeks of FES-LEC on 1) oxygen uptake (VO2), insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in adults with SCI; 2) skeletal muscle size, intramuscular fat (IMF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and; 3) determinants of energy metabolism, protein molecules involved in insulin signaling, muscle hypertrophy and oxygen uptake (IRS-1, AMPK, GLUT-4, IGF-1, mTOR, Akt and PGC-1 α) and electron transport chain (ETC) activities. Methods/Design Forty-eight persons aged 18-65 years with chronic (> 1 year) SCI/D (AIS A-C) at the C5-L2 levels, equally sub-grouped by cervical or sub-cervical injury levels and time since injury, will be randomized into either NMES+FES group or Passive + FES (control group). The NMES+FES group will undergo 12 weeks of evoked RT using twice-weekly NMES and ankle weights followed by twice-weekly progressive FES-LEC for an additional 12 weeks. The control group will undergo 12 weeks of passive movement followed by 12 weeks of progressive FES-LEC. Measurements will be performed at baseline (B; week 0), post-intervention 1 (P1; week 13) and post-intervention 2 (P2; week 25) and will include VO2 measurements, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness using intravenous glucose tolerance; magnetic resonance imaging to measure muscle, IMF and VAT areas; muscle biopsy to measure protein expression and intracellular signaling as well as mitochondrial ETC function. Discussion Training through NMES+RT may evoke muscle hypertrophy and positively impact oxygen uptake, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness. This may result in beneficial outcomes on metabolic activity, body composition profile, mitochondrial ETC and intracellular signaling related to insulin action and muscle hypertrophy. In the future, NMES-RT may be added to FES-LEC to improve the workloads achieved in the rehabilitation of SCI persons and further decrease muscle wasting and cardio-metabolic risks. Clinical trials # NCT02660073

International audience; Transient stability is an important issue in power systems but difficult to quantify analytically. Most of the approaches in this case lie on a very simplified model of the generators, usually reduced to the swing equation. In this work, a more detailed model which includes voltage dynamics and both voltage and frequency regulators is considered to get more realistic results. The used methodology for algorithmic construction of Lyapunov functions is based on recent advances in the field of positive polynomials. This analysis framework uses an algebraic reformulation technique that recasts the systems dynamics into a set of polynomial differential algebraic equations in conjunction with a sum of Squares method to search for a Lyapunov function. Next, linear matrix inequalities are used to expand the region of attraction of the considered equilibrium point. The results are checked against an experimental (by extensive numerical simulations) evaluation of the region of attraction. Index Terms-Lyapunov theory, nonlinear systems, power systems analysis, region of attraction, sum of squares.

Unloading, neural lesions, and hormonal disorders after acute motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) cause one of the most severe forms of bone loss, a condition that has been refractory to available interventions tested to date. Thus, these features related to acute SCI provide a unique opportunity to study complex bone problems, potential efficacious interventions, and mechanisms of action that are associated with these dramatic pathological changes. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic potential of sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) in a rat model of bone loss after motor-complete SCI, and to investigate mechanisms underlying bone loss and Scl-Ab action. SCI rats were administered Scl-Ab (25 mg/kg/week) or vehicle beginning 7 days after injury then weekly for 7 weeks. SCI resulted in significant decreases in bone mineral density (-25%) and trabecular bone volume (-67%) at the distal femur; Scl-Ab completely prevented these deteriorations of bone in SCI rats, concurrent with markedly increased bone formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that SCI reduced numbers of osteocytes and dendrites concomitant with a morphology change from a spindle to round shape; Scl-Ab corrected these abnormalities in osteocytes. In ex vivo cultures of bone marrow cells, Scl-Ab inhibited osteoclastogenesis, and promoted osteoblastogenesis accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of LRP5, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the OPG/RANKL ratio, and a decrease in DKK1 mRNA. Our findings provide the first evidence that robust bone loss after acute motor-complete SCI can be blocked by Scl-Ab, at least in part, through the preservation of osteocyte morphology and structure and related bone remodeling. Our findings support the inhibition of sclerostin as a promising approach to mitigate the striking bone loss that ensues after acute motor-complete SCI, and perhaps other conditions associated with disuse osteoporosis as a consequence of neurological disorders.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) There is increasing concern about contamination by surfactants that are used to extract organic pollutants during remediation of polluted soils and aquifers. For instance, the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate may produce sulfate, which is a pollutant at high concentrations. Reports suggest that when remediation involves sodium dodecyl sulfate and electrochemical treatments, SO4 2− ions could be produced then oxidized to persulfate (S2O8 2−). However, there is few knowledge on the mechanism of electrochemical production of sulfate and persulfate. Here, we tested for first time the electrochemical production of persulfate from sulfate released by oxidation of sodium dodecyl sulfate, using anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond. Results show a high efficiency of persulfate production, reaching 2.5 μM, when 500 mg/L of surfactant in 0.05 mol/L of Na2SO4 was electrolyzed at 60 mA cm−2, by comparison with only 0.7 μM of persulfate without surfactant in solution. This efficiency is explained by electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals and persulfate. Results also show that 97% of the surfactant is transformed by fragmentation and oxidation, as revealed by particle size measurements. Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry Unesp, P.O. Box 355 National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry Unesp, P.O. Box 355 FAPESP: 2014/50945-4

A distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) optical fiber system has been studied using intensity-based optical time-domain reflectometry (i-OTDR). The fiber strain originated by sound waves (pressure waves) is in general quite small to enable the detection using conventional Rayleigh backscattering intensity based systems (low signal to noise ratio). Here, a 10 m portion of optical fiber has been rolled following a plane spiral shape in order increase the fiber surface subjected to the acoustic waves pressure and improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The performance of the system within the human voice frequency range (300–3400Hz) has been studied showing to effectively acquire voice signals at different points along a ∼2.5 Km fiber.

Thin films of zirconium oxynitride were grown on common glass, silicon substrates (100) and on stainless steel 316L using the reactive RF magnetron sputtering technique. The films were analyzed through structural, morphological, and biocompatibility studies. The structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the morphological analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These studies were done as a function of growth parameters, such as power applied to the target, substrate temperature, and flow ratios. The studies of biocompatibility were carried out on zirconium oxynitride films deposited on stainless steel 316L through proliferation and cellular adhesion. The XRD analysis showed that films deposited at 623 K, with a flow ratio ΦN 2 /ΦO 2 of 1.25 and a total deposit time of 30 min grew preferentially oriented along the (111) plane of the zirconium oxynitride monoclinic phase. The SEM analyses showed that the films grew homogeneously, and the AFM studies indicated that the average rugosity of the film was 5.9 nm and the average particle size was 150 nm. Finally, through the analysis of the biocompatibility, we established that the films have a better surface than the substrate (stainless steel 316L) in terms of adhesion and proliferation of bone cells.

The artisanal cheese from Corrientes (from the Spanish acronym QAC-Queso Artesanal de Corrientes/Artisanal Cheese from Corrientes) is a soft cheese elaborated with raw cow milk and an artisanal coagulant agent. Lactic bacteria contitute the main flora of this cheese although yeasts are also present in high quantities as secondary microbiota and might play a relevant role in cheese ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate yeast occurrence during QAC elaboration and ripening, and the effect of seasonal variation. Yeasts were isolated and purified from raw materials and cheese at different ripening stagesl elaborated during the different seasons. Yeast sample counts were in the order of 10

Se proponen dos modelos cinéticos para la transesterificación del aceite de palma con metanol utilizando óxido de calcio; el primero incluye la adsorción del alcohol y del aceite sobre el catalizador mediante mecanismos Langmuir-Hinshelwood, y el segundo considera solo la adsorción del alcohol a través de mecanismos Eley-Rideal. Para deducir los modelos propuestos se estudió el efecto de la variación de la relación molar alcohol/aceite (4.9-8.9), del%p/p de catalizador (0.3-0.7) y de la temperatura (328-338 K) sobre la velocidad de reacción. Los parámetros cinéticos se determinaron con el método de velocidades iniciales (t < 30 min.), y para validar los modelos se utilizaron datos tomados para tiempos de reacción mayores (hasta 240 min.). Se encontró que los modelos propuestos representan aceptablemente los datos experimentales con suma del cuadrado de residuales < 0.045 y aportan elementos al entendimiento del fenómeno catalítico al introducir conceptos de adsorción/desorción en la cinética de la reacción.Palabras clave: Aceite de palma, Cinética heterogénea, Mecanismo de reacción, Mecanismos Langmuir- Hinshelwood, Mecanismos Eley-Rideal, Transesterificación, Óxido de calcioAbstractIn this study, two new kinetic models for the palm oil transesterification with methanol, by using calcium oxide, are proposed. The first model, which includes the alcohol and the oil’s adsorption on the catalyst, is carried out by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms, while the second model only considers the alcohol adsorption on the solid, through the Eley-Rideal mechanisms. The Kinetic parameters were determined, by using the initial reaction rates method (t < 30 min), while the data taken for longer times (until 240 min) were used for the models validation. For the proposed models’ deduction, it was studied the alcohol/oil molar ratio’s variation eect (4.9-8.9), of the catalyst%w/w (0.3-0.7) and the temperature (328-338 K) on the reaction speed. The kinetic parameters were determined using the initial reaction rates method (t < 30 min), while the data taken for longer times (until 240 min) were used for models validation. It was found that the proposed models represent, an acceptable experimental data, according to the squared residuals’ sum < 0.045. The models contribute to this catalytic system understanding, by introducing the adsorption /desorption concepts, on the reaction kinetics. Key words: Calcium Oxide Eley-Rideal Mechanisms, Heterogeneous Kinetic, Langmuir-HinshelwoodMechanisms, Palm Oil, Reaction Mechanism

We investigated 2 different methods for determining muscle fatigue threshold by electromyography (EMG).Thirteen subjects completed an incremental treadmill running protocol for EMG fatigue threshold (EMGFT ) determination based on the critical power concept (EMGFT 1) and the breakpoint in the linear relationship between EMG amplitude and exercise intensity (EMGFT 2). Then, both the EMGFT 1 and EMGFT 2 were tested in a continuous treadmill running protocol. EMG was recorded from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles.For BF, EMGFT 2 was higher than EMGFT 1, and EMGFT 1 for BF was lower than EMGFT 1 for LG. EMG of RF was higher at EMGFT 2 than at EMGFT 1, and LG EMG was lower at EMGFT 2.EMGFT can be determined during a single treadmill running test, and EMGFT 1 may be the most appropriate method to estimate the muscle fatigue threshold during running.

In 57% of 151 BSE positive brains of Swiss cattle, degenerating neurons were found in BSE predilection sites, either single scattered (34%) or involving large parts of brain stem nuclei (23%). The lesion consisted of central chromatolysis, shrinkage, karyolysis or nuclear pyknosis. In 43% of the BSE positive brains no neuronal changes besides vacuolation were present. Neuronal degeneration other than vacuolation alone is not pathognomonic for BSE but, according to our findings, seems to be of some importance together with the typical vacuolation of neuropil and neurons. There is no correlation between extent of these degenerative changes and accumulation of PrPSc protein, determined by immunohistochemistry. The significance remains obscure, yet as it had not been seen in cattle brains before the outbreak of BSE in Switzerland in 1990 it certainly is linked to the disease. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Increased efforts have been made during the last few decades to develop new technologies capable of identifying and quantifying the expression proteome in different cellular systems in physiological and physiopathological conditions for determining illness biomarkers, pharmaceutical targets and/or posttranslational modifications (PTM) by means of proteomic techniques. 2D gel electrophoresis, with immobilized pH gradients, associated with mass spectrometry, is one of the fundamentals steps in studying proteomics. The 2D technique can be used in studying the quantitative expression of protein profiles according to iso-electric point (Ip), molecular weight (Mr), protein solubility and the relative abundance of the above. This methodology provides a protein profile reflecting changes in protein expression levels, isoforms and PTM. Proteins can be classified into those known by their structure and function, those recognized by determined domains and about which there is some knowledge, and those whose function is still not known. Proteomics is defined as the large-scale study of proteins expressed for a specific tissue from a genome, (global proteomics) or differentially expressed proteins (differential proteomics). Determining differentially expressed proteins, or proteins suffering a change in physiological circumstances, is the clue to understanding such pathology’s cellular mechanisms. Although an expressed gene in specific tissues (as an answer to biologic alterations) could be analyzed by a mRNA expression study (transcriptomics), these results do not always coincide with the expected expression profiles since the number and activity of proteins associated with the same regulation in different stages could be modified. Genomic data integration is required, as well as transcritomics

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are predictive of cardiovascular death in haemodialysis (HD) patients. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that monitoring NT-proBNP measurements adds further prognostic information, i.e. predicts congestive heart failure (CHF) events. Methods: In a prospective cohort of 236 HD patients, NT-proBNP levels were measured monthly during 18 months. Patients were divided according to the occurrence of CHF events. In a nested case-control study, we assessed the evolution of NT-proBNP levels. Results: On average, the 236 HD patients were followed up for 12.5 months, a period during which 44 patients developed a CHF event (half requiring hospitalisation). At baseline, patients who developed a CHF event had significantly more dilated cardiomyopathy and/or altered left ventricular ejection fraction and higher NT-proBNP levels compared with patients who did not develop a CHF event. During follow-up, we observed a significant increase in NT-proBNP levels preceding the CHF event. At a 20% relative increase of NT-proBNP, the sensitivity of NT-proBNP as a predictor of CHF events was 0.57 and the specificity 0.77. Conclusion: The relative change in NT-proBNP levels is a significant risk predictor of a CHF event.

The effects of methylmalonate (MMA) on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) activities in brain and liver of 15-day-old rats were studied. The apparent Km of SDH for succinate was 0.45 mmol/L in brain and 0.34 mmol/L in liver. MMA inhibited the enzyme activity in both tissues with Ki values of 4.5 mmol/L and 2.3 mmol/L in brain and liver, respectively, and the inhibition was of the reversible competitive type. The calculated Km for HBDH with beta-hydroxybutyrate as substrate was 1.26 mmol/L in brain and 0.36 mmol/L in liver. MMA inhibited the enzyme with a Ki value of 0.015 mmol/L in brain and 0.275 mmol/L in liver. These results are probably relevant to our understanding of cerebral metabolism in methylmalonic acidaemic children, especially during ketoacidotic and hypoglycaemic crises, and may be related to the pathogenesis of cerebral dysfunction of methylmalonic acidaemia.

Introduction La transplantation renale est le traitement le plus efficient de l’insuffisance renale terminale. Depuis 2008, nous avons formalise un parcours de soins favorisant l’orientation vers la transplantation renale des patients arrivant en dialyse. Patients et methodes Le parcours repose sur une evaluation systematique des patients dialyses incidents et un suivi coordonne du parcours de greffe jusqu’a l’inscription. Les taux d’inscription des patients prevalents et les taux et delais d’inscription des patients incidents sont evalues depuis 2008. Resultats Le taux d’inscription des patients prevalents les plus jeunes (18–39 ans) ne progresse pas. En revanche, le taux des patients prevalents inscrits âges de 40–59 ans est passe de 41,2 % ( n = 42/102) en 2008 a respectivement 44,3 % ( n = 31/70) en 2011–53,1 % ( n = 43/81) en 2013 et 62,4 % ( n = 58/93) en 2014 (p n = 14/76) en 2008 a 26,6 % ( n = 16/60) en 2011–35,5 % ( n = 30/87) en 2013 et 42,3 % ( n = 38/78) en 2014 ( p n = 1/131) en 2008 a 6,15 % ( n = 12/195) en 2014 ( p [1] rapporte un taux d’inscription de la cohorte prevalente au 31/12/2012 de 44 %, 23 % et 2 % selon la tranche d’âge 40–59, 60–69 et > 70 ans, respectivement. Notre cohorte de patients incidents depuis 2008 atteint desormais 655 patients. L’inscription preemptive est de 24,7 % et 11,1 % chez les patients de 40–59 ans ( n = 186) et 60–69 ans ( n = 144). Les taux d’inscription apres 12 et 24 mois de dialyse augmentent traduisant une inscription plus elevee et plus rapide ; ex. le taux d’inscription des nouveaux patients âges de 60–69 ans etait de 20 % a M12 et 31 % a M24 pour la cohorte incidente 2008–2010, ce taux augmente a 40 % a M12* et 45 % a M24 pour la cohorte incidente 2011–2013. Discussion Pour progresser encore, nous allons mettre en place une reunion collegiale pluridisciplinaire dematerialisee avec l’equipe de greffe, pour discuter l’orientation des patients a haut risque. Conclusion Ces resultats montrent l’efficacite de notre approche pour ameliorer l’acces a la greffe renale des patients dialyses.

A produção industrial de frangos de corte desafia de maneira importante o bem-estar das aves. O objetivo deste foi melhorar o grau de bem-estar de frangos de corte, através do fornecimento de poleiros e da avaliação de seu impacto no bem-estar dos animais. Foram utilizados 360 frangos de corte, machos, criadosde 1 a 42 dias de idade, em dois tratamentos com seis repetições de 30 aves cada, sendo T1 sem poleiros e T2 com três poleiros por box. Foram realizadas observações das atividades comportamentais por registro instantâneo do tipo varredura. Exames físicos para condição das penas do peito e distúrbios naspernas foram realizados aos 40 dias de idade. Foram avaliados: consumo de ração, ganho de peso, peso ao abate e conversão alimentar. Foi observada freqüência de empoleiramento crescente com a idade das aves, de 0,3%, 2,6% e 5,1% na quarta, quinta e sexta semanas de idade, respectivamente. Durante as duas últimas semanas de vida, as ocorrências de ciscar foram mais freqüentes e os eventos de comportamento agonista foram menos freqüentes no tratamento com poleiros (P0,05). Conclui-se que, nas condições deste experimento, a oferta de poleiros resulta em melhoria da Liberdade Comportamental no terço final de vida das aves. O efeito dos poleiros sobre a Liberdade Sanitária deve serestudado mais detalhadamente. Os resultados sugeremmelhoria do grau de bem-estar de frangos de corte devido à oferta de poleiros.

To identify the electromyographic fatigue threshold in the erector spinae muscle.Eight 19 to 24-year-old male volunteers participated in this study, in which surface electrodes were used, as well as a biological signals acquisition module (Lynx) with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, a 1000 times gain, a 20 Hz high pass filter and a 500 Hz low pass filter. The test consisted of repeated isometric contractions of the erector spinae muscle in a 45 degrees hip flexion posture, with 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction.A positive correlation of the RMS (root mean square) value as a function of time was found for most of the subjects with 40% (N = 6), 50% (N = 7) and 60% (N = 8) loads of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction.It was concluded, from this study, that the proposed protocol provides evidence, through the electromyographic signal, of the development of fatigue in the erector spinae muscle with loads of 40%, 50% and 60% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The protocol also allows the electromyographic fatigue threshold and its probable applicability in the diagnosis of this phenomenon during repetitive activities to be determined.

INTRODUCTION. Il a ete rapporte dans la litterature que le niveau plasmatique de B2microglobuline (B2-m) chez les dialyses chroniques constitue un facteur pronostique de survie. L’hemodiafiltration en ligne (HDF) combinant l’epuration par diffusion et par convection comporte un haut pouvoir d’elimination de la (B2-m), cependant des resultats tres diversifies ont ete publies. OBJECTIFS DE L'ETUDE. Ce travail prospectif conduit sur 9 mois a pour objectif de comparer les taux de B2-m a la phase d’hemodialyse chronique (HDC) puis sous HDF, et d’evaluer l’impact sur les marqueurs inflammatoires et de l’osteodystrophie renale. PATIENTS ET METHODES. L’etude est menee chez 35 patients (pts) precedemment en HDC transferes en HDF au moment du demarrage de ce mode de traitement dans notre service. Tous les pts ayant eu un replis en HDC pendant la periode d’observation ont ete exclus. Caracteres generaux des pts : 16 femmes (46%), 19 hommes (54%), âge moyen 72±12 ans, anciennete de dialyse (AD) 7±6 ans, indice de masse corporelle (IMC) 25±4 kg/m2, PA 128±28/56±13 mmHg. Caracteristiques techniques de l’HDF: debit sanguin 300-400 ml/min, debit du dialysat > 500 ml/min, debit convectif 4,5-6 l/h, membrane de haute permeabilite (superficie ≥1,9 m2 et coefficient d’ultrafiltration ≥ 40 ml/h/mmHg), le mode post-dilution est le plus utilise. Parametres mesures avant seance a J0 pour la phase HDC, puis a 6 et 9 mois en HDF: dose de dialyse, flux convectif, taux de B2-m, CRP, parathormone intacte (PTHi), albuminemie (Alb), hemoglobine (Hb), phosphatemie (P). La valeur cible de B2-m est un taux ≤ 27,5 mg/l conforme aux recommandations. Toutes les analyses biologiques ont ete realisees par un laboratoire biologique qualifie. Deux sous-groupes de pts ont ete constitues en fin d’etude en fonction de la cible; sous-groupe A : pts a taux de B2-m ≤ 27,5 mg/l ; sous-groupe B : pts a taux de B2-m >27,5 mg/l. RESULTATS. Tableau d’evaluation des differents parametres aux diverses echeances d’etude. B2-m CRP PTH i P H b Alb K T (mg/l) (mg/l) (pg/ml) (mmol/l) (g/dl) (g/l) ( l) J0 HD C 30±9 12±14 3 42±24 6 1,4 8±0,4 1 1,8±1 39±4 47±8 6 mois 2 4±6 8±8 3 33±26 3 1,4 6±0,5 11,6 ±1,1 38±4 51±9 9 mois 2 2±6 8±9 2 78±21 4 1,4 4±0,3 11,5 ±1,6 38±3 52±10 p *